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evaluation of ICUs and weight of quality control indicators:an exploratory study based on Chinese ICU quality data from 2015 to 2020

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Frontiers of Medicine 2023年第4期17卷 675-684页

作者： Longxiang Su Xudong Ma Sifa Gao Zhi Yin Yujie Chen Wenhu Wang Huaiwu He Wei Du Yaoda Hu Dandan Ma Feng Zhang Wen Zhu Xiaoyang Meng Guoqiang Sun Lian Ma Huizhen Jiang Guangliang Shan Dawei Liu Xiang Zhou China-NCCQC Department of Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100730China Department of Medical Administration National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of ChinaBeijing 100044China Intensive Care Unit The People’s Hospital of ZizhongNeijiang 641000China Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Institute of Basic Medicine SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Information Center State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China 不详

This study aimed to explore key quality control factors that affected the prognosis of intensive care unit(ICU)patients in Chinese mainland over six years(2015–2020).The data for this study were from 31 provincial and municipal hospitals(3425 hospital ICUs)and included 2110685 ICU patients,for a total of 27607376 ICU hospitalization days.We found that 15 initially established quality control indicators were good predictors of patient prognosis,including percentage of ICU patients out of all inpatients(%),percentage of ICU bed occupancy of total inpatient bed occupancy(%),percentage of all ICU inpatients with an APACHE II score≥15(%),three-hour(surviving sepsis campaign)SSC bundle compliance(%),six-hour SSC bundle compliance(%),rate of microbe detection before antibiotics(%),percentage of drug deep venous thrombosis(DVT)prophylaxis(%),percentage of unplanned endotracheal extubations(%),percentage of patients reintubated within 48 hours(%),unplanned transfers to the ICU(%),48-h ICU readmission rate(%),ventilator associated pneumonia(VAP)(per 1000 ventilator days),catheter related blood stream infection(CRBSI)(per 1000 catheter days),catheter-associated urinary tract infections(CAUTI)(per 1000 catheter days),in-hospital mortality(%).When exploratory factor analysis was applied,the 15 indicators were divided into 6 core elements that varied in weight regarding quality evaluation:nosocomial infection management(21.35%),compliance with the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines(17.97%),ICU resources(17.46%),airway management(15.53%),prevention of deep-vein thrombosis(14.07%),and severity of patient condition(13.61%).Based on the different weights of the core elements associated with the 15 indicators,we developed an integrated quality scoring system defined as F score=21.35%xnosocomial infection management+17.97%xcompliance with SSC guidelines+17.46%×ICU resources+15.53%×airway management+14.07%×DVT prevention+13.61%×severity of patient condition.This evidence-based quality scoring system will help in assessing the key e

关键词： critical care medicine quality control evaluation exploratory factor analysis(EFA)model

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evaluation of Tianji and ECMWF high-resolution precipitation forecasts for extreme rainfall event in Henan in July 2021

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Water Science and Engineering 2023年第2期16卷 122-131页

作者： Wen-tao Li Jia-peng Zhang Ruo-chen Sun Qingyun Duan State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China CMA-HHU Joint Laboratory for Hydrometeorological Studies Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China

The extreme rainfall event of July 17 to 22, 2021 in Henan Province, China, led to severe urban waterlogging and flood disasters. This study investigated the performance of high-resolution weather forecasts in predicting this extreme event and the feasibility of weather forecast-based hydrological forecasts. To achieve this goal, high-resolution precipitation forecasts from the Tianji weather system and the forecast system of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) were evaluated with the spatial verification metrics of structure, amplitude, and location. The results showed that Tianji weather forecasts accurately predicted the amplitude of 12-h accumulated precipitation with a lead time of 12 h. The location and structure of the rainfall areas in Tianji forecasts were closer to the observations than ECMWF forecasts. Tianji hourly precipitation forecasts were also more accurate than ECMWF hourly forecasts, especially at lead times shorter than 8 h. The precipitation forecasts were used as the inputs to a hydrological model to evaluate their hydrological applications. The results showed that the runoff forecasts driven by Tianji weather forecasts could effectively predict the extreme flood event. The runoff forecasts driven by Tianji forecasts were more accurate than those driven by ECMWF forecasts in terms of amplitude and location. This study demonstrates that high-resolution weather forecasts and corresponding hydrological forecasts can provide valuable information in advance for disaster warnings and leave time for people to act on the event. The results encourage further hydrological applications of high-resolution weather forecasts, such as Tianji weather forecasts, in the future.

