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etiology of invasive candidosis agents in Russia： a multicenter epidemiological survey

Frontiers of Medicine 2018年第1期12卷 84-91页

作者： N.V. Vasilyeva E.R. Raush M.V. Rudneva T.S. Bogomolova A.E. Taraskina Yong Fang Fengmin Zhang N.N. Klimko Department of Medical Microbiology North-Western State Medical University named after L I. Mechnikov St. Petersburg 194291 Russia Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology North-Western State Medical University named after 1.1. Mechnikov St. Petersburg 194291 Russia Sino-Russia Institute of Infection and Immunity Department of Microbiology Harbin Medical University Harbin 150086 China Department of Clinical Mycology Allergy and Immunology North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov St. Petersburg 194291 Russia

A multicenter prospective epidemiological survey on the etiologic agents of invasive candidosis was conducted in Russia in the period of 2012-2014. Samples were collected from 284 patients with invasive candidosis and Candida species isolated by culture. The species were identified by DNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF mass- spectrometry. A total of 322 isolates were recovered, in which 96% of Candida species belonged to six major species, namely, C. albicans （43.2%）, C. parapsilosis （20.2%）, C. glabrata （11.5%）, C. tropicalis （9.6%）, C. krusei （6.2%）, and C. guilliermondii （5.3%）. Most Candida species were isolated from blood samples （83.23%）. Notably, the prevalence rate of C. albicans reduced from 52.38% to 32.79% （2012 vs. 2014）（P = 0.01） whereas that of non-C. albicans increased from 47.62% （2012） to 67.21% （2014）（P〈 0.01）. Species distribution differed among geographical regions; specifically, the prevalence rate of C. albicans as an etiologic agent of invasive candidosis in Siberian Federal region was significantly higher than that in other Federal regions. Results indicated a shift from C. albicans to non-C, albicans. Therefore, a detailed investigation on the contributing factors and appropriate treatment of invasive candidosis is needed.

关键词： prevalence Candida species invasive candidosis nosocomial etiology MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry candidemia

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etiology and functional status of liver cirrhosis by ^(31)P MR spectroscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第44期11卷 6926-6931页

作者： Monika Dezortova Pavel Taimr Antonin Skoch Julius Spicak Milan Hajek MR Unit Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Prague Czech Republic Department of Hepatogastroenterology Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine

AIM: To assess the functional status and etiology of liver cirrhosis by quantitative 31p magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).METHODS: A total of 80 patients with liver cirrhosis of different etiology and functional status described by Child-Pugh score were examined and compared to 11 healthy volunteers. MR examination was performed on a 1.5 T imager using a 1H/31P surface coil by the 2D chemical shift imaging *** concentrations of phosphomonoesters (PME),phosphodiesters (PDE), inorganic phosphate (Pi) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were ***: MRS changes reflected the degree of liver dysfunction in all the patients as well as in individual etiological groups. The most important change was a decrease of PDE. It was possible to distinguish alcoholic,viral and cholestatic etiologies based on MR *** and viral etiology differed in PDE (alcoholic,viral, controls: 6.5±2.3, 6.5±3.1, 10.8±2.7 mmol/L,P＜0.001) and ATP (alcoholic, viral, controls: 2.9±0.8, 2.8±0.9, 3.7±1.0 mmol/L, P＜0.01) from the control *** viral etiology, patients with alcoholic etiology also differed in Pi (alcoholic, controls: 1.2±0.4, 1.6±0.6mmol/L, P＜0.05) from controls. No significant changes were found in patients with cholestatic disease and controls; nevertheless, this group differed from both alcoholic and viral groups (cholestatic, alcoholic, viral: 9.4±2.7, 6.5±2.3, 6.5±3.1 mmol/L, P＜0.005) in ***: 31p MRS can significantly help in noninvasive separation of different etiological groups leading to liver cirrhosis. In addition, MRS changes reflect functional liver injury.

