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Epidemiological Features of Foodborne Disease Outbreaks in Catering Service facilities—China,2010–2020

China CDC weekly 2023年第22期5卷 479-484页

作者： Donglei Lu Jikai Liu Hong Liu Yunchang Guo Yue Dai Junhua Liang Lili Chen Lizi Xu Ping Fu Ning Li Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention ShanghaiChina China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment BeijingChina Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Nanjing CityJiangsu ProvinceChina Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Guangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Hangzhou CityZhejiang ProvinceChina Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Hefei CityAnhui ProvinceChina

Introduction:In terms of food preparation settings,catering service facilities have been identified as locations with the highest incidence of foodborne disease outbreaks in *** 2010,the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment has established the Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System(FDOSS)to monitor foodborne disease ***,data from the FDOSS has provided a more accurate depiction of the epidemic characteristics of outbreaks within these ***:From 2010 to 2020,the FDOSS gathered data related to the prevalence of outbreaks,cases,hospitalizations,and deaths linked to foodborne disease outbreaks in catering service *** study examined the temporal and geographical distribution,pathogenic factors,and contributing variables of these outbreaks over the course of the ***:From 2010 to 2020,China’s catering service facilities reported 18,331 outbreaks,which resulted in 206,718 illnesses,68,561 hospitalizations,and 201 *** second and third quarters of the year accounted for 76.12%of the outbreaks and 72.93%of the *** primary pathogenic factors were pathogenic organisms,which caused 4,883(26.64%)outbreaks,94,047(45.50%)cases,32,170(46.92%)hospitalizations,and 21(10.45%)*** were 5,607(30.59%)outbreaks in restaurants,2,876(15.69%)outbreaks from street vendors,and 2,560(13.97%)outbreaks in employee canteens in ***:The implementation of relevant control methods,including health education and promotion,is critical for addressing foodborne diseases in catering service *** food safety training sessions for restaurant personnel and managers are essential to ensuring the effective management of these health risks.

关键词： Service restaurant facilities

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Preliminary design of a femtosecond timing system for large accelerator facilities

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2018年第3期29卷 42-50页

作者： Ming Liu Xiao-Lei Dai Chong-Xian Yin Bin-Qing Zhao Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Large accelerator facilities require clocks and triggers with high accuracy to synchronize equipment and devices. A new femtosecond timing system was designed to meet the demands of new facilities. In this system, the radio-frequency signal is modulated in a continuous-wave laser carrier with frequency stabilization, and timing events are distributed in the same fiber. The phase drift is detected precisely, based on the principle of the Michelson interferometer. The phase drift is compensated with coarse and fine correctors afterward. We aim to realize the stable transmission of the RF signal and timing events for a long distance and duration, with the phase drift and additive jitter in femtoseconds. After the extension, the system will become a complete solution for the clock-and-trigger distribution of synchrotron radiation facilities, free-electron lasers, and other accelerators. The physics design, simulation analysis, and preliminary results are included in the paper.

关键词： Timing system Large accelerator facilities Synchronization in femtoseconds

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Study on the facilities and procedures for meltwater erosion of thawed soil

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2016年第2期4卷 142-147页

作者： Yunyun Ban Tingwu Lei Chao Chen Zhiqiang Liu China Agricultural University Beijing 100083PR China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationCAS and MWRYangling 712100PR China

