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Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the pediatric population of a third-level care hospital in Mexico City in 2013 and 2018

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World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第3期14卷 290-298页

作者： Jorge Mario Molina-Díaz Blanca Estela Vargas-Terrez Patricia Guadalupe Medina-Bravo Antonia Martínez-Ambrosio América Liliana Miranda-Lora Miguel Klünder-Klünder Department of Child Endocrinology Children’s Hospital Federico GomezAutonomous University of MexicoMexico City 06250Mexico Faculty of Business La Salle UniversityMexico City 06250Mexico Department of Endocrinology Children’s Hospital Federico GomezMexico City 06720Mexico Department of Nursing and Endocrinology Children’s Hospital Federico GómezMexico City 06720Mexico Epidemiological Research Unit in Endocrinology and Nutrition Children’s Hospital Federico GomezMexico City 06720Mexico Division of Research Children’s Hospital Federico GomezMexico City 06720Mexico

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus type 2(T2DM)is a state of hyperglycemia due to a defect in the secretion and/or action of insulin,and it represents the most common form of diabetes worldwide.In Mexico,10.3%of the adult population have been diagnosed with T2DM and it is expanding to the pediatric population.AIM To evaluate and compare the prevalence of T2DM in the pediatric population at the Children’s Hospital,“Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez(HIMFG)”,at two time periods:2013 vs 2018.METHODS A comparison of two cross-sectional studies was done(2013 and 2018).The study population was comprised of children and adolescents 8-17 years old,from the Diabetes Clinic at the aforementioned institution.A comprehensive interrogation regarding family history and perinatal antecedents was performed.Complete blood work after 12 h of fasting was obtained to determine serum levels of glucose,glycated hemoglobin,lipid profile,C-peptide,and insulin.The data were analysed using the statistical software package SPSS v.23.0.A P value of<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS A total of 151 patients were included:47 from 2013,and 104 from 2018.There were age differences noted between the two periods with younger patients presenting T2DM in 2013.Also,T2DM predominated in the male sex in 55.36%in 2013 vs 32.7%in 2018.An increased prevalence of T2DM was noted from 2013 to 2018(20.2%vs 33.0%,respectively),which was a statistically significant 12.8%increase(P<0.0001).The illness phenotype was more aggressive in the 2018 group with the presence of a higher proportion of obesity,insulin resistance,and adverse lipid profiles.CONCLUSION The prevalence of T2DM at the HIMFG institution from 2013 to 2018 increased by 12.8%(20.2%vs 33.0%,respectively).The study results demonstrate the need for vigilance in T2DM trends,and to strengthen programs of healthy nutrition and physical activity as well as early detection and risk factors for obesity,data on insulin resistance,and metabolic syndrome,with the aim of preventing the deve

关键词： Diabetes Children adolescents Epidemiology etiology Risk factors and complications

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The medical treatment of cardiogenic shock

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2023年第2期3卷 114-123页

作者： Mickael Lescroart Benjamin Pequignot Dany Janah Bruno Levy Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation Brabois CHRU NancyPole Cardio-Médico-ChirurgicalVandoeuvre-les-Nancy 54511France INSERM U1116 Facultéde MédecineVandoeuvre-les-Nancy 54511France Universitéde Lorraine Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy 54000France

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. CS presentation and management in the current era have been widely depicted in epidemiological studies. Its treatment is codified and relies on medical care and extracorporeal life support (ECLS) in the bridge to recovery, chronic mechanical device therapy, or transplantation. Recent improvements have changed the landscape of CS. The present analysis aims to review current medical treatments of CS in light of recent literature, including addressing excitation–contraction coupling and specific physiology on applied hemodynamics. Inotropism, vasopressor use, and immunomodulation are discussed as pre-clinical and clinical studies have focused on new therapeutic options to improve patient outcomes. Certain underlying conditions of CS, such as hypertrophic or Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, warrant specifically tailored management that will be overviewed in this review.