关键词： Liver cirrhosis ^ 31p MR spectroscopy Absolute concentration Child-Pugh score etiology

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etiology of inflammatory bowel disease:A unified hypothesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第15期18卷 1708-1722页

作者： Xiaofa Qin Department of Surgery UMDNJ-New Jersey Med-ical School Newark NJ 07103 United States

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including both ulcerative colitis(UC) and Crohn's disease(CD),emerged and dramatically increased for about a *** extensive research,its cause remains regarded as *** a decade ago,a series of findings made me suspect that saccharin may be a key causative factor for IBD,through its inhibition on gut bacteria and the resultant impaired inactivation of digestive proteases and over digestion of the mucus layer and gut barrier(the Bacteria-Protease-Mucus-Barrier hypothesis).It explained many puzzles in IBD such as its emergence and temporal changes in last *** I further found evidence suggesting sucralose may be also linked to IBD through a similar mechanism as saccharin and have contributed to the recent worldwide increase of *** new hypothesis suggests that UC and CD are just two symptoms of the same morbidity,rather than two different *** are both caused by a weakening in gut barrier and only differ in that UC is mainly due to increased infiltration of gut bacteria and the resultant recruitment of neutrophils and formation of crypt abscess,while CD is mainly due to increased infiltration of antigens and particles from gut lumen and the resultant recruitment of macrophages and formation of *** explained the delayed appearance but accelerated increase of CD over UC and many other *** paper aims to provide a detailed description of a unified hypothesis regardingthe etiology of IBD,including the cause and mechanism of IBD,as well as the relationship between UC and CD.

关键词： etiology Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease Dietary chemicals Saccharin Sucralose

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etiology and therapeutic management of neonatal jaundice in Iran:a systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第5期16卷 480-493页

作者： Yadollah Zahed Pasha Shaghayegh Alizadeh-Tabari Ermia Zahed Pasha Mohammad Zamani Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center Amirkola Children's HospitalBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolIran Student Research Committee Babol University of Medical SciencesBabolIran Department of Pathology Rohani HospitalBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolIran Cancer Research Center Health Research InstituteBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolIran

Background Jaundice is a life-threatening disorder in the *** the present study,we aimed to assess systematically available evidence on causes and management of jaundice in Iranian newborn *** We searched the databases of PubMed,Web of Sciences,Scopus and Google Scholar for English articles published since inception until May 2019.A search was also done for Persian articles in Magiran and Scientific Information *** were evaluated based on predefined criteria by two *** analysis was performed by STATA *** A total of 33 articles were finally *** overall pooled prevalence of causes of jaundice among Iranian neonates was as follows:ABO blood groups incompatibility,16.9%[95%confidence interval(CI)10.9-22.8];Rh blood group incompatibility,4%(95%CI 2.5-5.5);ABO and Rh blood groups incompatibility,3.6%(95%CI 0-7.7);glucose6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)deficiency,6.3%(95%CI 5.1-7.5);infection,6.6%(95%CI 5.2-8.1);hypothyroidism,4.2%(95%CI 0.1-8.3);infant of diabetic mother:2.3%(95%CI 0.1-4.5);unknown,50.7%(95%CI 33.4-68);cephalohematoma,0.6%(95%CI 0.3-0.9).Regarding treatment of icterus,seven and eight articles were found on phototherapy and exchange transfusion,*** five studies,all patients underwent phototherapy,but rate of exchange transfusion use was between 6.6%and 50.9%.Conclusions According to the results,unknown factors were the most common causes of icterus in Iranian neonates,followed by ABO blood groups incompatibility,infections and G6PD *** the way,phototherapy and exchange transfusion were found as therapeutic choices of neonatal jaundice.

