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An update on microbiological causes of canine otitis externa in Campania Region,Italy

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第5期6卷 384-389页

作者： Luisa De Martino Francesca Paola Nocera Karina Mallardo Sandra Nizza Eleonora Masturzo Filomena Fiorito Giuseppe Iovane Piergiorgio Catalanotti Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production University of Naples "Federico II" Department of Experimental Medicine Second University of Naples

Objective: To update the recent knowledge of the microbiological causes of canine otitis externa in Campania Region(Italy) and the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolated strains.Methods: A total of 122 dogs were examined by otoscopy, and auricular swab samples were collected from both ears in 74 dogs presenting clinical bilateral otitis and from single ears in 48 dogs displaying clinical unilateral otitis. Cytological examination,bacteriological analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed.Results: Thirty-one out of 122 dogs were positive for yeast species(25.4%, 95% confidence interval(CI): 18.2%–34.2%) with a higher prevalence of Malassezia pachydermatis(21/31 isolates, 67.7%, CI: 48.5%–82.7%), and a total of 91 out of 122 dogs were positive for bacterial species(74.6%; CI: 65.8%–81.8%) with a higher prevalence of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius(45/143 isolates, 31.5%, CI: 24.1%–39.8%). These results are the first description of Streptococcus agalactiae-associated otitis. The yeasts isolated showed high levels of susceptibility to all antifungal agents tested; on the contrary all the isolated bacterial strains were highly resistant to at least four out of ten antimicrobial classes. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria showed high resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate and kanamycin hence they are not recommended as initial empirical therapy for the otitis treatment.Conclusions: This update illustrates an increase in antibiotic resistances providing an insight into the current knowledge of the therapeutic procedures followed on canine otitis externa in Italy. It also emphasizes the importance of considering the results of the microbiological and sensitivity tests to decide on an appropriate antibiotic therapy.

关键词： Canine otitis externa Malassezia pachydermatis Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Antimicrobial resistance

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Human ophthalmomyiasis externa caused by the sheep botfly Oestrus ovis:a case report from Karachi,Pakistan

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014年第10期4卷 835-837页

作者： Naima Fasih Kanza Noor Qaiser Syeda Aisha Bokhari Bushra Jamil Mohammad Asim Beg Department of Pathology and Microbiology Aga Khan University HospitalKarachiPakistan Medical student Aga Khan University HospitalKarachiPakistan Department of Ophthalmology Bismillah Taqi HospitalKarachiPakistan Department of Medicine Aga Khan University HospitalKarachiPakistan

Ocular myiasis due to Oestrus ovis larvae infestation is an eye infection in humans.A case of ophthalmomyiasis externa in a young male from Karachi,Pakistan in winter(December 2012),without history of close proximity to domestic animals or visit to any rural area was reported.The condition is self-limiting and the disease is confined to the conjunctiva.The eye was locally anesthetized and washed with 5%povidine iodine solution.A total number of 27 first instar larvae of Oestrus ovis were removed with fine forceps.The patient received 0.5%moxifloxacin and diclofenac eye drops for one week.His eye was examined after one day,one week and one month and the recovery status was favorable.The present case raise the awareness among ophthalmologists regarding larval conjunctivitis as one of the causes of conjunctivitis and it can occur throughout the year in any season including winter.Moreover,it can occurr in any area either rural or urban with or without close proximity to domestic animals especially in subtropical regions with high parasitic burden.

关键词： Ophthalmomyiasis externa Oestrus ovis Pakistan Eye infections

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Microbiology of discharging ears in Ethiopia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第1期2卷 60-67页

作者： Getachew Tesfaye Daniel Asrat Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel Messele Gizaw Department of Microbiology Immunoloyg&ParasitologyFaculty of MedicineAddis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box.9086Addis AbabaEthiopia St.Paul's Hospital Addis AbabaEthiopia

Objectives:To isolate and identify the bacterial etiologic agents,including their antibiotic susceptibility pattern isolated from patients with discharging ear infections.Methods:Between September 2006 and February 2007,178 patients with discharging ear visiting ENT clinics of St.Paul and Tikur Anbessa University Hospitals Addis Ababa,Ethiopia were investigated.Results:Of the patients investigated,52.8%were males and 47.2%were females resulting in an overall male to female ratio of 1.1:1.Ear discharge was the commonest clinical finding followed by hearing problem(91.2%),otalgia(ear pain)(74.7%),fever(17.9%) and itching of external ear(5.1%).S.aureus accounted for 30.2%of the total isolates followed by Proteus ssp. (P.mirabilis,P.vulgaris)(25.4%),and P.aeruginosa(13.4%).Both gram positive and negative bacteria isolated from ear infections showed low resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested.Overall ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin were the most effective drugs when compared to other drugs tested against the grampositive and gram-negative bacteria.Conclusion:Otitis media was the most common clinical finding in patients with ear infection.With discharging ear,the gram-negative bacteria were the predominant isolates.The susceptibility pattern of isolates from the study showed that ceftriaxone,ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were the most effective drugs.It is recommended that treatment of ear infections should be based on culture and sensitivity at the study sites.Therefore,efforts should be directed towards early diagnosis and treatment of acute ear infection and continued re-evaluation of the resistant patterns of organisms to optimize treatments and reduce complications.