关键词： Cardiogenic shock etiology Epidemiology Medical treatment Monitoring

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Frequency of otitis media with effusion among children aged 1-5 years presenting to immunization center of tertiary care hospitals,Rawalpindi

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2022年第4期8卷 315-320页

作者： Nida Riaz Muhammad Ajmal Muhammad Sheharyar Khan Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Holy Family HospitalRawalpindiPakistan Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery HBS Medical CollegeIslamabadPakistan Rawalpindi Medical University RawalpindiPakistan

Objective:We conducted this study to assess the etiopathogenic relation of otitis media with effusion(OME)in a group of children aged 1-5 years among the local population of Rawalpindi.Methods:This was a cross-sectional retrospective study.Study was conducted among the children presenting to the immunization center of three tertiary care hospitals of Rawalpindi.Otitis media was assessed by clinical examination and tympanometry from August 2019 to January 2020.Multi-factor regression analysis was then applied to recognize the statistical significance and association of various risk factors to OME.Results:Out of 400 children enrolled in this study,108(27.0%)had OME,out of which 65(60.2%)were males and 30(27.8%)were of age group 2-3 years.Multivariable regression analysis of risk factors associated with OME showed it was strongly associated with snoring(P<0.001),last year symptoms(attack of ear aches with hearing loss[P=0.002]),drugs(URTI antibiotics[P=0.026],All 3 drugs[P=0.013]).Conclusions:We found out that OME is a common disease which if not identified or treated timely can lead to other hard to cure health problems.Control of its etiopathogenic factors can play a major role in its prevention.

关键词： etiology Low resource country Otitis media with effusion Prevelance Tympanometry

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Acute pancreatitis as initial presentation of acute myeloid leukemia-M2 subtype:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第6期11卷 1385-1392页

作者： Wen-Xin Yang Kang An Gai-Fang Liu Heng-Yu Zhou Jun-Cha Gao Department of Gastroenterology Hebei General HospitalShijiazhuang 050057Hebei ProvinceChina Graduate School Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050013Hebei ProvinceChina Graduate School North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan 063509Hebei ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Direct infiltration of the pancreas by acute myeloid leukemia(AML)with acute pancreatitis(AP)as an initial symptom is extremely rare.Only once in the literature,the leukemia cells in AML have been implicated as the cause of AP.Pancreatitis caused by a rare predisposing factor is often misdiagnosed as idiopathic pancreatitis or pancreatitis of other common causes.Severe AP(SAP)progresses rapidly with a high fatality rate.Therefore,it is important to identify the predisposing factors in the early stage of SAP,evaluate the condition,determine prognosis,formulate treatment plans,and prevent a recurrence.Here,we describe a case of SAP due to AML.CASE SUMMARY A 61-year-old man presented to the hospital with fever and persistent abdominal pain.Blood analysis presented significantly elevated serum amylase and severe thrombocytopenia.Computed tomography examination of the abdomen revealed peripancreatic inflammatory effusion.The patient had no common etiologies and risk factors for AP,but the concurrent severe thrombocytopenia could not be explained by pancreatitis.Finally,the bone marrow aspirate and biopsy inspection revealed the underlying reason for pancreatitis,AML(M2 type based on the French-American-British classifications system).CONCLUSION Direct infiltration of the pancrease by acute leukemia,particularly AML cells,is an infrequent cause of AP.Therefore,although AP is a rare extramedullary infilt-ration characteristic for AML patients,it should be considered when determining the etiology of AP.

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Acute myeloid leukemia Abdominal pain Extramedullary infiltration etiology Case report

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Study of liver cirrhosis over twenty consecutive years in adults in Southern China

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World Journal of Hepatology 2023年第12期15卷 1294-1306页

作者： Xing Wang Jin-Ni Luo Xiao-Ying Wu Qi-Xian Zhang Bin Wu Department of Gastroenterology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630Guangdong ProvinceChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630Guangdong ProvinceChina Patient Case Management Division The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yatsen UniversityGuangzhou 510630Guangdong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis(LC)is a prevalent and severe disease in China.The burden of LC is changing with widespread vaccination of hepatitis B virus(HBV)and antiviral therapy.However,the recent transition in etiologies and clinical features of LC cases requiring hospitalization is unclear.AIM To identify the transition in etiologies and clinical characteristics of hospitalized LC patients in Southern China.METHODS In this retrospective,cross-sectional study we included LC inpatients admitted between January 2001 and December 2020.Medical data indicating etiological diagnosis and LC complications,and demographic,laboratory,and imaging data were collected from our hospital-based dataset.The etiologies of LC were mainly determined according to the discharge diagnosis,and upper gastrointestinal bleeding,ascites,hepatic encephalopathy,spontaneous bacterial peritonitis,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),portal vein thrombosis,hepatorenal syndrome,and acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)were considered LC-related complications in our study.Changing trends in the etiologies and clinical characteristics were investigated using logistic regression,and temporal trends in proportions of separated years were investigated using the Cochran-Armitage test.In-hospital prognosis and risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality were also invest igated.RESULTS A total of 33143 patients were included in the study[mean(SD)age,51.7(11.9)years],and 82.2%were males.The mean age of the study population increased from 51.0 years in 2001-2010 to 52.0 years in 2011-2020(Petiology of LC(75.0%)and the dominant cause of viral hepatitis-LC(94.5%)during the study period.However,the proportion of HBV-LC

