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Diagnostic Study of an Extreme explosive cyclone over the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension Region

Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第3期23卷 605-617页

作者： ZHANG Shuqin LIAO Qinghua LIU Chunlei GAO Xiaoyu LONG Jingchao LI Pengyuan XU Jianjun College of Ocean and Meteorology Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China South China Sea Institute of Marine Meteorology Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China CMA-GDOU Joint Laboratory for Marine Meteorology Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China Key Laboratory of Climate Resources and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Sea of Department of Education of Guangdong ProvinceGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Department of Marine Meteorology Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate LaboratoryKey Laboratory of Physical OceanographyOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China

explosive cyclones(ECs)occur frequently over the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension *** most rapidly intensified EC over the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension region during the 42 years(1979-2020)of cold seasons(October-April)was studied to reveal the variations of the key factors at different explosive-developing *** EC had weak low-level baroclinicity,mid-level cyclonic-vorticity advection,and strong low-level water vapor convergence at the initial explosive-developing *** low-level baroclinicity and mid-level cyclonic-vorticity advection increased substantially during the maximum-deepening-rate *** diagnostic analyses using the Zwack-Okossi equation showed that diabatic heating was the main contributor to the initial rapid intensification of this *** cyclonic-vorticity advection and warm-air advection enhanced rapidly in the middle and upper troposphere and contributed to the maximum rapid intensification,whereas the diabatic heating weakened slightly in the mid-low *** relative contribution of the diabatic heating decreased from the initial explosive-developing stage to the maximum-deepening-rate stage due to the enhancement of other factors(the cyclonic-vorticity advection and warm-air advection).Furthermore,the physical factors contributing to this EC varied with the explosive-developing *** non-key factors at the initial explosive-developing stage need attention to forecast the rapid intensification.

关键词： explosive cyclone diabatic heating cyclonic-vorticity advection rapid intensification the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension region

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Diagnostic Analyses and Numerical Modeling of explosive cyclone over Northwestern Pacific on January 11-13,2012

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2022年第4期21卷 935-945页

作者： WANG Guanlan SUN Baitang SUN Yawen LI Pengyuan National Meteorological Center Beijing 100081China College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China

In this paper,we use FNL grid data obtained from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)to analyze an explosive cyclone(EC)that occurred over the northwestern Pacific Ocean from January 11 to 13,*** simulate the EC,we used the Weather Research and Forecasting model(WRFV3.5).The cyclone outbreak occurred east of Japan from January 11 to 12 and weakened near the Kamchatka Peninsula on January *** analysis results show a distinct frontal structure,in which the high potential vorticity(PV)of the upper troposphere extends downward to the surface,which can facilitate EC development.A low-level jet stream develops with the EC,which can lead to more distinct *** results of sea surface temperature(SST)sensitivity tests suggest that changes in the SST can affect cyclone intensity,but have little effect on its *** small changes are made to the SST,the air pressure at the cyclonic center responds more distinctly to an increased SST than a decreased *** results of our latent heat release test suggest that diabatic heating processes lead to maximum PV values in the lower *** heat is also one of the important factors influencing EC development.

关键词： northwestern Pacific explosive cyclone diagnostic analyses SST sensitivity tests latent heat release test

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The 9–11 November 2013 explosive cyclone over the Japan Sea- Okhotsk Sea: Observations and WRF Modeling Analyses

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2020年第5期19卷 989-1004页

作者： FU Gang JING Miaomiao LI Pengyuan Department of Marine Meteorology Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate LaboratoryKey Laboratory of Physical OceanographyOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Division of Oceanic Dynamics and Climate Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266100China Qingdao Hatran Ocean Intelligence Technology Company Limited Qingdao 266404China

During the period from 9 to 11 November 2013,an explosive cyclone(EC)occurred over the Japan Sea-Okhotsk *** EC initially formed around 18 UTC 9 November over the Japan Sea and developed over the Okhotsk Sea when moving *** had a minimum sea level pressure of 959.0 hPa,a significant deepening rate of central pressure of 2.9 Bergeron,and a maximum instantaneous wind speed of 42.7 m s−*** paper aims to investigate the conditions that contributed to the rapid development of this low-pressure system through analyses of both observations and the Weather Research Forecasting(WRF)modeling *** evolutionary processes of this EC were examined by using Final Analyses(FNL)data,Multi-Functional Transport Satellites-1R(MTSAT-1R)data,upper observation data and surface observation ***-3.5 modeling results were also used to examine the development mechanism of this *** is shown that the interaction between upper-level and low-level potential vorticity seemed to be very essential to the rapid development of this EC.

