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Estimation of annual actual evapotranspiration.from nonsaturated land surfaces with conventional meteorological data

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Science China Earth Sciences 2004年第3期47卷 239-246页

作者： QIU Xinfa1, ZENG Yan2, MIAO Qilong1 & YU Qiang2 1. Department of Geography, Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, Nanjing 210044, China 2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Department of Geography Nanjing Institute of Meteorology Nanjing 210044 China Inst. of Geogr. Sci./Nat. Rsrc. Res. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Views diverge greatly on the relationship between actual evapotranspiration.(AE) and potential evapotranspiration.(PE). Penman showed that AE is determined in intensity by PE and changes proportionally as a function of PE. In contrast, Bouchet indicated that AE deter-mines PE and varies inversely with PE. Based on nearly 30 years data from 432 weather stations and 512 hydrological stations in China, the two different theories, Penman抯 assumption and Bouchet抯 complementary relationship between AE and PE, were tested on nine river basins. With data integration technique, the complementary relationship between AE and PE was dis-played entirely. A general model to estimate the actual evapotranspiration.from nonsaturated surfaces by routine meteorological observations has been established on the basis of thorough analysis of the concept of PE. The results show that the calculations are all in error control of <10%, except for a few years over the Yellow River Basin.

关键词： complementary relationship of evapotranspiration. potential evapotranspiration. actual evapotranspiration.

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evapotranspiration.from citrus trees growing in sandy soil under drip irrigation with saline water

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Science China Earth Sciences 2002年第Z1期45卷 41-46页

作者：杨胜利 Shin-ichi Takeuchi Tomohisa Yano Yoshinobu Kitamura Arid Land Research Center Tottori University 1390 Hamaska Tottori 680-0001 Japan Faculty of Engineering Kyushu Kyouritsu University Kitakyushu 807-8585 Japan Faculty of Agriculture Tottori University Tottori 680-8553 Japan

An experiment on evapotranspiration.from citrus trees under irrigation with saline waterwas carried out for 4 months. Two lysimeters planted with a citrus tree in the green house wereused. One lysimeter was irrigated with saline water (NaCl and CaCl2 of 2000 mg/L equivalence,EC = 3.8 dS/m, SAR = 5.9) and the other was irrigated with freshwater using drip irrigation. Theapplied irrigation water was 1.2 times that of the evapotranspiration.on the previous *** was calculated as the change in lysimeter weight recorded every 30 *** lysimeters were filled with soil with 95.8% sand. The results of the experiment were as follows.(i) The evapotranspiration.from citrus tree was reduced after irrigation with saline water. Theevapotranspiration.returns to normal after leaching. However it takes months to exhaust the saltfrom the tree. ( ii ) To estimate the impact of irrigation with saline water on the evapotranspiration.rom citrus trees, the reduction coefficient due to salt stress (Ks) was used in this *** under irrigation with saline water (ETs) can be calculated from evapotranspira-tion under irrigation with freshwater (ET) by the equation ETs = Ks× ET. Ks can be expressed as afunction of ECsw. (iii) The critical soil-water electrical conductivity (ECsw) is 9.5 dS/m, beyondwhich adverse effects on evapotranspiration.begin to appear. If ECsw can be controlled at below9.5 dS/m, saline water can be safely used for irrigation.

关键词： lysimeter, drip irrigation, saline water, reduction coefficient due to salt stress, evapotranspiration.

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