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Epidemiology etiology Upper gastrointestinal bleeding Hepatocellular carcinoma In-hospital mortality

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Intelligent Approach for Clustering Mutations’ Nature of COVID-19 Genome

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第9期72卷 4453-4466页

作者： Ankur Dumka Parag Verma Rajesh Singh Anuj Bhardwaj Khalid Alsubhi Divya Anand Irene Delgado Noya Silvia Aparicio Obregon Computer Science and Engineering Women Institute of TechnologyUttarakhand248007India Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University PunjabPunjab140401India Division of Innovation&Entrepreneurship Lovely Professional UniversityPunjab144411India Computer Science and Engineering Chandigarh UniversityPunjab140413India Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah37848Saudi Arabia Computer Science and Engineering Lovely Professional UniversityPunjab144411India Higher Polytechnic School Universidad Europea del AtlánticoSantander39011Spain Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Campeche24560MexicoC.P Universidade Internacional do Cuanza Bairro Kaluanda BiéAngola

In December 2019,a group of people in Wuhan city of Hubei province of China were found to be affected by an infection called dark etiology pneumonia.The outbreak of this pneumonia infection was declared a deadly disease by the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention on January 9,2020,named Novel Coronavirus 2019(nCoV-2019).This nCoV-2019 is now known as COVID-19.There is a big list of infections of this coronavirus which is present in the form of a big family.This virus can cause several diseases that usually develop with a serious problem.According to the World Health Organization(WHO),2019-nCoV has been placed as the modern generation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS)and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome(MERS)coronaviruses,so COVID-19 can repeatedly change its internal genome structure to extend its existence.Understanding and accurately predicting the mutational properties of the genome structure of COVID-19 can form a good leadership role in preventing and fighting against coronavirus.In this research paper,an analytical approach has been presented which is based on the k-means cluster technique of machine learning to find the clusters over the mutational properties of the COVID-19 viruses’complete genome.This method would be able to act as a promising tool to monitor and track pathogenic infections in their stable and local genetics/hereditary varieties.This paper identifies five main clusters of mutations with k=5 as best in most cases in the coronavirus that could help scientists and researchers develop disease control vaccines for the transformation of coronaviruses.

关键词： nCoV-2019 SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 genome structure etiology COVID-19 mutations COVID-19 genomes

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Catatonia in older adults:A systematic review

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第2期12卷 348-367页

作者： Walter Jaimes-Albornoz Angel Ruiz de Pellon-Santamaria Ayar Nizama-Vía Marco Isetta Ines Albajar Jordi Serra-Mestres Psychiatry Service Hospital Universitario DonostiaBasque Health Service-OsakidetzaSan Sebastian 20014GipuzkoaSpain Psychiatry Service“Virgen del Cisne”Mental Health Community Center Regional Health DirectorateTumbes 24002Peru Library and Knowledge Services Central&North West London NHS Foundation TrustSt Charles’HospitalLondon W106DZUnited Kingdom Neurology Service Hospital Universitario DonostiaBasque Health Service-OsakidetzaSan Sebastian 20014GipuzkoaSpain Old Age Psychiatry Service Cardinal ClinicWindsor SL45ULUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Catatonia is a complex psychomotor syndrome that often goes unrecognized and untreated,even though its classification has evolved in recent years.Prompt and correct identification of catatonia allows for highly effective treatment and prevention of possible complications.The underrecognition of catatonia in older patients is also frequent,and research in this population is scarce.AIM To conduct a systematic review of the literature on catatonia in older people to ascertain its clinical characteristics across settings.METHODS Following the PRISMA guidelines,MEDLINE,EMBASE,and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception to December 2021,with a strategy aimed at identifying all articles published on catatonia in older adults.Titles and abstracts were scanned and selected independently by two authors.Papers investigating issues related to catatonia and/or catatonic symptoms in older people,with English abstracts available,were included.References of selected articles were revised to identify other relevant studies.RESULTS In total,1355 articles were retrieved.After removing duplicates,879 remained.Of the 879 identified abstracts,669 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria.A total of 210 articles underwent full text review,and 51 were eliminated for various reasons.Fourteen more articles were selected from the references.Overall,173 articles were reviewed:108 case reports,35 case series,11 prospective cohort studies,6 case-control studies,3 retrospective cohort studies and 10 reviews.We found several particular aspects of catatonia in this population.Catatonia in older patients is highly prevalent and tends to have a multifactorial etiology.Older patients,compared to younger patients,have a higher risk of developing catatonia with benzodiazepine(BZD)withdrawal,in bipolar disorder,and in the general hospital.Age,together with other risk factors,was significantly associated with the incidence of deep venous thrombosis,neuroleptic malignant syndrome poor outcome,other complications a