关键词： explosive cyclone the Japan Sea-Okhotsk Sea observations WRF-3.5 modeling results potential vorticity

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Diagnosis and Numerical Modeling of an explosive cyclone over the Northwestern Pacific

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2021年第4期20卷 837-847页

作者： SUN Baitang LI Pengyuan ZHANG Shuqin GUO Jingtian FU Gang Laixi Meteorological Bureau Qingdao 266622China College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China College of Ocean and Meteorology Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524008China North Marine Forecasting Center Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266100China

An explosive cyclone that took place over the Northwestern Pacific from 12 UTC 18 to 18 UTC 21 November 2007 was *** synoptic situations and structure of this cyclone were documented by using the 1°×1°final analysis data of the National Center for Environmental *** cyclone developed explosively around 18 UTC 19 and reached its maximum deepening rate(MDR,1.3 Bergeron)around 06 UTC 20 November *** its MDR moment,the surface cyclone center was located in the downstream of the upper-level trough and northern entrance zone of the upper-level *** diagnosis using Zwack-Okossi equation suggested that cyclonic-vorticity advection and warm air advection acted to deepen this cyclone,while adiabatic cooling suppressed its *** an investigation of this cyclone development,numerical sensitivity results obtained by using the Weather and Research Forecasting model showed that the latent heat release in the lower level had less contribution,whereas the surface sensible and latent fluxes played important *** a warmer ocean surface,the cyclone tended to *** topography tests were designed to examine the mountain influences on the development of this cyclone:removing a mountain and doubling the height of a *** show that the Changbai Mountains suppressed the development of the cyclone by preventing the southern moisture air from invading the *** the moisture air,no latent heat release occurs when this cyclone passes over the Changbai Mountains.

关键词： explosive cyclone Changbai Mountains Zwack-Okossi equation WRF model

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Characteristics of an explosive cyclone over Northeast China Revealed by Satellite Water Vapor Imagery

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2022年第3期28卷 261-272页

作者： YANG Xiao-liang YAO Xiu-ping YANG Yue YANG Min CHEN Bi-ying Hebei Meteorological Observatory Shijiazhuang 050021 China Hebei Laboratory for Meteorological and Ecoenvironment Shijiazhuang 050021 China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081 China China Meteorological Administration Training Centre Beijing 100081 China Shijiazhuang Meteorological Bureau Shijiazhuang 050081 China Hebei Provincial Meteorological Administrative&Technical Service Center Shijiazhuang 050021 China

In this paper,an explosive cyclone(EC)that occurred over Northeast China in the spring of 2016 is studied by using 6.7μm FY satellite water vapor(WV)imagery and NCEP(1°×1°)reanalysis ***,the evolutions of the upper-level jet stream(ULJ),the vertical motions,and the potential vorticity(PV)are analyzed in *** show that different shapes of the WV image dark zones could reflect different stages of the *** the pre-explosion stage,a small dark zone and an S-shaped baroclinic leaf cloud can be found on the WV *** the dark zone expands and the leaf cloud grows into a comma-shaped cloud at the explosively developing *** the post-explosion stage,the dark zone brightens,and the spiral cloud *** whole process can be well described by the WV *** dynamic dry band associated with the sinking motion and the ULJ can develop into the dry intrusion later,which is an important signal in forecasting the EC and should be paid attention to when analyzing the WV ***,the mechanism is also analyzed in detail in this *** usually occurs in the left-exit region of the 200-h Pa jet and the region ahead of the 500-h Pa trough where there is significant positive vorticity advection(PVA).When the EC moves onto the sea surface,the decreased friction would favour the development of the *** upper-level PVA,the strong convergence at low level,and the divergence at high levels can maintain the strong ***,the high PV zone from the upper levels extends downward,approaching the ***,they keep the cyclone deepening continuously.

