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Reverse microbial etiology:A research field for predicting and preventing emerging infectious diseases caused by an unknown microorganism

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Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2019年第1期1卷 19-21页

作者： Jianguo Xu State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionChangpingBeijing 102206PR China

To predict,detect,prepare for,and prevent potential emerging infectious diseases caused by unknown microorganisms in the future,we have proposed the research field of reverse microbial etiology.We isolate and classify unknown microorganisms and assesse their ability to cause infection,an outbreak,or epidemic.We suggest a list of potential pathogens and propose a preparation,prevention,and control strategy to protect global health and global economy and to ensure global security.

关键词： prevention diseases etiology

Liver cirrhosis in Japan:Future global trends in the era of progressive antiviral therapy

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Portal Hypertension & Cirrhosis 2022年第3期1卷 178-183页

作者： Hirayuki Enomoto Tomoyuki Takashima Takashi Nishimura Nobuhiro Aizawa Naoto Ikeda Yukihisa Yuri Mamiko Okamoto Kohei Yoshihara Ryota Yoshioka Shoki Kawata Shogo Ota Ryota Nakano Hideyuki Shiomi Hiroko Iijima Department of Internal Medicine Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic DiseaseHyogo Medical UniversityHyogoJapan

In Japan,viral hepatitis is the main cause of chronic liver diseases,including liver cirrhosis.Due to the availability of highly effective antiviral drugs in combination with antihepatitis measures,Japan has become one of the most successful countries in the world with regard to hepatitis virus elimination.In Japan,there are many elderly patients who have been infected with hepatitis C virus for a long time,and antihepatitis measures have been in place since the 2000s.Thus,the medical situation in Japan is expected to reflect the future situation in other countries where hepatitis countermeasures have been recently initiated and the infected population is aging.Our nationwide survey clarified the changes in the etiologies of liver cirrhosis in Japan.Although viral hepatitis remains a major cause of liver cirrhosis in Japan,nonviral cirrhosis is suggested to increasingly contribute to the etiologies of liver cirrhosis,as opposed to viral hepatitis‐related liver cirrhosis.The changing etiology of liver cirrhosis in Japan may help to predict future global trends in chronic liver diseases.

关键词： antihepatitis measures antiviral drugs etiology liver cirrhosis viral hepatitis

Pulmonary Vein Stenosis:A Review

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Cardiology Discovery 2023年第2期3卷 127-137页

作者： Mengfei Jia Juan Wang Kaiyu Jiang Hongling Su Yu Li Zhaoxia Guo Hai Zhu Aqian Wang Xin Pan Yunshan Cao The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine(Gansu Provincial Hospital) LanzhouGansu 730000China School of Clinical Medicine Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanNingxia 750000China Department of Cardiology Pulmonary Vascular Disease CenterGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouGansu 730000China Department of Radiology the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhenGuangzhou 518107China Department of Cardiology Shanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China.

Pulmonary vein stenosis(PVS)is an extremely rare and lethal disease caused by multiple etiologies.PVS has a bimodal distribution in the population,affecting children and adults.Congenital PVS is the usual PVS type in children,which sometimes develops after cardiothoracic surgery.Acquired PVS,in turn,is the most common PVS type in adults.A review of the relevant literature has shown that PVS after radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation is the most common,as well as that caused by compression of proliferative fibrous tissues or tumor in the mediastinum(eg,PVS caused by fibrosing mediastinitis,lung tumors,metastases,etc).This article provides a comprehensive review of PVS in terms of embryology and anatomy,etiology and triggers,classification,clinical symptoms and signs,treatment,and prognosis,intending to promote the understanding and treatment of this disease.

关键词： Hypertension pulmonary Pulmonary veins Stenosis etiology Intervention

Prevalence and risk factors for minimal hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients with different etiologies

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Portal Hypertension & Cirrhosis 2023年第4期2卷 171-180页

作者： Xiaoyan Li Shanghao Liu Huiling Xiang Qingge Zhang Ying Guo Hongmei Zu Jing Wang Jiaojian Lv Xiaoning Zhang Fanping Meng Jiahuan Li Jie Li Yangzhen Bianba Jia Shang Guo Zhang Fei Liu Zhaowei Tong Chuang Lei Wei Ye Qiaohua Yang Ningning Wang Ying Song Wei Fu Ziyue Li Yanjing Gao Yongping Zhang Jiafang Chen Caiyun Wu Qi Zheng Fang Wang Jiali Yu Lianjie Lin Chuanlong Yang Xiaoting Yang Xiaomin Ye Xiangmei Wang Xuelan Zhao Xiaolong Qi Fusheng Wang Junliang Fu Medical School of Chinese PLA BeijingChina National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina The First School of Clinical Medicine of Lanzhou University LanzhouGansuChina Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyTianjin Third Central HospitalInstitute of Hepatobiliary DiseaseTianjinChina Hepatology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Xingtai People's HospitalXingtaiHebeiChina Department of Hepatology The Third people's Hospital of TaiyuanTaiyuanShanxiChina Department of Gastroenterology The Fourth People's Hospital of Qinghai ProvinceXiningQinghaiChina Department of Gastroenterology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical CollegeBaotouInner MongoniaChina Department of Infectious Disease Lishui City People's HospitalLishuiZhejiangChina Department of Infectious Diseases Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina Department of Infectious Diseases Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina Department of Hepatology The Third People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous RegionLhasaXizangChina Department of Infectious Diseases Henan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouHenanChina Department of Gastroenterology The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningGuangxiChina Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Department of Infectious DiseasesXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina Department of Infectious Diseases Huzhou Central HospitalHuzhouZhejiangChina Department of Infectious Diseases The First People's Hospital of Changde CityChangdeHunanChina Liver Cirrhosis Treatment Center Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsuChina Hepatology Department of Infectious Diseases Cent