关键词： Extreme precipitation High-resolution weather forecast evaluation Flood forecasting Spatial forecast verification

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evaluation and Projection of Extreme High Temperature Indices in Southwestern China Using NEX-GDDP-CMIP6

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第1期38卷 88-107页

作者： Fen ZHANG Linxiao WEI Yonghua LI Hongyu TANG Tianyu ZHANG Baogang YANG China Meteorological Administration Key Open Laboratory of Transforming Climate Resource to Economy Chongqing Climate CentreChongqing 401147

Based on the recently released NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections(NEX-GDDP)Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6) dataset and the gridded observational daily dataset CN05.1, this study evaluates the performance of 26 CMIP6 models in simulating extreme high temperature(EHT) indices in southwestern China and estimates future changes in the EHT indices under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs) SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 using 11 optimal CMIP6 models. Five EHT indices are employed:annual maximum value of daily maximum temperature(TXX), high temperature days(T35), warm days(TX90P),heat wave frequency(HWF), and heat wave days(HWD). The main results are as follows.(1) NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 is highly capable of simulating the spatial patterns of TXX and T35 in southwestern China but it presents a weaker ability to simulate the spatial patterns of TX90P, HWF, and HWD.(2) The simulated time series of T35, TX90P, HWF,and HWD in southwestern China exhibit consistent upward trends with the observations. The linear trends of increase in TX90P and HWD are much greater than those of increase in TXX, T35, and HWF.(3) The estimated increases in TXX and T35 in southwestern China are significantly greater in Chongqing and the adjacent areas of Sichuan than in the other regions. Spatial distributions of the increases in TX90P, HWF, and HWD generally show higher values in the west and lower values in the east.(4) In the three different scenarios, the projected future TXX,T35, TX90P, and HWD in southwestern China all display a continuous increase with time and radiative forcing levels, whereas HWF initially increases but then decreases under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. By the end of the 21st century, under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, TXX and T35 are projected to increase by 6.0℃ and 45.0 days, respectively. The duration of individual heat waves is also expected to increase.

关键词： NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 extreme high temperature(EHT) southwestern China evaluation projection

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evaluation of precipitation extremes over the Tibetan plateau using the NASA global daily downscaled datasets NEX-GDDP-CMIP6

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2023年第6期14卷 884-895页

作者： Hui-Hui YUAN Jian-Bin HUANG Li-Ke NING Florent CATU Jie-Wei ZHOU Chen QIAO Ming YIN Yong LUO Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Yanshan Earh Critical Zone National Research Station Universtyf Chinese Academyof Sciences Beijing148 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The utility of statistically downscaled data is in its provision of detailed,high-resolution insights,surpassing global models,which is essential for precise assessments of climate impact.This study delves into the changes in extreme precipitation across the Tibetan Plateau(TP)and its five subregions,thereby deepening our understanding of climate impacts in the region.Employing NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Climate Projections(NEX-GDDP-CMIP6),which are bias-corrected and statistically downscaled,in conjunction with three gauge-based datasets(CN05.1,CMFD,GMFD)spanning from 1979 to 2014,this study conducts an extensive analysis using eight extreme precipitation indices in the TP.The findings reveal significant spatial disparities in extreme precipitation,with the southern subregion experiencing a sig-nificant increase while the two northern subregions show statistically insignificant changes.NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 performs best in the eastern subregion but fails to capture extreme precipitation characteristics in the southern and western subregions.Averaging over the whole period of 1979-2014(climatology),the NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 dataset performs better on the intensity and persistence indices than on the absolute and relative threshold indices.NEX-GDDP-CMIP6's performance on climate trends is significantly below that of climatology.The NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 dataset has limitations over the TP because of its reliance on the underperforming GMFD reference data.This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the variability of extreme precipitation and disparities among different subregions of the TP,laying a robust scientific groundwork for climate impact studies and future projection in this region.

关键词： Extreme precipitation Tibetan Plateau NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 evaluation

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Laboratory and field evaluation of a low-cost optical particle sizer

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 215-225页

作者： Mingzhen Tang Yicheng Shen Yanzhen Ge Jian Gao Chong Wang Liqing Wu Shuchun Si State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Jinan Grid-Based Supervision Center of Ecological and Environmental Protection Jinan 250100China Tai’an Ecological Environment Protection Control Center Tai’an 271000China School of Physics Shandong UniversityJinan 250013China