关键词： satellite water vapor imagery explosive cyclone dry intrusion physical quantity configuration

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NUMERICAL TEST OF AN EARLY-SUMMER explosive cyclone EVENT IN EAST ASIA

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2000年第3期14卷 347-360页

作者：杨福全 Isamu YAGAI Department of Atmospheric Science.Training Center of the China Meteorological Administration.Beijing 100081.China. NationalResearch Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention.Science and Technology Agency.Japan.305-0006

A series of ten numerical tests are carried out using smoothing techniques in the PSU/NACR mesoscale model MM5 initial field in order to study the development reasons of a pre-summer uncommon explosive event which took place in East Asia from 1—2 *** integration fields are compared with that of original results obtained by non-smoothed initial *** results show that:(1)After the northern trough is smoothed,its corresponding cold air can not move downward and *** a weak cyclone system forms south of 25°N after 24 h integration. (2)After the southern strong moisture transportation channel is smoothed,the northem trough system can only form a weak trough along the east coast of China after 24 h integration.(3)These two separate low trough systems in the southern and northern jet systems,with strong warm moisture transportation channel and cold air respectively,are both necessary for explosive cyclone *** such an unfavorable season and location for explosive cyclone to take place,only after these two low troughs merged into a strong low vortex can the surface cyclone he developed *** the northern trough system and the southern moisture transportation channel are all indispensable for the explosive cyclone *** explosive cyclone event is the result of the interaction of northern and southern systems.

关键词： explosive cyclone smoothing technique northern trough moisture transportation channel

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A　Diagnostic　Study　of　explosive　Development　of　Extratropical　cyclone　over　East　Asia　and　West　Pacific　Ocean

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1994年第3期11卷 251-270页

作者：贾逸勤赵思雄 1. Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China

In this paper, a diagnostic analysis is made for a kind of explosive cyclone ovcr East Asia and the West PacificOcean in cold season, using the level Ⅲ FGGE dataset. The cyclone started developing at 0000 UTC 30 March, 1979.Q vector analysis shows that ageostrophic wind was obvious in cyclone region. The calculation of different kindsof frontogenetical functions indicates that the development of cyclone was closely related to baroclinicity, especially,at lower *** analysis revealed the three-dimensional structure of cyclone development, that is, ascent of southerlywarmer current and descent of northerly colder current existed around the cyclonic center during the developing process of the cyclone and is very favourable to the release of available potential energy and generation of eddy *** only shear component, but also curvature component of upper level jet contributed to the explosive development of the *** computation of convergence of moisture flux demonstrated that the moisture probably came from the tropical ocean. The distribution of water vapor supply in this case was very advantageous to the deepening of cyclone, especially, during the well-developing *** between East Asia Pacific case and North America-Atlantic case (Ogura and Juang, 1990) hasbeen conducted. The common characteristics were that there existed strong baroclinicity in both cases. However, inthe latter case, the latent heat release was of secondary importance and in our case, moisture also played very important role in certain. stages of the cyclogenesis, especially, during well-developing stage when it moved over oceanicsurface.

关键词： explosive cyclone Extratropical disturbance Frontogenesis Isentropi analysis Q vector

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A 38-Year Climatology of explosive cyclones over the Northern Hemisphere

