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Earthquake Research in China 1997年第4期11卷 89-96页

作者： Hou Jianjun,Liang Haihua,Zheng Wentao,Dong Wenzhong,and Fan JunxiDepartment of Geology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China

Seismic rupture produced by active faulting causes ground surface fracturing and seriously damages ***,the fracture traces are usually indistinct or non-visible because of complicated deformations in Quaternary unconsolidated materials,so their upper parts can hardly be discovered on exploratory *** aim of this paper is to study the types of fault rupture and displacement in different loose deposit beds from a joint view of mega-,meso-,and microscopic scales,and to find the mark and method for timing the palaeoseismic rupture on exploratory trenches.

关键词： active fault fracturing and displacement exploratory trench unconsolidated material Quaternary period.

Development Process of Intermodal Transport Solutions: The Case of Dedicated Solutions Based on Large Shippers’ Volumes

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2012年第4期2卷 324-333页

作者： Edith Sorkina School of Business Economics and Law University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden

The objective of this paper is to create a process view of the development of intermodal transport solution from the basic idea to implementation. Special case of dedicated solutions based on large shippers’ volumes is chosen, where the shippers engage in the development process of the new solutions. Research is conducted using a qualitative approach: multiple case studies. Empirical data has been obtained through in-depth semi-structured interviews with relevant respondents involved in the development projects. Shippers’ perspective on the development process is studied. Development process can be described through a generic four-stage process: Initiation, Planning, Implementation, and Further Development. Different actors and different resources are required at the different stages. The complex process of establishing new intermodal solutions has lacked attention in the intermodal research. Understanding and improving the development process of new intermodal solutions is considered to have an important effect on the viability of intermodal transport and can help to understand the barriers that prevent companies from switching to intermodal. Development process of new dedicated intermodal solutions is a gradual process of building up the transport solution in a continuous interaction between shippers and transport service providers. Research has focused on the shipper perspective on inter-modal transport, showing that switching to an intermodal transport is not simply a mode choice issue, but involves a transition process that takes time, demands resources, cooperation/coordination between multiple parties, may require changes in the supply chain beyond the transport link, involves multiple actors, and involves an industry that is itself in a process of change.

关键词： Intermodal Transport Case Study Development Process Shipper exploratory Study

Assessing Evidence of Validity for the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 among Adult Latina Women

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Health 2020年第4期12卷 293-304页

作者： Hala Madanat Jessica Hawks Amanda Gonzales Eliana Miranda Eric R. Walsh-Buhi Michelle Takemoto Elinor Gaida School of Public Health San Diego State University Campanile Dr. MC San Diego USA Institute for Behavioral and Community Health San Diego State University Research Foundation San Diego USA San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health San Diego USA Clinical and Translational Science Institute University of California-Los Angeles Los Angeles USA Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington Bloomington IN USA Department of Family Medicine and Public Health University of California San Diego Gilman Drive La Jolla USA.

Introduction/Background: No research has been conducted on the relevance of intuitive eating as a promising strategy for sustainable weight management among Latinas. This study translated Tylka and Kroon Van Diest’s (2013) Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) into Spanish and employed an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to examine evidence of validity. Methods: We recruited Latinas from community venues in South San Diego, California to participate in this cross-sectional study. Inclusion criteria were: at least 18 years of age, monolingual Spanish or bilingual English/Spanish speaker, and self-identified Latina. In total, 150 Latinas completed a structured, face-to-face interview, which included the Spanish IES-2. Data were used in conducting an EFA. Results: Four items were removed for not loading on the initial EFA. Once items were removed, we extracted five factors with Eigenvalues greater than 1, which accounted for almost two-thirds of the variance. Of the four original IES-2 factors, two were retained identically: Reliance on Hunger and Satiety Cues (RHSC) and Body-Food Choice Congruence (B-FCC). The Eating for Physical Rather than Emotional Reasons (EPR) subscale lost one item in the initial EFA, and was not unidimensional, resulting in two separate subscales. Evidence of score reliability was marginal to strong (α = 0.63 - 0.87). Discussion: This study is first to provide evidence of validity and reliability for a Spanish translation of the IES-2. The results suggest that the proposed Spanish IES-2 can be used to study intuitive eating behaviors and attitudes among Latinas. However, further research with larger sample sizes and other diverse populations are suggested.

