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Radiative-coupled evaporative cooling:Fundamentals,development,and applications

Nano Research Energy 2024年第2期3卷 56-68页

作者： Li Yu Yimou Huang Weihong Li Changmin Shi Brian W.Sheldon Zhuo Chen Meijie Chen School of Energy Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China School of Engineering Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02912USA

As global energy demand continues to rise and climate change accelerates,the need for sustainable and energy-efficient cooling solutions has reached a critical *** air conditioning systems heavily rely on energy-intensive mechanical cooling,which significantly contributes to both electricity demand and greenhouse gas *** cooling strategies,particularly radiative cooling(RC)and evaporative cooling(EC),present an alternative approach by harnessing natural processes for temperature *** standalone RC can be affected by weather conditions and EC relies on water availability,Radiative-coupled EC(REC)offers a versatile and sustainable cooling solution suitable for various *** we summarize an overview of the theoretical foundations and mathematical models of REC,encompassing REC by bulk water(REC-BW),REC by perspiration(REC-P),and REC by sorbed water(REC-SW).Moreover,we explore a range of applications,spanning from industrial processes to personal thermal management,and examine the advantages and challenges associated with each REC *** significance of REC lies in its potential to revolutionize cooling technology,reduce energy consumption,and minimize the environmental ***-BW can conserve water resources in industrial cooling processes,while REC-P offers innovative solutions for wearable electronics and ***-SW’s adaptability makes it suitable for food preservation and future potable cooling *** addressing the challenges posed by REC,including water consumption,textile design,and optimization of bilayer structures,we can unlock the transformative potential of REC and contribute to sustainable cooling technologies in a warming world.

关键词： radiative cooling evaporative cooling passive cooling thermal radiation mass transfer

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“Phase Diagram” of Surface Temperature Distribution of Sessile Droplets and the Effects of evaporative cooling

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第3期20卷 1132-1140页

作者： Chengzhi Yu Liran Ma Xuefeng Xu Jianbin Luo School of Technology Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

The temperature distribution along the surface of evaporating droplets can affect significantly the flow field inside the liquid and consequently the deposition pattern on the substrate. Although a “phase diagram” for the temperature distribution along the droplet surface was revealed by the numerical simulations, its experimental verification has still not been reported. In this paper, the surface temperature of evaporating droplets has been observed by using an infrared (IR) camera. The experimental observations show that three different patterns of temperature distribution along the droplet surface occur in succession with the change of the contact angle during the evaporation process, which is in good agreement with the theoretical predictions by the “phase diagram” of the surface temperature distribution. Furthermore, the effects of evaporative cooling on the “phase diagram” of sessile droplets have been explored. The numerical results indicate that the evaporative cooling effect can alter the size of the phase regions in the “phase diagram”. These results may provide a better understanding of the evaporation process of drying sessile droplets.

关键词： Sessile droplet Surface temperature distribution Phase diagram evaporative cooling

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Research status and development trends of evaporative cooling air-conditioning technology in data centers

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Energy and Built Environment 2023年第1期4卷 86-110页

作者： Junjie Chu Xiang Huang Institute of Building Environment and Energy China Academy of Building ResearchBeijing 100013China School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Xi’an Polytechnic UniversityXi’an 710048China

This paper systematically describes the technical principles,evaluation indicators,system forms and research progress of air-side evaporative cooling air conditioning systems,water-side evaporative cooling air conditioning systems and freon-side evaporative cold coagulation heat air conditioning systems of Data *** order to reduce the energy consumption of the refrigeration and air-conditioning system in the Data center,the applica-tion conditions and scenarios of the different forms of evaporative cooling air-conditioning systems should be considered ***,it is very important that the renewable energy-dry air can be used to the greatest *** efforts would contribute to China’s 2030"Carbon Peak"and 2060"Carbon Neutral."

关键词： Data center evaporative cooling Air-side Water-side Freon-side

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Stark-potential evaporative cooling of polar molecules in a novel optical-access opened electrostatic trap

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第11期24卷 196-205页

作者：孙慧王振霞王琴李兴佳刘建平印建平 State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy East China Normal University