关键词： etiology Jaundice Newborn Systematic review Therapeutics

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etiology of newborn hearing impairment in Guangdong province: 10-year experience with screening, diagnosis, and follow-up

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第3期16卷 305-313页

作者： Bi-Xing Fang Jin-Tian Cen Tao Yuan Gen-Di Yin Jing Gu Shu-Qi Zhang Zhi-Cheng Li Yin-Fei Liang Xiang-Li Zeng Division of Otology Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck SurgeryThird Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina

Background Hearing impairment is one of the most common birth defects in *** newborn hearing screenings have been performed for 19 years in Guangdong province,China.A screening/diagnosis/intervention system has gradually been put in *** the past 10 years,a relatively complete data management system had been *** the present study,an etiological analysis of newborn cases that failed the initial and follow-up screenings was *** The nature and degree of hearing impairment in newborns were confirmed by a set of procedures performed at the time of initial hearing screening,rescreening and final hearing ***,multiple examinations were performed to explore the associated *** Over a period of 10 years,720 children were diagnosed with newborn hearing *** these children,445 (61.81%) children had a clearly identified cause,which included genetic factor(s) (30.56%),secretory otitis media (13.30%),maternal rubella virus infection during pregnancy (5.83%),inner ear malformations (4.86%),maternal human cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy (2.92%),malformation of the middle ear ossicular chain (2.50%) and auditory neuropathy (1.81%).In addition,275 cases of sensorineural hearing loss of unknown etiology accounted for 38.19% of the children *** Long-term follow-up is needed to detect delayed hearing impairment and auditory development in *** need for long-term follow-up should be taken into account when designing an intervention ***,the use of the deafness gene chip should further elucidate the etiology of neonatal hearing impairment.

关键词： etiology Hereditary deafness Newborn hearing impairment Tertiary prevention

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etiology and early pathogenesis of malignant testicular germ cell tumors： towards possibilities for preinvasive diagnosis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第3期17卷 381-393页

作者： Jenny E Elzinga-Tinke Gert R Dohle Leendert HJ Looijenga Department of Urology Subsection of Andrology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands Department of Pathoiogy Laboratory of Experimental Patho-Oncology Erasmus MC Cancer institute University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands

Malignant testicular germ cell tumors （TGCT） are the most frequent cancers in Caucasian males （20-40 years） with an 70% increasing incidence the last 20 years, probably due to combined action of （epi）genetic and （micro）environmental factors. It is expected that TGCT have carcinoma in situ （CIS） as their common precursor, originating from an embryonic germ cell blocked in its maturation process. The overall cure rate of TGCT is more than 90%, however, men surviving TGCT can present long-term side effects of systemic cancer treatment. In contrast, men diagnosed and treated for CIS only continue to live without these long-term side effects. Therefore, early detection of CIS has great health benefits, which will require an informative screening method. This review described the etiology and early pathogenesis of TGCT, as well as the possibilities of early detection and future potential of screening men at risk for TGCT. For screening, a well-defined risk profile based on both genetic and environmental risk factors is needed. Since 2009, several genome wide association studies （GWAS） have been published, reporting on single-nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） with significant associations in or near the genes KITLG, SPRY4, BAK1, DMRT1, TERT, ATF71P, HPGDS, MAD1L1, RFWD3, TEX14, and PPMIE, likely to be related to TGCT development. Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal environmental factors also influence the onset of CIS. A noninvasive early detection method for CIS would be highly beneficial in a clinical setting, for which specific miRNA detection in semen seems to be very promising. Further research is needed to develop a well-defined TGCT risk profile, based on gene-environment interactions, combined with noninvasive detection method for CIS.