High erosion rate of seasonal thawed soils by snow-and ice-melting runoff in the high altitude and latitude cold regions has great impacts on ecological systems,industries,agriculture and various manmade infrastructures as well as people's *** facilities and procedures are of great importance for the studies on simulating erosion processes of melt-frozen *** study focuses on the method and facility for simulating the thawing process of frozen *** facility includes soil freezing system,meltwater supply system and experimental flume system for thawed soil *** soil freezing system provides enough space to freeze soil columns in *** water supply system deliveries snow-or icemelting water flow of constant-rate at 0℃.The soil flumes of 200 or 300 cm long,10 cm wide and 12 cm high are designed to be assemble and convenient for soil freezing before they are thawed in one-dimensional manner from top to *** one-dimensional thawing process is realized as *** frozen soil flume is put on ice boxes and thermally insulated with heat-insulating materials all around to prevent frozen soil from being thawed from sidewalls and *** soil thaws with this system shows that it can meet the requirements of simulating the process of soil thawing from top to *** thawed soil flumes are connected from end to end to form rills of 6–8 m long to run the erosion experiments under different designed hydraulic *** equipment provides facility,method and operation process for simulating one-dimensional soil thawing to serve research on the effect of thawed soil depth on erosion process.

关键词： Melt-frozen Soil erosion Method facilities Procedures

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Study on Early Warning Service of Low-Temperature Chilling Injury Risk in Shenyang facilities Agriculture

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2018年第5期6卷 228-236页

作者： Jing Zhang Shi Li Chenying Mu Xiaowei Song Qing Liu Quanhui Xu Chen Chen Shenyang Meteorology Bureau Shenyang China Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County Meteorological Bureau Qingyuan China

On the basis of summarizing the research on disaster risk at home and abroad, Shenyang, one of the cities with the most frequent meteorological disasters, was taken as an example. Cold chilling injury is one of the major agricultural meteorological disasters, which poses a serious threat to the sustainable development of agriculture and food security in Jilin and Shenyang. Based on meteorological observation data of recent 65 years in Shenyang and microclimate monitoring data of agricultural facilities in two years, this paper makes statistical analysis by mathematical statistics and calculates the highest outdoor temperature, the lowest indoor air temperature and the highest ceiling temperature according to the meteorological grade index of agricultural facilities’ low temperature chilling damage, low temperature and other meteorological elements of grade indicators, analysis of greenhouse production trend of greenhouse climate change, and to discuss the relationship between temperature inside and outside the greenhouse and the facility microclimate conditions in agricultural cold weather disastrous and early warning services. The results showed that in the 21st century, the number of days with low temperature of ≤-20°C increased significantly compared with those in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. The risk of low temperature chilling injury in facility agriculture in Shenyang was dominated by mild and moderate low temperature risk. Shenyang low temperature cold damage warning services standards to reduce the impact of chilling injury on agricultural facilities and development.

关键词： Agricultural facilities Microclimate Observation Low-Temperature Chilling Injury Early Warning Service

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Survey of <i>C. difficile</i>-Specific Infection Control Policies in Local Long-Term Care facilities

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2014年第7期5卷 414-419页

作者： Laurie Archbald-Pannone Department of Internal Medicine Division of General Medicine Geriatrics and Palliative Care Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health University of Virginia Charlottesville USA

Introduction: The incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has been increasing and long-term care facility (LTCF) residents are at high risk given their age, co-morbidities, and high antibiotic exposure. Infection control policies are crucial for controlling CDI, but there are currently no regulatory guidelines in the United States. Therefore, we evaluated infection control policies in local LTCFs to define the CDI-specific policies and the administrative and staff understanding of CDI, so as to identify perceived barriers for compliance. Methods: IRB approval was sought and exemption granted, all 8 local LTCFs were asked to participate. Each facility was visited by study personnel who interviewed the administrative Infection Control Practitioner (ICP) and 3-4 Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs) with distinct survey format. Infection control policies were then compared to the SHEA recommendations for CDI in LTCFs. Results: Of the eligible facilities, 75% (n = 6) participated. ICP (n = 6) and LPNs (n = 21) were interviewed. All facilities accept residents with active CDI and 2 had written CDI-specific infection control policies. All facilities had hand hygiene or glove use policies and 2 had policies for the use of sporicidal environmental cleaning. No facility restricted antibiotic use. Each facility has a policy to instruct their staff through in-services, either annually or upon new hire, but 33% (n = 7) LPNs reported no facility-based CDI training. While 80% (n = 17) of LPNs felt comfortable with the facility CDI policies, only 11 accurately restated it. ICPs felt the most relevant barrier to staff compliance was time constraints (n = 4, 67%), however, LPNs felt it was limited knowledge (n = 10, 48%) and poor communication (n = 2, 10%). Discussion and Conclusions: With the increasing incidence and severity of CDI in LCTF, few of the facilities surveyed had CDI-specific policies. Despite CDI-specific training, there is a perceived knowledge and

