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Emerging Contaminants 2022年第1期8卷 83-89页

作者： Saisha Kowlaser Irene Barnhoorn Ina Wagenaar Department of Zoology University of JohannesburgAuckland ParkSouth Africa Department of Biological Sciences University of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa

Efavirenz is an antiretroviral drug(ARV)used for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV/AIDS)infections.The effects efavirenz may have on mammals is known,however,little is known about the effects on non-target aquatic organisms,especially on growth and development of fish.Adult Oreochromis mossambicus were bred to produce newly fertilised eggs.These eggs were exposed to efavirenz using two concentrations(10.3 ng/L and 20.6 ng/L)over 60 days growth period.The growing juveniles were kept in a static renewal system under controlled laboratory conditions(27±1℃;day:night photoperiod of 14:10)to simulate an optimal growth environment similar to summer.The endpoints included changes in growth,growth rates and morphological development based on exposure to efavirenz.After morphological analyses were done at(i)1-day post hatching,(ii)approximately two weeks post hatching,(iii)30 days post hatching and(iv)60 days post hatching abnormalities were reported.Efavirenz had no noticeable effect on length and weight,or growth parameters of the juveniles at all stages.Efavirenz however,influenced the morphological development of the juveniles by causing physical abnormalities(p>0.05).Abnormalities included spinal deformities and alterations to the shape of the jaws.

关键词： exposed juvenile alterations

An analytical solution for evaluating the safety of an exposed face in a paste backfill stope incorporating the arching phenomenon

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2019年第10期26卷 1206-1216页

作者： Xu Zhao Andy Fourie Chong-chong Qi School of Civil Environmental and Mining EngineeringUniversity of Western AustraliaPerth 6009Australia School of Resources and Safety Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

In current underground mining, the stability of the exposed backfill face is a basic issue associated with mining design and has been the subject of considerable research in mining safety and efficiency. In this study, an improved analytical solution for evaluating the safety of vertically exposed faces in backfilling was proposed. Based on a differential slice method, the proposed solution emphasizes the arching effect as having the advantages of more rigor and wider scalability. Feasibility of the proposed solution was validated with classic centrifuge results. Good agreement between compared results indicated that the proposed solution skillfully predicts the behavior of the paste centrifuge model. Additionally, calculation of exposed face safety in sequential filling was presented. The proposed solution has practical significance in mine backfill design.

关键词： mine safety cemented paste backfill exposed face arching sequential filling

Treating aplasia cutis congenita in a newborn with the combination of ionic silver dressing and moist exposed burn ointment: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第17期7卷 2611-2616页

作者： Guo-Feng Lei Jun-Ping Zhang Xiao-Bing Wang Xiao-Li You Jin-Ya Gao Xiao-Mei Li Mei-Ling Chen Xiu-Qin Ning Jiang-Li Sun Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Sanmenxia Central HospitalSanmenxia 472000Henan ProvinceChina Department of Intensive Care Unit Sanmenxia Central HospitalSanmenxia 472000Henan ProvinceChina Reproductive endocrine center Sanmenxia Central HospitalSanmenxia 472000Henan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) in newborns is a condition in which congenital defects or hypoplasia is present in part of the epidermis,dermis and even subcutaneous tissue (including muscle and bones).First reported by Cordon in 1767,ACC is a rare disease with a low incidence of 1/100000 to 3/10000.Currently,there are 500 cases reported worldwide.ACC can be accompanied by other malformations.The onset mechanism of the disease remains unknown but is thought to be correlated to factors such as genetics,narrow uterus,foetal skin and amniotic membrane adhesion,use of teratogenic drugs in early pregnancy and viral infection.CASE SUMMARY In August 2018,we treated a newborn with ACC on the left lower limbs using a combination of ionic silver dressing and moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO) and achieved a satisfactory treatment outcome.The skin defects were observed on the external genitals and on areas from the left foot to 3/4 of the upper left side.Subcutaneous tissue and blood vessels were observed in the regions with skin defects.The following treatments were provided.First,the wound was rinsed with 0.9% sodium chloride solution followed by disinfection with povidone-iodine twice.And then MEBO was applied to the wound at a thickness of approximately 1 mm.After applying ionic silver dressing,the wound was covered with sterile gauze.The wound dressing was replaced every 2-3 d.At the 4-mo follow-up,the treatment outcome was satisfactory.There was minimal scar tissue formation,and limb function was not impaired.CONCLUSION The combination of ionic silver dressing and MEBO to ACC is helpful.

