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exotic and invasive species compromise the seed bank and seed rain dynamics in forests undergoing restoration at urban regions

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第5期28卷 1019-1026页

作者： Vinícius Londe Hildeberto Caldas de Sousa Alessandra R.Kozovits Graduate Program in Ecology of Tropical Biomes Department of BiodiversityEvolution and EnvironmentFederal University of Ouro Pretocampus Morro do Cruzeiro

The control of exotic and invasive species in areas undergoing recovery is a challenge for ecological restoration and this problem may be even greater in urbanized areas. This study evaluated the seed bank and seed rain of a 5-year-old riparian forest located at the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte in southeast Brazil, and verified changes over time in the abundance and species richness and whether planted species already were providing propagules to the site. At the forest, fifteen parcels of 100 m2 were distributed randomly and soil samples were collected thrice (October 2011, March 2012 and July 2012) to evaluate the seed bank. Seed traps were installed in nine parcels to collect propagules over 1 year. Propagules were segregated and germinate at greenhouse. Species richness and abundance were estimated, and variance and similarity were quantified. In total, 86 species were recorded in the seed banks, 41.9% natives and 33.7% exotics, with the predominance of herbs (87.2%) and only 7% of trees. Species classified as weeds amounted to 52.3%. In the seed rain 642 seedlings germinated but they belonged to only 10 species, half of them were exotics. Regarding life forms, half of the species were arboreal and dominated the samples, highlighting the exotic species Melia azedarach. The species richness of the seed bank did not differ by season, unlike the seed rain which varied significantly by month. Seed bank and seed rain species had a very low floristic similarity with the list of planted species, suggesting that few planted trees had dispersed or were stocking propagules. Many non-planted species were recorded, mostly exotics and/or invasive that were probably derived from the surrounding urban matrix. These might interrupt the successional dynamics of the restoration forest and compromise the restoration process in the medium and long-terms. Our results highlight: (1) the importance of monitoring areas undergoing restoration; (2) that restoration me

关键词： exotic plants Monitoring indicators Restoration ecology Urban forests

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No consistent legacy effects of invasion by giant goldenrod(Solidago gigantea)via soil biota on native plant growth

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第3期9卷 320-327页

作者： Jenifer König Mark van Kleunen Wayne Dawson Department of Biology University of KonstanzUniversitaetsstrasse 10Konstanz D78457Germany

Aims Changes in soil microbial communities after occupation by invasive alien plants can represent legacy effects of invasion that may limit recolonization and establishment of native plant species in soils previously occupied by the *** this study,for three sites in southern Germany,we investigated whether invasion by giant goldenrod(Solidago gigantea)leads to changes in soil biota that result in reduced growth of native plants compared with neighbouring uninvaded *** We grew four native plant species as a community and treated those plants with soil solutions from invaded or uninvaded soils that were sterilized,or live,with live solutions containing different fractions of the soil biota using a decreasing sieve mesh-size *** measured aboveground biomass of the plants in the communities after a 10-week growth *** FindingsAcross all three sites and regardless of invasion,communities treated with20μm are more pathogenic to the native plants than smaller organisms in these *** all three sites,there was only a non-significant tendency for the native community biomass to differ among soil solution types,depending on whether or not the soil was *** one site showed significant differences in community biomass among soil solution types,depending on whether or not the soil was invaded;community biomass was significantly lower when treated with the complete soil biota solution than with soil biota<20μm or sterilized soil solutions,but only for the invaded *** findings suggest that efforts to restore native communities on soils previously invaded by Solidago gigantea are unlikely to be hindered by changes in soil microbial community composition as a result of previous invasion.

关键词： exotic plants invasive plant impacts plant-soil feedback soil microbes

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