We propose a novel optical-access opened electrostatic trap to study the Stark-potential evaporative cooling of polar molecules by using two charged disk electrodes with a central hole of radius r0 = 1.5 mm, and derive a set of new analytical equations to calculate the spatial distributions of the electrostatic field in the above charged-disk layout. Afterwards, we calculate the electric-field distributions of our electrostatic trap and the Stark potential for cold ND3 molecules, and analyze the dependences of both the electric field and the Stark potential on the geometric parameters of our charged-disk scheme, and find an optimal condition to form a desirable trap with the same trap depth in the x, y, and z directions. Also, we propose a desirable scheme to realize an efficient loading of cold polar molecules in the weak-field-seeking states, and investigate the dependences of the loading efficiency on both the initial forward velocity of the incident molecular beam and the loading time by Monte Carlo simulations. Our study shows that the maximal loading efficiency of our trap scheme can reach about 95%, and the corresponding temperature of the trapped cold molecules is about 28.8 inK. Finally, we study the Stark-potential evaporative cooling for cold polar molecules in our trap by the Monte Carlo method, and find that our simulated evaporative cooling results are consistent with our developed analytical model based on trapping-potential evaporative cooling.

关键词： evaporative cooling electrostatic trap Monte Carlo simulations

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Experimental investigation of evaporative cooling systems for agricultural storage and livestock air-conditioning in Pakistan

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Building Simulation 2021年第3期14卷 617-631页

作者： Hafiz M.U.Raza Muhammad Sultan Majid Bahrami Alamgir A.Khan Department of Agricultural Engineering Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityBosan RoadMultan 60800Pakistan Laboratory for Alternative Energy Conversion(LAEC) School of Mechatronic Systems EngineeringSimon Fraser UniversitySurreyBCCanada Department of Agricultural Engineering Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University ofAgricultureMultan 60000Pakistan

evaporative cooling(EC)is an ancient technique that is usually suitable for hot and dry climatic conditions due to the potential of water vapor *** this study,three kinds of evaporative cooling systems such as direct EC(DEC),indirect EC(IEC),and Maisotsenko cycle EC(MEC)were locally developed at *** performance of the systems was evaluated and compared for agricultural storage and livestock air-conditioning application in *** experiments were performed for climatic conditions of Multan city(Pakistan)and the data were collected for hourly and daily *** to the results,it was observed that the DEC system has the ability to reduce the temperature of ambient air to an average of 8.5℃.Whilst IEC and MEC systems were able to drop the temperature of ambient air to an average of 6.8℃and 8.9℃,*** per the results,the DEC system remained behind to provide desired conditions for livestock and agricultural product storage applications due to excessive *** the other hand,the IEC and MEC systems can achieve the desired conditions for livestock application,but could not provide feasible conditions for various fruits and vegetable *** study concludes that hybrid EC systems can be developed to provide desired conditions for a wide range of applications under varying climatic conditions.

关键词： evaporative cooling air-conditioning dew-point wet-bulb storage livestock

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Light-induced evaporative cooling in a magneto-optical trap

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Chinese Physics B 2008年第11期17卷 4180-4183页

作者：马红玉成华东王育竹刘亮 Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

This paper presents an experimental demonstration of light-induced evaporative cooling in a magneto-optical trap. An additional laser is used to interact with atoms at the edge of the atomic cloud in the trap. These atoms get an additional force and evaporated away from the trap by both the magnetic field and laser fields. The remaining atoms have lower kinetic energy and thus are cooled. It reports the measurements on the temperature and atomic number after the evaporative cooling with different parameters including the distance between the laser and the centre of the atomic cloud, the detuning, the intensity. The results show that the light-induced evaporative cooling is a way to generate an ultra-cold atom source.

关键词： evaporative cooling magneto-optical trap

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A techno-economic assessment for viability of some waste as cooling pads in evaporative cooling system

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第2期8卷 151-158页

作者： Macmanus C Ndukwu Seth I Manuwa Department of Agricultural and Bio Resources Engineering College of Engineering and Engineering TechnologyMichael Okpara University of Agriculture UmudikeP.M.B.7267 Umuahia Abia StateNigeria Department of Agricultural Engineering School of Engineering and Engineering Technology Federal University of Technology AkureP.M.B.704 AkureOndo StateNigeria

The viability of some waste as cooling pads for evaporative cooling application in South-Western Nigeria was experimentally *** is to ascertain their effectiveness as a substitute for costly imported pads in a low income *** presented was the feasibility of utilizing standalone evaporative coolers for storage and selling of fruits in South-Western *** ambient air was forced through the various pads at three different fan speeds and constant cooling pad thickness of 30 *** characteristics were considered based on daily analysis using temperature and humidity data measured from morning to evening at location co-ordinates latitude 7°10′N and longitude 5°05′E for 6 *** daily temperature T and humidity h ranged between 26℃≤T≤45℃ and 28%≤h_(2)≤80%.Temperature differenceDT and humidity differenceDh of 0.6℃≤ΔT≤18.3℃ and 1.0%≤Δh≤53%was achieved for the four cooling pad materials tested at three fan *** andDh was recorded at fan speed of 4 m/s with shredded latex foam and jute sack *** cooling efficiency(η)calculated for all the pads under the three speeds ranged from 17.3%≤η≤98.8%.Payback period(PBP)analysis indicated the considered EVC is economically feasible and investors will break even in 1.75 years.