关键词： Catatonia Older adults etiology Phenomenology Prevalence Treatment

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Liver diseases in COVID-19:etiology,treatment and prognosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第19期26卷 2286-2293页

作者： Jian Wu Shu Song Hong-Cui Cao Lan-Juan Li State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Laboratory Medicine The Third People’s Hospital of Yancheng CityYancheng 224001Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Pathology Shanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniversityShanghai 201508China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases Hangzhou 310003Zhejiang ProvinceChina

In December 2019,a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)was identified in Wuhan,China causing coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19).Numerous studies have shown varying degrees of liver damage in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.However,in previous case studies of COVID-19,the exact cause of liver injury has not been clearly elucidated,nor is there clear evidence of the interaction between liver injury and COVID-19.This study will analyze the causes of liver injury in COVID-19 and the influence of liver-related complications on the treatment and prognosis of COVID-19.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Liver injury etiology Treatment Prognosis

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Psychosocial factors affecting the etiology and management of type 1 diabetes mellitus:A narrative review

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第9期12卷 1518-1529页

作者： Anja Turin Maja DrobničRadobuljac Department for Child Psychiatry University Children’s HospitalUniversity Medical Centre LjubljanaLjubljana 1000Slovenia Department of Psychiatry Faculty of MedicineUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljana 1000Slovenia

Type 1 diabetes(T1D)is one of the most common chronic diseases in children and adolescents worldwide.Its etiopathogenesis results from the interplay of genetic and environmental variables.Among the latter,psychological stress has been implicated in disease onset as well as disease management.Various studies,including large population-based studies,have highlighted the role of stressful life events in the etiopathogenesis of T1D.In this article,we also emphasize the importance of attachment in the early child-caregiver relationship,which can be seen as a measure of the quality of the relationship and is crucial for stress and emotional regulation.It serves as a model for all subsequent relationships in one’s life.We summarize some of the few studies performed in the field of attachment and T1D etiopathogenesis or management.T1D management demands a lifelong therapeutic regimen to prevent acute and chronic complications.In addition to psychological stress,psychological factors such as family functioning,developmental adjustment,autonomy,mental health problems and other factors have been found to relate to metabolic control.Psychological factors need to be understood not as a single directional causality-based principle but as a dynamic bi-or multidirectional system that is affected by the normal developmental transitions of childhood and adolescence.

关键词： Type 1 diabetes Psychosocial factors Stressful life events etiology Disease management Attachment

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Liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cells: etiology, pathological hallmarks and therapeutic targets

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第48期22卷 10512-10522页

作者： Chong-Yang Zhang Wei-Gang Yuan Pei He Jia-Hui Lei Chun-Xu Wang Department of Pathogenic Biology School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Department of Anthropotomy School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Wuhan NO.1 Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Liver fibrosis is a reversible wound-healing process aimed at maintaining organ integrity, and presents as the critical pre-stage of liver cirrhosis, which will eventually progress to hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of liver transplantation. Fibrosis generally results from chronic hepatic injury caused by various factors, mainly viral infection, schistosomiasis, and alcoholism; however, the exact pathological mechanisms are still unknown. Although numerous drugs have been shown to have antifibrotic activity in vitro and in animal models, none of these drugs have been shown to be efficacious in the clinic. Importantly, hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) play a key role in the initiation, progression, and regression of liver fibrosis by secreting fibrogenic factors that encourage portal fibrocytes, fibroblasts, and bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts to produce collagen and thereby propagate fibrosis. These cells are subject to intricate cross-talk with adjacent cells, resulting in scarring and subsequent liver damage. Thus, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of liver fibrosis and their relationships with HSCs is essential for the discovery of new therapeutic targets. This comprehensive review outlines the role of HSCs in liver fibrosis and details novel strategies to suppress HSC activity, thereby providing new insights into potential treatments for liver fibrosis.

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Fibrosis Hepatic stellate cells etiology Pathology Treatment

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