关键词： Aplasia cutis congenita Newborns Ionic silver dressing Moist exposed burn ointment

Proteomics Study on the Differentially Expressed Proteins in 16HBE Cells exposed to Beryllium Sulfate

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2021年第11期34卷 926-930页

作者： CAI Ying LIU Yan Ping ZHENG Kai LEI Yuan Di WANG Ye XU Xin Yun ZHANG Zhao Hui School of Public Health University of South ChinaHengyang 421001HunanChina Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen 518055GuangdongChina Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards Hengyang 421001HunanChina

Beryllium(Be)is a non-radioactive element with carcinogenic properties,and presents serious occupational and environmental hazards from its resulting toxicants,which could significantly impact the health of the occupa... 详细信息

关键词： element exposed Express

Renormings concerning exposed points and non-smoothness

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Science China Mathematics 2009年第9期52卷 1844-1848页

作者： GARCíA-PACHECO Francisco Javier Department of Mathematics Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station

Intuitively, non-smooth points might look like exposed points. However, in this paper we show that real Banach spaces having dimension greater than or equal to three can be equivalently renormed to obtain non-smooth p... 详细信息

关键词： exposed point smooth point rotund point

Is the immediate use of guided bone regeneration on exposed dental implant threads beneficial?

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2013年第8期3卷 433-439页

作者： Anwar Ramadhan Abdulaziz Ali Hessah Aljiran Kholoud Hasan John Madda Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Al-Amiri Hospital Kuwait City Kuwait Department of Pathology Al-Amiri Hospital Center Kuwait City Kuwait

Thin buccal bone has a risk of thread exposure, and placement of a graft is the mainline of treatment for thread exposure. However, this process takes time as the patient is expected to wait for healing to occur before the implant can be placed. To overcome the waiting period, this study views a different method. This study examines the use of guided bone regeneration on the day of implant placement on buccal bone where thread exposure occurs. This process has the advantage of avoiding the patient to go through multiple operations till receiving the final prosthetic treatment, also saving time and money for both the patient and the practitioner.

关键词： GBR Implant Threads exposed

Growth and Development of the HIV exposed Uninfected Children below 5 Years in Developing Countries: Focus on Nutritional Challenges, Mortality and Neurocognitive Function

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第20期5卷 2000-2007页

作者： Patience Kuona Gwendoline Kandawasvika Felicity Gumbo Kusum Nathoo Babill Stray-Pedersen Department of Paediatrics and Child Health College of Health Sciences University of Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwe Division of Women and Children Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway

The future of any population is children. Resource limited settings with a high prevalence of HIV infection notably also have an excessive burden of malnutrition. The advances in prevention of mother to child HIV transmission programmes have led to very effective combination antiretroviral regimens resulting in growing numbers of HIV exposed but uninfected children. The mortality of HIV exposed but uninfected children below 5 years is high in resource limited settings. It is also important to pay particular attention to their longitudinal growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes. In these settings, the contribution of feeding practices, choice of complementary foods and micronutrient deficiencies, to health outcomes of HIV exposed uninfected children are not clearly defined. This review highlights some gaps in research that need to be addressed in areas with increasing numbers of HIV exposed but uninfected children. Interventions to reduce mortality, improve growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes in HIV exposed uninfected children from resource limited areas should be prioritized.

关键词： HIV exposed Uninfected Under-Nutrition Neurocognitive Mortality Micronutrients

Strategies for Good Retention Rates in HIV exposed Sero-Negatives (HESN) Individuals: Important Consideration for HIV Biomedical Prevention Trials in Nigeria

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World Journal of AIDS 2018年第4期8卷 160-176页

作者： Evaezi Okpokoro Sophia Osawe Stephen Umaru Lincoln Egbo Felicia Okolo Pam Datong Alash’le Abimiku Institute of Human Virology Abuja Nigeria Plateau State Human Virology Research Centre Jos Nigeria Institute of Human Virology School of Medicine University of Maryland Baltimore USA