Aims:Minimal hepatic encephalopathy(MHE)significantly affects the prognosis of patients with cirrhosis.This study was performed to determine whether there is a difference in the prevalence of MHE among patients with cirrhosis of different etiologies and whether the etiology directly influences the occurrence of MHE.Methods:This multicenter,cross-sectional study enrolled 1879 patients with confirmed cirrhosis at 40 hospitals from October 25,2021,to January 10,2023(Trial registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/[NCT05140837]).The patients'demographics,etiologies of cirrhosis,and laboratory test results were collected.The psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score(PHES)was determined in all patients to screen for MHE.Multivariate logistic analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for MHE.Results:In total,736 patients with cirrhosis were analyzed.The prevalence of MHE was 42.0%(n=309).The primary etiology among all patients was hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related cirrhosis(71.9%[529/736]).The prevalence of MHE was significantly higher in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis(57.1%[40/70])than in those with HBV-related cirrhosis(40.6%[215/529],p=0.009)or hepatitis C virus(HCV)-related cirrhosis(38.2%[26/68],p=0.026).Age(odds ratio[OR],1.042;95%confidence interval[CI],1.024-1.059;petiology(OR,1.740;95%CI,1.028-2.945;p=0.039),and high MELD-Na scores(OR,1.038;95%CI,1.009-1.067;p=0.009)were independent risk factors for MHE.When patients with cirrhosis of different etiologies were analyzed separately,the results showed that age(OR,1.035;95%CI,1.014-1.057;p=0.001)and duration of education(OR,0.924;95%CI,0.883-0.966;p=0.001)were risk factors for MHE among patients with HBV-related cirrhosis,whereas age(OR,1.138;95%CI,1.033-1.254;p=0.009)and creatinine concentration(OR,16.487;95%CI,1.113-244.160;p=0.042)were risk factors for MHE in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis.No risk factors for MHE were found in patients with autoimmune cirrhosis.For patients with alco

关键词： etiology liver cirrhosis minimal hepatic encephalopathy psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score risk factors

Study on genetic etiology of two patients with mucopolysaccharidosis using whole-exome sequencing

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China Medical Abstracts(Internal Medicine) 2022年第1期39卷 29-30页

作者：覃恬恬 Dept Endocrinol 3rd Xiangya HospCentr South UnivChangsha 410007

Objective To explore the underlying genetic cause in two patients with mucopolysaccharidosis(MPS)using the whole-exome sequencing.Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of two patients with MPS and their family members.Sanger sequencing and pedigree verification were performed on the pathogenic variants filtered by whole-exome sequencing.The function of the mutation sites was analyzed by bioinformatics software.

关键词： patients etiology filtered

etiology of Fulminant Viral Hepatitis in Shenyang

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中国医科大学学报 1991年第S2期20卷 55-58页

作者：王兆荃董祥家张捷张增跃苏德元李冠群 Department of Infectious Disease The Third Affiliated Hospital China Medical University Shenyang China 110003

Serological methods were used to determine the cause of fulminant hepatitisin 207 patients. They were admitted to the isolation wards of 4 hospitals inShenyang between 1986-1990. The final diagnoses were: hepatitis type A 4 cas-es (2.0%), type B 144 cases (69.4% ),superinfections with A and B 3 cases (1.5%), hepatitis non-A non-B (NANB) 51 cases (24.6%), type D 2 cases (1.0%), type E 2 cases (1.0%) and cytomegalovirus (CW) infection 1 case (0.5%). The risk factors were found to be concerned with type D and several typesuper infections (prognosis poor).

关键词： etiology fulminant viral hepatitis prognosis.