关键词： Intuitive Eating exploratory Factor Analysis Latina Dieting

A New Algorithm for Generalized Least Squares Factor Analysis with a Majorization Technique

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Open Journal of Statistics 2015年第3期5卷 165-172页

作者： Kohei Adachi Graduate School of Human Sciences Osaka University Osaka Japan

Factor analysis (FA) is a time-honored multivariate analysis procedure for exploring the factors underlying observed variables. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for the generalized least squares (GLS) estimation in FA. In the algorithm, a majorization step and diagonal steps are alternately iterated until convergence is reached, where Kiers and ten Berge’s (1992) majorization technique is used for the former step, and the latter ones are formulated as minimizing simple quadratic functions of diagonal matrices. This procedure is named a majorizing-diagonal (MD) algorithm. In contrast to the existing gradient approaches, differential calculus is not used and only elmentary matrix computations are required in the MD algorithm. A simuation study shows that the proposed MD algorithm recovers parameters better than the existing algorithms.

关键词： exploratory Factor Analysis Generalized Least Squares Estimation Matrix Computations Majorization

Confirmatory Methods, or Huge Samples, Are Required to Obtain Power for the Evaluation of Theories

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Open Journal of Statistics 2014年第9期4卷 710-725页

作者： Irene Klugkist Laura Post Freek Haarhuis Floryt van Wesel Department of Methodology and Statistics Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands Department of Educational Neuroscience Faculty of Psychology and Education VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands Department of Methodology Faculty of Psychology and Education VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands

Experimental studies are usually designed with specific expectations about the results in mind. However, most researchers apply some form of omnibus test to test for any differences, with follow up tests like pairwise comparisons or simple effects analyses for further investigation of the effects. The power to find full support for the theory with such an exploratory approach which is usually based on multiple testing is, however, rather disappointing. With the simulations in this paper we showed that many of the common choices in hypothesis testing led to a severely underpowered form of theory evaluation. Furthermore, some less commonly used approaches were presented and a comparison of results in terms of power to find support for the theory was made. We concluded that confirmatory methods are required in the context of theory evaluation and that the scientific literature would benefit from a clearer distinction between confirmatory and exploratory findings. Also, we emphasis the importance of reporting all tests, significant or not, including the appropriate sample statistics like means and standard deviations. Another recommendation is related to the fact that researchers, when they discuss the conclusions of their own study, seem to underestimate the role of sampling variability. The execution of more replication studies in combination with proper reporting of all results provides insight in between study variability and the amount of chance findings.

关键词： Confirmatory Research exploratory Research Power Theory Evaluation

Study of Work-Travel Related Behavior Using Principal Component Analysis

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Open Journal of Statistics 2014年第11期4卷 889-901页

作者： Cira Souza Pitombo Monique Martins Gomes Department of Transportation Engineering University of S&atilde o Paulo S&atilde o Carlos Brazil

The main objective of this study is to analyze work travel-related behavior through a set of variables relative to socio-economic class, urban environment and travel characteristics. The Principal Component Analysis was applied in a sample consisting of workers of the S?o Paulo Metropolitan Area, based on the origin-destination home interview survey, carried out in 1997, in order to: 1) examine the interdependence between travel patterns and a set of socioeconomic and urban environment variables;2) determine if the original database can be synthetized on components. The results enabled to observe relations between the individual’s socio-economic class and car usage, characteristics of urban environment and destination choices, as well as age and non-motorized travel mode choice. It is then concluded that the database can be adequately summarized in three components for subsequent analysis: 1) urban environment;2) socio-economic class;and 3) family structure.

关键词： Travel Behavior Principal Component Analysis exploratory Analysis

Geographical Analysis of Lung Cancer Mortality Rate and PM2.5 Using Global Annual Average PM2.5 Grids from MODIS and MISR Aerosol Optical Depth

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2017年第6期5卷 183-197页

作者： Zhiyong Hu Ethan Baker Department of Earth & Environmental Studies University of West Florida Pensacola USA

Exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) may increase risk of lung cancer. The repetitive and broad-area coverage of satellites may allow atmospheric remote sensing to offer a unique opportunity to monitor air quality and help fill air pollution data gaps that hinder efforts to study air pollution and protect public health. This geographical study explores if there is an association between PM2.5 and lung cancer mortality rate in the conterminous USA. Lung cancer (ICD-10 codes C34- C34) death count and population at risk by county were extracted for the period from 2001 to 2010 from the U.S. CDC WONDER online database. The 2001-2010 Global Annual Average PM2.5 Grids from MODIS and MISR Aerosol Optical Depth dataset was used to calculate a 10 year average PM2.5 pollution. exploratory spatial data analyses, spatial regression (a spatial lag and a spatial error model), and spatially extended Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov Chain simulation found that there is a significant positive association between lung cancer mortality rate and PM2.5. The association would justify the need of further toxicological investigation of the biological mechanism of the adverse effect of the PM2.5 pollution on lung cancer. The Global Annual Average PM2.5 Grids from MODIS and MISR Aerosol Optical Depth dataset provides a continuous surface of concentrations of PM2.5 and is a useful data source for environmental health research.