Background: Retention in clinical trials is critical for the accumulation of data over time and retaining enough power for comprehensive analysis. We document for the first time the retention rates and factors associated with retention among a cohort of HIV exposed seronegative (HESN) person in a discordant relationship. Understanding these factors will provide valuable cues for maintaining high retention rates in future HIV biomedical prevention studies in this cohort. Aim: We aimed to document retention rates and associated factors relevant in conducting future HIV prevention studies using a cohort of HIV exposed sero-negative individuals. Method: We conducted a prospective cohort study to enroll HESN persons in discordant relationship based on established inclusion criteria that includes: Established sero-discordance with at least 3 months in the relationship;above 18 years and willingness to be followed up. Relevant ethical approvals were obtained. Following informed consent at enrollment, standardized questionnaires on risk behavior and factors that may affect retention were administered at enrollment and during the 2 years follow-up. This was spread over 10 follow-up visits to mimic phase a 2b HIV vaccine clinical trial follow up and duration. In addition, clinical examinations were done and samples collected for safety lab during the follow up visits. Estimation of CD4 and viral load was also done for the HIV+ partners of HESN study participants. Results: Six hundred and sixty HESN persons were screened and 534 (81%) enrolled (i.e. month 0) and followed up. There was a decline in retention from 96% at month 1 (visit 1) to 78% at month 24 (Visit 10). Sharpest drop out from the study occurred at month 1 (20%) and month 15 (14%) follow-up visits. Inability to reach study participants, unwillingness of study participants to continue study, and mortality of the HIV+ partners of HESN participants were the commonest reasons for participant study termination. Furthermore, no or low level of formal education, (AOR

关键词： Retention HIV exposed Sero-Negative Prevention Studies Clinical Trials

Comparative Assessment of Zero-Inflated Models with Application to HIV exposed Infants Data

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Open Journal of Statistics 2019年第6期9卷 664-685页

作者： Faith Nekesa Collins Odhiambo Linda Chaba Strathmore Institute of Mathematical Sciences Strathmore University Nairobi Kenya

In a typical Kenyan HIV clinical setting, there is a likelihood of registering many zeros during the routine monthly data collection of new HIV infections among HIV exposed infants (HEI). This is attributed to the implementation of the prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) policies. However, even though the PMTCT policy is implemented uniformly across all public health facilities, implementation naturally differs from every facility due to differential health systems and infrastructure. This leads to structured zero among reported positive HEI (where PMTCT implementation is optimum) and non-structured zero among reported positive HEI (where PMTCT implementation is not optimum). Hence the classical zero-inflated and hurdle models that do not account for the abundance of structured and non-structured zeros in the data can give misleading results. The purpose of this study is to systematically compare performance of the various zero-inflated models with an application to HIV exposed Infants (HEI) in the context of structured and unstructured zeros. We revisit zero-inflated, hurdle models, Poisson and negative binomial count models and conduct the simulations by varying sample size and levels of abundance zeros. Results from simulation study and real data analysis of exposed infant diagnosis show the negative binomial emerging as the best performing model when fitting data with both structured and non-structured zeros under various settings.

关键词： Zero-Inflated Models HIV exposed Infants Structured Zeroes Mother-to-Child Transmission Count Data

Characteristics of Corrosion Product Layer Formed on Weathering Steel exposed to the Tropical Climate of Vietnam

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2013年第7期4卷 6-16页

作者： Le Thi Hong Lien Hoang Lam Hong Institute of Materials Science Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam

The weathering steel (Corten B) was exposed to out-door atmosphere of Hanoi (urban site) and Donghoi (marine site). The results showed the protective ability of corrosion product layer formed on weathering steel in the initial stage. The SEM-EDX analysis detected the presence of chromium and copper in the inner layers of corrosion product formed on weathering steel. These elements improved corrosion resistance of corrosion product layers. In addition, the dense α-FeOOH phase were appeared early in corrosion product which is detected by X-ray diffraction and Micro Raman investigations. The results of polarization and EIS measurements also demonstrated the protectiveness of the corrosion product of weathering steel.

关键词： Weathering Steel Corrosion Product Layer Protectiveness exposed to Inner Layer Outer Layer