关键词： Otitis externa Otitis media Bacterial etiologic agents Antibiotic susceptibility pattern Ethiopia

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Field Comparison of the Impact of Different Treatment Durations in the Treatment of Acute Otitis externa

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2013年第6期3卷 289-296页

作者： Erik Grandemange Florence Pillet Olivier Roy Frédérique Woehrlé Vétoquinol Research Centre Lure Cedex France

Background: Acute otitis externa is a common multi-factorial disorder in the dog. Several topical preparations are available on the veterinary market, which are licensed for an either specified duration of treatment or for a discretionary period that is determined by the clinician. Objectives: To compare the efficacy of two topical products, both licensed for the treatment of otitis externa in the dog, but with different treatment durations. Animal Population: One hundred and sixty dogs were enrolled in this multicentre field study from which 157 dogs were analysed in the Per Protocol sample (73 Aurizon?treated animals and 84 Easotic?treated animals). Method: Dogs were randomly assigned to Aurizon?or Easotic?treatment groups. Aurizon?(Vétoquinol SA: marbofloxacin, clotrimazole, dexamethasone) was administered daily in the affected ear(s) for 7 or 14 days, and was compared with a daily administration of Easotic?(Virbac SAS: gentamicin, miconazole, hydrocortisone aceponate) for 5 days. General and localised clinical signs were scored on days 0 (D0), 3 (D3), 7 (D7), 14 (D14) and 21 (D21). Results: Clinical cure rates at the end of treatment were 56.3% and 48.8% (p=0.35) in the Aurizon?and Easotic?groups respectively and 81.2% versus 74.7% one week after completing the course of treatment (p = 0.34). Twenty-one days after initially presenting for the study, cure rates were 84.3% in the Aurizon?group and 73.8% in the Easotic?(p=0.12). A relationship between severity of clinical signs and treatment duration was observed. Conclusion and Clinical Significance: At the end of the trial period, cure rates showed a tendency to be higher in the Aurizon?treated animals. The flexible dosage and the veterinary monitoring permitted treatment duration to be adjusted based upon the severity of otitis externa thus increasing the likelihood of clinical cure.

关键词： Acute Otitis externa Topical Ear Treatment Efficacy Field Clinical Trial

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Prevalence of Ear Disorders at Rabak City, White Nile Province, Sudan, 2017

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2018年第6期7卷 375-387页

作者： Mujtaba Alrayah Unit of Otolaryngology Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Al-Baha University Al Bahah Saudi Arabia

Background: Residence to industrial areas was associated with increased risk of health problems. Lacks of epidemiological data of ear disorders were noticed among Sudanese. Objectives: This study was set out to determine the prevalence of preventable ear disorders in Rabak city, White Nile province in Sudan. Methods: A well-structured open-ended (pro forma) questionnaire was used to screen 300 participants who suffered of ear, nose and throat (ENT) complaints in the industrial area of Rabak city. Ear examinations for participants complaining of ear disorders were conducted using illuminated and pneumatic otoscope, tuning fork and pure tone audiometry. Diagnosis, risk factors and therapeutic outcomes were evaluated. Data were analyzed statistically and manipulated in a suitable manner. Results: Of total (n = 300), only (n = 186) fit the study criteria. About 85 (28.6%) of participants aged 20 - 40 years old, whilst most 99 (33%) lived at urban-industrial part of the city. The participants who were not working 131 (43.6%) and those with basic level of education were 134 (44.6%). Otitis externa was prevalent in 50 (26.9%) of our participants. Around 44 (23.6%) were suffering of chronic otitis media and 40 (21.4%) were suffering of otitis media with effusion. Acute otitis media was detected in 27 (14.3%). Ear wax was detected in 13 (7.1%), and foreign bodies were found in 12 (6.6%) of the study population. Smoking was commonest amongst participants with otitis externa. Our results revealed that the preferred treatment modality was medical treatment and follow-up the participants which resulted in good outcome. Conclusion: Preventable ear diseases represent a significant health problem among participants of Rabak city. Amongst the ear problems, the incidence of otitis media and otitis externa due to industrial pollution was reported to be high. Creating comprehensive health education about the common ear disorders in this community can help reduce the prevalence of these conditions and is highly recommended.