关键词： Clostridium difficile Infection Infection Control Policies Long-Term Care facilities

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Health facilities Affected by Flood Simulation to a District in Malaysia

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2014年第4期4卷 119-124页

作者： Hazrin Hasim Tahir Aris Fadhli Yusof Institute for Public Health Ministry of Health Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Objective: The Ministry of Health Malaysia is developing a GIS database of health facilities in the country with the main aim to assist in the planning and development of the services, and in allocation of resources. Methodology: Apart from coordinates of the facilities, other digital information such as states and districts boundaries, main road networks and river were obtained from MacGDI, a centre responsible to manage geospatial data infrastructure in Malaysia. In assisting the Ministry of Health in its planning, one of the analyses that were conducted was a flood simulation analysis in a district in a coastal area of Peninsular Malaysia. This was done following a possibility that a tropical storm “Sonamu” would happen in that area. The objective was to identify health facilities that would be affected if a flood were to happen in the district and finally to assist the Ministry of Health in their emergency plan. Data on contour was obtain from a relevant government agency and was also mapped digitally. Results: The results were showing that with one metre depth of flood, more than half of the facilities would be affected and about two third of the facilities would be affected if the flood level rises to 2.5 metres. Conclusion: Application of GIS is very useful for the health sector in planning of facing an environmental related disaster.

关键词： Flood Simulation GIS Health facilities Ministry of Health Malaysia

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Patients’ Perception and Satisfaction with Waiting Time, and facilities Available in a State Teaching Hospital Eye Clinic, Southeast, Nigeria

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Health 2023年第6期15卷 544-568页

作者： Nkiruka N. Okoloagu Edmund O. Ndibuagu Department of Ophthalmology College of Medicine Enugu State University of Science & Technology (ESUT) and ESUT Teaching Hospital Parklane Nigeria Esucom Health Care Delivery Research Initiative College of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology Enugu Nigeria Department of Community Medicine College of Medicine Enugu State University of Science & Technology (ESUT) and ESUT Teaching Hospital Parklane Nigeria

Patients’ satisfaction with waiting time and the facilities in eye clinics is an important indication of the patients’ assessment of the quality of service in the eye clinic. In this study, waiting time was defined as time spent from arrival to time when the patient is seen by a doctor. Some factors that affect patients’ waiting time in health clinics include: healthcare setting, availability of adequate resources and personnel, efficient deployment of available resources and competence of healthcare workers, and punctuality of healthcare workers. The physical environment, comfort of patients, and level of infrastructure in the hospital also influence patients’ satisfaction. This observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among patients that attended an eye care clinic, in a tertiary hospital, and 348 respondents were interviewed. Most of the respondents were aged 40 years and above (64.4%), females (63.5%), Igbos by tribe (94.8%), married (63.2%), Christians (96.6%), and had at least a secondary level of education (78.4%). Most perceived waiting time as being very long or long (60.1%), and only 48.8 were satisfied or very satisfied with the waiting time. Most also perceived the cleanliness of the eye clinic as being clean or very clean (85.0%), and 70.7% perceived the ventilation as being adequate or very adequate. The majority reported that a health talk was given (71.6%), and 62.7% were satisfied or very satisfied with the talk. More respondents (46.8%) perceived the waiting space as very inadequate or inadequate, as against 43.4% that perceived it as adequate or very adequate. More reported that prescribed drugs were completely unavailable or few available (48.0%), while 42.3% reported drugs as being reasonably or completely available. It is important that management of health facilities that offer eye care services, work towards improving patients’ perception and satisfaction with services provided in the eye clinics.