关键词： evaporative cooling agricultural residues passive cooling cooling effectiveness cooling pads

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Review of research and application of evaporative cooling in preservation of fresh agricultural produce

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2014年第5期7卷 85-102页

作者： M.C.Ndukwu S.I.Manuwa Department of Agricultural and Bio-resources Engineering Michael Okpara University of AgricultureUmudike Umuahia Abia StateNigeria Department of Agricultural Engineering Federal University of Technology AkureP.M.B.704 AkureOndo StateNigeria

Extensive review of evaporative coolers for the preservation of fresh agricultural produce in some countries was *** of the designs employ mainly direct evaporative cooling methods which are simple but with lower thermal performance,and can only be used for short term storage of agricultural produce with moderate respiratory *** into novel technologies in evaporative cooling systems which can improve the cooling performances,such as membrane air treatments,dew point type and heat pipe type heat exchanger in indirect/direct evaporative cooling application,and their feasibilities in agricultural storage are either absent or *** kinds of materials especially agricultural residues have been used for air water contact in evaporative cooling in different climates,but most of the analyses focused on effect of air flow rate and pad thickness on the cooling effectiveness,and the energy efficiency and evaporation loss of these materials in most cases were not evaluated or *** paper highlights the prospects and constraints of commercialization and marketing of evaporative coolers in some developing countries,and the general weakness in researches and the ways forward in new area of research and development are concluded.

关键词： agricultural products evaporative cooling passive coolers active coolers pad materials

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A Review of evaporative cooling Technologies

A Review of Evaporative Cooling Technologies

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作者： O.Amer R.Boukhanouf H.G.Ibrahim University of Nottingham Department of Built Environment Qatar University Department of Architecture and Urban Planning

Air-conditioning plays an essential role in ensuring occupants thermal ***,b uilding’s electricity bills have become *** the commercially dominant cooling systems are intensively power-consuming ones,*** compression *** paper aims to review the recent developments concerning evaporative cooling technologies that could potentially provide sufficient cooling comfort,reduce environmental impact and lower energy consumption in *** extensive literature review has been conducted and mapped out the state-of-the-art evaporative cooling *** review covers direct evaporative cooling,indirect evaporative cooling and combined direct-indirect cooling *** indirect evaporative coolers include both wet-bulb temperature evaporative coolers and dew point evaporative coolers have been of particular interest because of high thermal *** dew point evaporative coolers have shown great potential of development and research opportunity for their improved efficiency and low energy use.

关键词： evaporative cooling effectiveness dew point dry bulb temperature

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evaporative/radiative electrospun membrane for personal cooling

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Nano Research 2023年第2期16卷 2563-2571页

作者： Mohammad Irfan Iqbal Shuo Shi Gokula Manikandan Senthil Kumar Jinlian Hu Institute of Textiles and Clothing The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China

Functional textiles that promote daily comfort and productivity must efficiently release body sweats and transmit radiative heat through sweat evaporation and mid-infrared radiation(MIR)(8–13μm).However,most of the traditional clothing cannot provide simultaneous sweat evaporation and mid-infrared radiation transmission efficiently,leading to a poor design of personal cooling ***,an evaporative/radiative integrated functional fibrous electrospun membrane is meticulously designed and controllably fabricated via facile electrospinning technology for personal cooling *** developed membrane can be applied as a smart wearable with distinct personal thermal management *** promising temperature and humidity responsive vapor transmission of the membrane grants 1.2 times of evaporative cooling than that of traditional ***,based on its high mid-infrared radiation transmission(53%)property in the range of 8–13μm,the as-spun membrane provides extra cooling of 1.5°C than that of ***,the building energy saving performances demonstrated that 47.1%annual building cooling can be achieved using the developed electrospun *** general,the evaporative/radiative electrospun membrane creates a passive cooling microclimate for the human body,meeting the growing demand of wearable for personal cooling.

关键词： building energy cooling management electrospinning evaporative cooling radiative cooling

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