Low-cost sensors are widely used to collect high-spatial-resolution particulate matter data that traditional reference monitoring devices cannot.In addition to the mass concentration,the number concentration and size distribution are also fundamental in determining the origin and hazard level of particulate pollution.Therefore,low-cost optical sensors have been improved to establish optical particle sizers(OPSs).In this study,a low-cost OPS,the Nova SDS029,is introduced,and it is evaluated in comparison to two reference instruments—the GRIMM 11-D and the TSI 3330.We first tested the sizing accuracy using polystyrene latex spheres.Then,we assessed the mass and number size distribution accuracy in three application scenarios:indoor smoking,ambient air quality,and mobile monitoring.The evaluations suggest that the low-cost SDS029 rivals research-grade optical sizers in many aspects.For example,(1)the particle diameters obtained with the SDS029 are close to the reference instruments(usually<10%)in the 0.3-5μm range;(2)the number of particles and mass concentration are highly correlated(r≥0.99)with the values obtained with the reference instruments;and(3)the SDS029 slightly underestimates the number concentration,but the derived PM_(2.5)values are closer to monitoring station than the reference instruments.The successful application of the SDS029 in multiple scenarios suggests that a plausible particle size distribution can be obtained in an easy and cost-efficient way.We believe that low-cost OPSs will increasingly be used to map the sources and risk levels of particles at the city scale.

关键词： Optical particle sizer Particle size distribution Low-cost sensor evaluation Field application

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Effectiveness evaluation of water-sprinkling in controlling urban fugitive road dust based on TRAKER method: A case study in Baoding, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 735-744页

作者： Yuefan Zhang Jianhua Chen Dong Li Shuang Zhu Jian Gao State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

Fugitive road dust(FRD)contributes a great deal to urban rainwater and air pollution and is commonly controlled by water-sprinkling in most Chinese cities.However,there is a lack of information on its effectiveness.We used the Testing Re-entrained Aerosol Kinetic Emissions from Roads(TRAKER)method to monitor different types of roads in Baoding city before and within 1 hr after water-sprinkling and obtained the road dirtiness index(a)and PM concentration in the road environment(T^(∗)_(T)),to evaluate the removal efficiency for PM deposited on the road surface(ηa)and the reduction efficiency for the PM concentration in the road environment(ηPM).The results give that theηa for three types of roads is ranked:branch road(87%-–100%)>major arterial road(80%-83%)>minor arterial road(68%-77%),and the ηPM ranked:minor arterial road(70%)>branch road(46%-58%)>major arterial road(37%-53%).Theηa andηPM varied non-linearly with time and presented a quadratic curve.The average effective control time(ηa>0)was 62min on themajor andminor arterial roads,and much longer than 1 hr on branch roads.The ηPM values diminished completely by 72 min on average from the end of sprinkling for the three types of roads.Water-sprinkling can remove PM10 particles from the road surface and reduce their concentration in the road environment more thoroughly than PM2.5.Our findings could be helpful for controlling urban FRD emissions more efficiently and precisely.

关键词： Fugitive road dust TRAKER Water-sprinkling evaluation Effectiveness

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evaluation indicators for open-source software:a review

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Cybersecurity 2021年第1期4卷 292-315页

作者： Yuhang Zhao Ruigang Liang Xiang Chen Jing Zou SKLOIS Institute of Information EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China School of Cyber Security University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Information Science and Technology Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co.Ltd. Beijing 102209China

In recent years,the widespread applications of open-source software(OSS)have brought great convenience for software developers.However,it is always facing unavoidable security risks,such as open-source code defects and security vulnerabilities.To find out the OSS risks in time,we carry out an empirical study to identify the indicators for evaluating the OSS.To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the OSS assessment,we collect 56 papers from prestigious academic venues(such as IEEE Xplore,ACM Digital Library,DBLP,and Google Scholar)in the past 21 years.During the process of the investigation,we first identify the main concerns for selecting OSS and distill five types of commonly used indicators to assess OSS.We then conduct a comparative analysis to discuss how these indicators are used in each surveyed study and their differences.Moreover,we further undertake a correlation analysis between these indicators and uncover 13 confirmed conclusions and four cases with controversy occurring in these studies.Finally,we discuss several possible applications of these conclusions,which are insightful for the research on OSS and software supply chain.

关键词： Open-source Software evaluation Indicator Correlation Vulnerability License

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evaluation of a concept-based physical education unit for energy balance education

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第3期7卷 353-362页

作者： Senlin Chen Xihe Zhu Jared Androzzi Yoon Ho Nam department of kinesiology iowa state universityAmesIA 50011USA department of human movement sciences old dominion universityNorfolkVA 23529USA department of health physical educationrecreationand sportshepherd universityShepherdstownWV 25443USA school of sport and exercise science university of northern coloradoGreeleyCO 80639USA school of kinesiology louisiana state universityBaton RougeLA 70803USA.