关键词： Patients Perception Satisfaction Time facilities

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Cutting Techniques for facilities Dismantling in Decommissioning Projects

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2016年第9期10卷 513-521页

作者： Paulo E. O. Lainetti Nuclear and Energetic Research Institute(IPEN-CNEN/SP) Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2242 Sao Paulo/SP. CEP 05508-000 Brazil

Fuel cycle related activities were accomplished in IPEN-CNEN/SP in laboratory and pilot plant scale and most facilities were built in the 70-80 years. Nevertheless, radical changes of the Brazilian nuclear policy in the beginning of 90＇s determined the interruption of several fuel cycle activities and facilities shutdown. Some laboratory and pilot plant decommissioning activities have been performed in IPEN in the last years. During the operational activities in the decommissioning of old nuclear fuel cycle facilities, the personnel involved in the task had to face several problems. In old facilities, the need of large components dismantling and material removal use to present some difficulties, such as lack of available and near electricity supply. Besides this, the spread out of the superficial contamination in the form of dust or aerosols and the exposure of workers should be as much as possible avoided. Then, the selection and availability of suitable tools for the task, mainly those employed for cutting and segmentation of different materials is of significant importance. Slight hand tools, mainly those powered by rechargeable batteries, facilitate the work, especially in areas where the access is difficult. Based on the experience in the dismantling of some old nuclear facilities of IPEN-CNEN/SP, some tools that would have facilitated the operations were identified and their availability could have improved the quality and efficiency of different individual tasks. In this paper, different cutting problems and techniques, as well as some available commercial hand tools, are presented as suggestion for future activities.

关键词： Nuclear facilities decommissioning dismantling cutting techniques tools.

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A Discussion on the Phenomenon of Non-Dependency of Community facilities and Its Planning Countermeasures

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China City Planning Review 2011年第1期20卷 41-48页

作者： XU Xin,YU Wenbo,YANG Yuren

The dependency of community facilities is a concept in contrast to concentration and *** is not only a primary principle for the operation of community facilities,but also an important manifestation of the humanistic and social values of a *** this paper,the authors outline the phenomenon of non-dependency of community facilities in China,analyze its possible causes,and then put forward the primary principles for the construction of dependent community facilities,as well as the supply modes and planning countermeasures.

关键词： community facilities sociality community participa

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Modeling the Parking Pricing of Multiple Parking facilities under Different Operation Regimes

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2012年第3期2卷 260-266页

作者： Fan Wenbo Muhammad Babar Khan National Institute of Transportation School of Civil & Environmental Engineering National University of Sciences & Technology Sector H-12 Islamabad Pakistan School of Transportation & Logistics Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China

To explore the parking pricing of multiple parking facilities, this paper proposes a bi-level programming model, in which the interactions between parking operators and travelers are explicitly considered. The upper-level sub-model simulates the price decision-making behaviors of the parking operators whose objectives may vary under different operation regimes, such as monopoly market, oligopoly competition, and social optimum. The lower level represents a network equilibrium model that simulates how travelers choose modes, routes, and parking facilities. The proposed model is solved by a sensitivity based algorithm, and applied to a numerical experiment, in which three types of parking facilities are studied, i.e., the off-road parking lot, the curb parking lot, and the parking-and-ride (P&R) facility. The results show in oligopoly market that the level of parking price reaches the lowest point, nonetheless the social welfare decreases to the lowest simultaneously;and the share of P&R mode goes to the highest value, however the total network costs rise also to the highest. While the monopoly market and the social optimum regimes result in solutions of which P&R facilities suffer negative profits and have to be subsidized.

关键词： Parking Pricing Operation Regimes Bi-Level Programming Multiple Parking facilities Network Equilibrium

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