关键词： Lung Cancer PM2.5 Remote Sensing GIS exploratory Spatial Data Analysis Spatial Regression Bayesian MCMC Simulation

Torsion of the Spermatic Cord: Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects in the Region of Thies (Senegal)

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2019年第3期7卷 60-70页

作者： Yoro Diallo Johanitha Lionnelle Elonme Alissoutin Saint Charles Kouka Modou Diop N’diaye Mehdi Daher Ramatoulaye Ly Cheikh Diop Seydou Diaw Cheickna Sylla Department of Urology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Thies Thies Senegal

Introduction: The purpose of this work is to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of spermatic cord in our context. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study over a period of 4 years from January 1, 2014 to June 30, 2018. Results: We collected 55 cases divided into 26 cases, 44.27% for the Thies Regional Hospital, 21% or 38.18% for the Mbour EPS and 8 cases representing 14.55% for the Saint Jean de Dieu Hospital. We found an average age of 20.03 years with extremes of 4 years and 56 years. In 28 patients or 50% of cases, we found no particular pathological history, while in 4 patients or 7.14%, we found a notion of recurrent ipsilateral testicular pain. We recorded 67.27% (n = 37) of the cases received for testicular pain;15 patients or 27.27% presented a large painful pouch. Two patients (3.64%) were received for inguinal swelling and 1 patient (1.82%) presented testicular atrophy. The average consultation time is 16.9 hours with extremes of 2 hours and 96 hours. The torsion was in 59.61% of cases (n = 32) located on the right versus 40.38% (n = 22) on the left. There was no bilateral form. The pick-up time was 3 hours with extremes of 1 h to 24 h. All patients benefited from an exploratory scrotomy. We found a total of 22 patients or 40% of cases with ischemic testis, 8 cases or 14.55% of patients with necrotic testis and 2 cases or 3.64% where the testis was normal. Orchidopexy was performed in 46 patients or 83.63% and orchiectomy in 9 patients. Conclusion: Care is urgent. There is a need for better awareness of the population and the medical staff for the early diagnosis.

关键词： Spermatic Cord Torsion Young Subject exploratory Scrotomy Orchiectomy

About the structure of posturography: Sampling duration, parametrization, focus of attention (part II)

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2012年第9期5卷 508-516页

作者： Patric Schubert Marietta Kirchner Dietmar Schmidtbleicher Christian T. Haas Institute of Sport Sciences Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany

There exists a great variety of posturographic parameters which complicates the evaluation of center of pressure (COP) data. Hence, recommendations were given to use a set of complementary parameters to explain most of the variance. However, it is unknown whether a dual task paradigm leads to different parametrization sets. On account of this problem an exploratory factor analysis approach was conducted in a dual task experiment. 16 healthy subjects stood on a force plate performing a posture-cognition dual task (DT, focus of attention on a secondary task) with respect to different sampling durations. The subjects were not aware of being measured in contrast to a baseline task condition (BT, internal focus of attention) in the previously published part I. In compareson to BT a different factor loading pattern appears. In addition, factor loadings are strongly affected by different sampling durations. DT reveals a change of factor loading structure with longer sampling durations compared to BT. Specific recommendations concerning a framework of posturographic parametrization are given.

关键词： Center of Pressure Sample Duration Posturographic Parameters exploratory Factor Analysis Nonlinear Methods Dual-Task Focus of Attention

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The Application of Immersive Experience in Museum Teaching

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Review of Educational Theory 2020年第1期3卷 21-25页

作者： Huiping Luo Jiaqi Liu Hohai University NanjingJiangsu211100China

In recent years,museums have shifted from“things as the core to people as the core”.The people-oriented navigation model has increasingly become the center of the museum’s youth ***,the inherent shortcomings of traditional museum teaching no longer meet the needs of today’s ***,from the perspective of immersive teaching,the author innovates museum *** design of a new museum teaching mode through the integration of the Dick&Carey model and the“learning”-based teaching model is important for the application of immersive teaching in museum education.

关键词： Immersive experience Museum exploratory