Background:Physical education(PE)is a key channel that impacts children's decisions and behaviors for healthful living.This study evaluated the effects of a concept-based PE(CBPE)instructional unit,featured by energy balance(EB)education,on students'knowledge learning,situational interest,cognitive,and physical engagements as well as teachers'perceptions.Methods:Fourth and 5th grade students(n=468)in a mid-western state of the United States were recruited as the participants.Four elementary schools were randomized to the CBPE or control groups.Students'EB knowledge,situational interest,cognitive engagement,and physical engagement were measured by a knowledge test,the Situational Interest Scale—Elementary,written task sheets,and accelerometers,respectively,while teachers'perceptions of the CBPE unit were captured by individual interviews at the end of the experiment.Results:The CBPE group showed a significant increase in EB knowledge,while the control did not.Both groups showed a similar increasing trend for situational interest over time,although the statistical results favored the control group.For physical engagement,the CBPE group demonstrated a statistically different but substantively similar level of in-class physical activity compared to the control group.The CBPE group also showed a moderate level of cognitive engagement throughout the unit.The PE teachers reported overall positive perceptions about teaching the CBPE unit.Conclusion:These results support the utility of the CBPE unit in enhancing EB education along with facilitating positive student interest and engagement as well as positive teaching experiences.

关键词： Cognitive engagement Constructivist learning theories Curriculum intervention Energy balance knowledge evaluation Physical engagement Situational interest

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evaluation of Precipitation Datasets from TRMM Satellite and Down-scaled Reanalysis Products with Bias-correction in Middle Qilian Mountain,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2021年第3期31卷 474-490页

作者： ZHANG Lanhui HE Chansheng TIAN Wei ZHU Yi Key Laboratory of West China's Environmental System(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Geography Western Michigan UniversityKalamazoo Michigan 49008USA

Accurate estimates of precipitation are fundamental for hydrometeorological and ecohydrological studies,but are more difficult in high mountainous areas because of the high elevation and complex terrain.This study compares and evaluates two kinds of precipitation datasets,the reanalysis product downscaled by the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)output,and the satellite product,the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM)Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis(TMPA)product,as well as their bias-corrected datasets in the Middle Qilian Mountain in Northwest China.Results show that the WRF output with finer resolution perfonns well in both estimating precipitation and hydrological simulation,while the TMPA product is unreliable in high mountainous areas.Moreover,bias-corrected WRF output also performs better than bias-corrected TMPA product.Combined with the previous studies,atmospheric reanalysis datasets are more suitable than the satellite products in high mountainous areas.Climate is more important than altitude for the\falseAlarms'events of the TRMM product.Designed to focus on the tropical areas,the TMPA product mistakes certain meteorological situations for precipitation in subhumid and semiarid areas,thus causing significant"falseAlarms"events and leading to significant overestimations and unreliable performance.Simple linear bias correction method,only removing systematical errors,can significantly improves the accuracy of both the WRF output and the TMPA product in arid high mountainous areas with data scarcity.Evaluated by hydrological simulations,the bias-corrected WRF output is more reliable than the gauge dataset.Thus,data merging of the WRF output and gauge observations would provide more reliable precipitation estimations in arid high mountainous areas.

关键词： evaluation Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) precipitation bias correction high mountainous areas

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evaluation of reanalysis surface wind products with quality-assured buoy wind measurements along the north coast of the South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2021年第3期40卷 58-69页

作者： Jing Cha Xinyu Lin Xiaogang Guo Xiaofang Wan Dawei You Third Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesXiamen 361005China South China Sea Branch Ministry of Natural ResourcesGuangzhou 510000China

Three archived reanalysis wind vectors at 10 m height in the wind speed range of 2-15 m/s,namely,the second version of the National Centres for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)Climate Forecast System Reanalysis(CFSv2),European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting Interim Reanalysis(ERA-I)and NCEPDepartment of Energy(DOE)Reanalysis 2(NCEP-2)products,are evaluated by a comparison with the winds measured by moored buoys in coastal regions of the South China Sea(SCS).The buoy data are first quality controlled by extensive techniques that help eliminate degraded measurements.The evaluation results reveal that the CFSv2 wind vectors are most consistent with the buoy winds(with average biases of 0.01 m/s and 1.76°).The ERA-I winds significantly underestimate the buoy wind speed(with an average bias of-1.57 m/s),while the statistical errors in the NCEP-2 wind direction have the largest magnitude.The diagnosis of the reanalysis wind errors shows the residuals of all three reanalysis wind speeds(reanalysis-buoy)decrease with increasing buoy wind speed,suggesting a narrower wind speed range than that of the observations.Moreover,wind direction errors are examined to depend on the magnitude of the wind speed and the wind speed biases.In general,the evaluation of three reanalysis wind products demonstrates that CFSv2 wind vectors are the closest to the winds along the north coast of the SCS and are sufficiently accurate to be used in numerical models.

关键词： evaluation quality control buoy wind coastal regions of the South China Sea

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