关键词： Ear Disorders Sudanese Otitis Media Otitis externa Industrial Area

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Characterization of the Ear Canal Bacterial Flora Present in Hearing Aids (HA) Wearing Subjects

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Advances in Microbiology 2019年第7期9卷 616-628页

作者： Marta Aleandri Cecilia Ambrosi Maria Stefania Lepanto Antonietta Lucia Conte Massimiliano Marazzato Catia Longhi Mauro Nicoletti Carlo Zagaglia Paola Goldoni Francesco Bussu Roberta Anzivino Roberto Gallus Maria Pina Battista Maria Pia Conte Anna Teresa Palamara Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases “Sapienza” University of Rome Rome Italy Dani Di Giò Foundation-Onlus Rome Italy Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences University “G. D’Annunzio” Chieti Italy Institute of Otolaryngology “Cattolica del Sacro Cuore” University Agostino Gemelli Polyclinic Rome Italy Otolaryngology Mater Olbia Hospital Olbia Italy Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases “Sapienza” University of Rome Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation Rome Italy San Raffaele Pisana IRCCS Telematic University Rome Italy

The use of hearing aids (HA) is considered a predisposing factor for ear microbial infections. We undertook this study to compare the presence and nature of the microbial flora inhabiting of ears of HA and non-HA (nHA) users. Swab samples of the ears of HA and nHA users were collected from the Institute of Otolaryngology, “Cattolica del Sacro Cuore” University “Agostino Gemelli”, Rome, Italy. Swab samples were taken from the ear canal of 57 HA and 33 nHA users. The components of the microbial flora present on each swab sample were identified and characterized at the level of species. A total of 41 different bacterial species were identified. A statistically significant prevalence of polymicrobial communities was found in ears presenting signs of inflammation (2.5 ± 1.7 vs 2.1 ± 1.3;P = 0.02) and in HA users (2.3 ± 1.2 vs 1.7 ± 1.0;P = 0.002). Few putative pathogens were detected. Candida albicans spp. was not isolated in our study. A small number of swab samples presented no microbial growth. Bacterial species isolated from HA users with and without inflammation were assayed for the ability to form biofilm. Among gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, S. aureus, CoNS, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae were found to be strong biofilm producers. S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, isolated only from the ears of HA and nHA users presenting signs of inflammation, were further analyzed for their antibiotic-resistance profile and characterized by the Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) assay. The highest rates of antibacterial resistance were in S. aureus to penicillin (75.5%) and in P. aeruginosa, to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, ertapenem, tigecycline and trime-thoprim-sulfamethoxazole (100%). Moreover, three S. aureus strains (37.5%) were methicillin-resistant (MRSA). Of the eight S. aureus isolates, we identified six sequence types (ST) indicating that 75% are likely independent clones. For what it concerned P. aeruginosa, six different STs were assigned. Interestingly, two out of the six strains presented newly

关键词： Ear Bacterial Flora Hearing Aids Acute Otitis externa

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Cytological Features of the Normal Ear Canal of Wild Jackals (<i>Canis aureus</i>) and Domesticated Dogs (<i>C. domesticus</i>)

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2012年第2期2卷 84-87页

作者： Gila Zur Roni King Tali Bdolah-Abram Nature and Parks Authority Jerusalem Israel Veterinary Teaching Hospital Koret School of Veterinary Medicine The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel

This is the first reported study in which various cytological and microbial components of the ear canal of wild jackals (Canis aureus) were examined and compared with those of domesticated dogs (C. domesticus). It is proposed that the differences between them might be attributable to domestication. The normal cytology of the jackals' ears includes cerumen, keratinous debris, coccoid bacteria and yeast-like organisms similar to domesticated dogs, but the frequencies of these findings differed significantly between the two species. In the jackals the incidences of ceruminous debris and yeasts were significantly lower (p p = 0.004 respectively), while keratinous debris and coccoid bacteria were significantly higher (p < 0.001). During domestication some changes have probably occurred in the dogs' lifestyle that predisposed them to the growth of yeasts in their ears but less to bacterial growth. It is possible that the higher numbers of bacteria might be a result of environmental contamination, because some of the jackals lived near urban centers and feed on garbage.

关键词： Canine Golden Jackal Otitis externa Cocci Yeast

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