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Vitreoretinal surgical training-assessment of simulation,models,and rubrics-a narrative review

Annals of eye Science 2022年第2期7卷 74-79页

作者： Sidharth Puri Mitul C.Mehta University of California Irvine IrvineCAUSA

Background and Objective:Vitreoretinal surgery requires fine micro-surgical training and handling of delicate *** aid in the training of residents and fellows,unique educational modalities exist to help facilitate the development of these microsurgical *** virtual simulators to artificial eye models,simulation of the posterior segment has gained an increased focus in vitreoretinal surgical training *** of surgical curricula for vitreoretinal training and attainment of surgical milestones has been a key component in integrating these educational training *** will explore various simulators,eye models,and potential rubrics and discuss unique ways each may help and complement one another to train future vitreoretinal ***:We conducted a systematic PubMed search of various review studies(from publications in English ranging from January 1978 to December 2020)discussing surgical simulators,eye models,and surgical rubrics for vitreoretinal surgery and their potential impacts upon *** Contents and Findings:Our review assesses the benefits and applicability of various simulators,eye models,and surgical rubrics upon ***:Utilization of vitreoretinal surgical training tools may aid in complementing the hands-on surgical training experience for vitreoretinal surgical *** using simulators and rubrics,we may better be able to standardize training for reaching vitreoretinal surgical milestones and providing adequate feedback to improve surgical competency and ultimately patient outcomes.

关键词： Vitreoretinal surgery retina virtual simulator eye model rubrics

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Correction-free remotely scanned two-photon in vivo mouse retinal imaging

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Light(Science & Applications) 2016年第1期5卷 882-890页

作者： Adi Schejter Bar-Noam Nairouz Farah Shy Shoham Faculty of Biomedical Engineering Technion–Israel Institute of TechnologyKiryat HaTechnionHaifa 32000Israel

Non-invasive fluorescence retinal imaging in small animals is an important requirement for an array of translational vision *** in vivo two-photon imaging of the mouse retina may enable the long-term investigation of the structure and function of healthy and diseased retinal ***,to date,this has only been possible using relatively complex adaptive-optics ***,the optical modeling of the murine eye and of the imaging system is used to achieve correction-free two-photon microscopy through the pupil of a mouse eye to yield high-quality,optically sectioned fundus *** remotely scanning the focus using an electronically tunable lens,high-resolution three-dimensional fluorescein angiograms and cellular-scale images are acquired,thus introducing a correction-free baseline performance level for two-photon in vivo retinal ***,the system enables functional calcium imaging of repeated retinal responses to light stimulation using the genetically encoded indicator,*** results and the simplicity of the new add-on optics are an important step toward several structural,functional,and multimodal imaging applications that will benefit from the tight optical sectioning and the use of near-infrared light.

关键词： angiography eye model functional calcium imaging in vivo optogenetics two-photon microscopy

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modelling ocular ageing in adults with well-controlled type I diabetes

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Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research 2022年第2期2卷 11-17页

作者： Jos J.Rozema Adnan Khan David A.Atchison Visual Optics Lab Antwerp(VOLANTIS) Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesAntwerp UniversityWilrijkBelgium Department of Ophthalmology Antwerp University HospitalEdegemBelgium Research Division Weill Cornell Medicine-QatarDohaQatar Faculty of Health Sciences Khyber Medical UniversityPeshawarPakistan Centre for Vision and eye Research Queensland University of TechnologyKelvin GroveAustralia

Purpose:To develop a paraxial eye model based on a previously collected cohort of adults with well-controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus(DM1)and a limited range of refractive ***:The study used the previously published biometric data of 72 participants(Age:41.512.4 years)with *** included objective refraction,anterior and posterior corneal radii of curvatures,and internal ***,phakometry was used to determine the lens radii of curvature and lens equivalent indices,from which the lens powers were calculated.A multivariate linear regression was performed for each biometric parameter with respect to current age(Age),the time since the onset of diabetes(Tdb),and current levels of glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c).The vitreous chamber depth was determined from other distances,and lens equivalent index was chosen to balance the *** were compared with an existing model for nondiabetic ***:Some dependent parameters were not affected by the independent variables(spherical equivalent,anterior corneal radius of curvature,central corneal thickness),some were affected by time since onset(the lens radii of curvatures,anterior chamber depth)and others were affected by both age and time since onset(posterior corneal radius of curvature,lens thickness,axial length).None of the dependent parameters were affected by current levels of ***:The proposed model accurately describes the age-related changes in the eyes of people with *** this description the age of diabetes onset plays an important role,especially if the diabetes onset occurred during childhood.

关键词： Diabetes eye model Refractive error

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