Research progress on etiology of gestational diabetes mellitus

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Global Health Journal 2018年第4期2卷 19-27页

作者： Jiayue Zhang Shujuan Ma Chuhao Guo Sisi Long Shilan Wu Hongzhuan Tan XiangYa School of Public Health Central South University 238 Shang Ma Yuan Ling Lane Changsha 410078 China

As a metabolic disorder during pregnancy,gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has an important effects on fetal development,neonatal health and maternal long-term health,and is one of the pregnancy complications with high incidence.It is of great significance that we have an accurate understanding of the etiology and risk factors of GDM for its prevention and control.GDM is a complex disease with multiple etiologies.Current studies have shown that the occurrence of GDM may be the result of combined effect of heredity and environment,but the exact etiology is still unclear.In this paper,we summarized the possible etiologies and risk factors of GDM,so as to understand the occurrence and development of GDM better and to provide possible references for prevention and further etiological studies of GDM.

关键词： gestational diabetes mellitus etiology risk factor genetic susceptibility insulin resistance in ammatory cytokines adipokines

Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human:a descriptive study

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Chinese Medical Journal 2020年第9期133卷 1015-1024页

作者： Li-Li Ren Ye-Ming Wang Zhi-Qiang Wu Zi-Chun Xiang Li Guo Teng Xu Yong-Zhong Jiang Yan Xiong Yong-Jun Li Xing-Wang Li Hui Li Guo-Hui Fan Xiao-Ying Gu Yan Xiao Hong Gao Jiu-Yang Xu Fan Yang Xin-Ming Wang Chao Wu Lan Chen Yi-Wei Liu Bo Liu Jian Yang Xiao-Rui Wang Jie Dong Li Li Chao-Lin Huang Jian-Ping Zhao Yi Hu Zhen-Shun Cheng Un-Lin Liu Zhao-Hui Qian Chuan Qin Qi Jin Bin Cao Jian-Wei Wang National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory Institute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Center of Respiratory MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesChina-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing 100029China Institute of Respiratory Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100029China National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens Institute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Vision Medicals Co. LtdGuangzhouGuangdong 510000China Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention WuhanHubei 430079China Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention WuhanHubei 430022China Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100015China Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing 100029China Institute of Laboratory Animal Science Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China Department of Basic Medical Sciences Tsinghua University School of MedicineBeijing 100084China Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital WuhanHubei 430022China Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Sciences and TechnologyWuhanHubei 430030China Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine The Central Hospital of WuhanTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei 430014China Department of Respiratory Medicine Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei 430071China

Background:Human infections with zoonotic coronaviruses(CoVs),including severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS)-CoV,have raised great public health concern globally.Here,we report a novel batorigin CoV causing severe and fatal pneumonia in humans.Methods:We collected clinical data and bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL)specimens from five patients with severe pneumonia from Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital,Hubei province,China.Nucleic acids of the BAL were extracted and subjected to next-generation sequencing.Virus isolation was carried out,and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees were constructed.Results:Five patients hospitalized from December 18 to December 29,2019 presented with fever,cough,and dyspnea accompanied by complications of acute respiratory distress syndrome.Chest radiography revealed diffuse opacities and consolidation.One of these patients died.Sequence results revealed the presence of a previously unknownβ-CoV strain in all five patients,with 99.8%to 99.9%nucleotide identities among the isolates.These isolates showed 79.0%nucleotide identity with the sequence of SARS-CoV(GenBank NC_004718)and 51.8%identity with the sequence of MERS-CoV(GenBank NC_019843).The virus is phylogenetically closest to a bat SARS-like CoV(SL-ZC45,GenBank MG772933)with 87.6%to 87.7%nucleotide identity,but is in a separate clade.Moreover,these viruses have a single intact open reading frame gene 8,as a further indicator of bat-origin CoVs.However,the amino acid sequence of the tentative receptor-binding domain resembles that of SARS-CoV,indicating that these viruses might use the same receptor.Conclusion:A novel bat-borne CoV was identified that is associated with severe and fatal respiratory disease in humans.

关键词： Bat-origin Coronavirus Zoonotic transmission Pneumonia etiology Next-generation sequencing

Acute lung injury and ARDS in acute pancreatitis: Mechanisms and potential intervention

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第17期16卷 2094-2099页

作者： Roland Andersson Department of Surgery Clinical Sciences LundLund University Lund University Hospital SE-221 85 LundSweden

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in acute pancreatitis still represents a substantial problem,with a mortality rate in the range of 30%-40%.The present review evaluates underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in both ALI and ARDS and potential clinical implications.Several mediators and pathophysiological pathways are involved during the different phases of ALI and ARDS.The initial exudative phase is characterized by diffuse alveolar damage,microvascular injury and influx of inflammatory cells.This phase is followed by a fibro-proliferative phase with lung repair,type Ⅱ pneumocyte hypoplasia and proliferation of fibroblasts.Proteases derived from polymorphonuclear neutrophils,various pro-inflammatory mediators,and phospholipases are all involved,among others.Contributing factors that promote pancreatitis-associated ALI may be found in the gut and mesenteric lymphatics.There is a lack of complete understanding of the underlying mechanisms,and by improving our knowledge,novel tools for prevention and intervention may be developed,thus contributing to improved outcome.

关键词： Acute lung injury Acute respiratory distress syndrome Acute pancreatitis etiology Pathophysiology