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第2期37卷 143-159页

作者： Gang FU Yawen SUN Jilin SUN Pengyuan LI Department of Marine Meteorology Ocean−Atmosphere Interaction and Climate LaboratoryKey Laboratory of Physical OceanographyOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Division of Oceanic Dynamics and Climate Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266100China North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center Qingdao 266100China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Qingdao 266100China

explosive cyclones(ECs)over two basins in the Northern Hemisphere(20°-90°N)from January 1979 to December2016 are investigated using ERA-Interim and Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature(OISST)*** classical definition of an EC is modified considering not only the rapid drop of the central sea level pressure of the cyclone,but also the strong wind speed at the height of 10 m in which maximum wind speeds greater than 17.2 m s^-1are *** to the locations of the northern Atlantic and northern Pacific,the whole Northern Hemisphere is divided into the"A region"(20°-90°N,90°W-90°E)and"P region"(20°-90°N,90°E-90°W).Over both the A and P regions,the climatological features of ECs,such as their spatial distribution,intensity,seasonal variation,interannual variation,and moving tracks,are documented.

关键词： explosive cyclone Atlantic basin Pacific basin Northern Hemisphere annual climatology seasonal climatology spatial distribution moving track

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Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Variation of explosive cyclones over the North Atlantic

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2018年第5期17卷 1000-1010页

作者： SUN Yawen FU Gang SUN Jilin ZHANG Shuqin College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of China Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography Ocean University of China

Spatial distribution and seasonal variation of explosive cyclones （ECs） over the North Atlantic from October 2000 to September 2016 are investigated using the reanalysis data of Final Analysis （FNL）, Mean Sea Level Pressure （MSLP） and Optimum Interpolation （OI） Sea Surface Temperature （SST） provided by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction （NCEP）, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts （ECMWF） and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration （NOAA）, respectively. Considering the meridional distribution of ECs and 10-m height wind field associated with the ECs, the definition of EC given by Yoshida and Asuma （2004） is modified. It is found that the ECs occurred mainly in four regions during winter season, namely, North America continent （NAC）, the Northwest Atlantic （NWA）, the North-centzal Atlantic （NCA）, and the Northeast Atlantic （NEA）, depending on the spatial distribution of EC＇s maximum deepening rate of central sea level pressure （SLP）. According to the magnitude of maximum deepening rate, the trend of EC numbers basically decrease with the increase of EC＇s maximum deepening rate over the North Atlantic during the whole time period. Over the North Atlantic basin, for monthly statistics, the NEA, NCA, and NWA cyclones occur mainly in December, from December to March, and from January to February, respectively. NWA, NCA and NEA cyclones in winter are associated with low-level barocliincity, both low-level baroclinicity and upper-level forcing and upper-level forcing, respectively. According to monthly variation, the averaged maximum deepening rate of central SLP firstly increases and then decreases from July to June. Overall, the distribution of ECs＇ tracks is basically in the southwest-northeast direction. During winter circulation stage （from October to May）, the averaged maximum deepening rate of central SLP and the averaged minimum central SLP of ECs decrease, and the averaged explosive-deepening duration of ECs shortens fr

关键词： the North Atlantic explosive cyclone spatial distribution seasonal variation

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Statistical Characteristics of Austral Summer cyclones in Southern Ocean

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2012年第2期11卷 118-128页

作者： LIU Na FU Gang KUO Ying-Hwa Department of Marine Meteorology Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100P.R.China National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoseale and Microscale Meteorology DivisionBoulder 80307USA

Characteristics of cyclones and explosively developing cyclones (or 'bombs') over the Southern Ocean in austral summer (December, January and February) from 2004 to 2008 are analyzed by using the Final Analysis (FNL) data produced by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) of the United States. Statistical results show that both cyclones and explosively developing cyclones frequently develop in January, and most of them occur within the latitudinal zone between 55°S and 70°S. These cyclones gradually approach the Antarctic Continent from December to February. Generally cyclones and bombs move east-southeastward with some exceptions of northeastward movement. The lifetime of cyclones is around 2-6 d, and the horizontal scale is about 1000 km. explosive cyclones have the lifetime of about 1 week with the horizontal scale reaching up to 3000 km. Compared with cyclones developed in the Northern Hemisphere, cyclones over the southern ocean have much higher occurrence frequency, lower central pressure and larger horizontal scale, which may be caused by the unique geographical features of the Southern Hemisphere.

关键词： cyclone explosive cyclone Southern Hemisphere lifetime

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