关键词： carcinoma in situ etiology environmental exposure semen diagnostics single nucleotide polymorphism testicular germcell tumor pathogenesis

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etiology and portal vein thrombosis in Budd-Chiari syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第18期14卷 2858-2862页

作者： Oguz Uskudar Meral Akdogan Nurgul Sasmaz Sevinc Yilmaz Muharrem Tola Burhan Sahin Turkiye Yuksek htisas Hospital clinics of gastroenterology Ankara 06010 Turkey Turkiye Yuksek htisas Hospital hematology unit Ankara 06010 Turkey Turkiye Yuksek htisas Hospital clinics of radiology Ankara 06010 Turkey

AIM: To research the etiology, portal vein thrombosis and other features of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) patients prospectively. METHODS: A total of 75 patients (40 female, 35 male) who were diagnosed between January 2002 and July 2004 as having BCS were studied prospectively. Findings from on physical examination, ultrasonography, duplex ultrasonography and venography were analyzed. Hemogram and blood chemistry were studied at the time of diagnosis and on each hospital visit. Bone marrow examination and immune phenotyping were performed by a hematologist when necessary. Protein C, S, antithrombin Ⅲ, activated protein C resistance, and anticardiolipin antibodies, antinuclear antibodies, and anti ds-DNA were studied twice. The presence of ascite, esophageal varices, and portal thrombosis were evaluated at admission and on every visit. RESULTS: At least one etiological factor was determined in 54 (72%) of the patients. The etiology could not be defined in 21 (28%) patients. One etiological factor was found in 39, 2 factors in 14 and 3 factors in 1 patient. The most common cause was the web (16%), the second was Hydatid disease (11%), the third was Behcet’s disease (9%). Portal vein thrombosis was present in 11 patients and at least one etiology was identified in 9 of them (82%). CONCLUSION: Behcet’s disease and hydatid disease are more prominent etiological factors in Turkey than in other countries. Patients with web have an excellent response to treatment without signs of portal veinthrombosis while patients having thrombofilic factors more than one are prone to develop portal vein thrombosis with worse clinical outcome.

关键词： Budd-Chiari syndrome etiology Web Behcet's disease Portal thrombosis

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etiology and management of liver injury in patients with COVID-19

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第32期26卷 4753-4762页

作者： Rui-Xu Yang Rui-Dan Zheng Jian-Gao Fan Center for Fatty Liver Department of GastroenterologyXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200092China Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Liver Diseases Zhengxing HospitalZhangzhou 363000Fujian ProvinceChina Center for Fatty Liver Department of GastroenterologyXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and NutritionShanghai 200092China

The outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has resulted in global *** the expansion of related research,in addition to respiratory symptoms,digestive system involvement such as nausea,vomiting,and diarrhea have also been reported with ***,abnormal liver function is also frequent in biochemical tests of COVID-19 patients,which is correlated with the severity and mortality of the disease *** etiology of liver injury in patients with COVID-19 might include viral immunologic injury,drug-induced liver injury,the systemic inflammatory response,hypoxic hepatitis,and the exacerbation of preexisting liver *** liver injuries in COVID-19 are often transient and reversible,health workers need to pay attention to preexisting liver disease,monitor liver function,strengthen supportive treatment,and reduce the chance of drug-induced liver *** article reviews the epidemiological characteristics,etiology,management,and preventive strategies for liver injury in patients with COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Liver injury Function test,Liver etiology

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etiology and clinical features of viral bronchiolitis in infancy

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2017年第4期13卷 293-299页

作者： Andrew Fretzayas Maria Moustaki 3rd Department of Pediatrics Athens UniversitySchool of MedicineAthensGreece

Background:Bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory tract infection in *** aim of this review is to present the clinical profile of viral bronchiolitis,the different culprit viruses and the disease severity in relation to the viral *** sources:Databases including PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for articles about the clinical features of bronchiolitis and its viral *** most relevant articles to the scope of this review were ***:Currently there are two main definitions for bronchiolitis which are not identical,the European definition and the American *** most common viral pathogen that causes bronchiolitis is respiratory syncytiai virus which was identified in 1955;now many other viruses have been implicated in the etiology of bronchiolitis such as rhinovirus,adenovirus,metapneumovirus,and *** studies have attempted to investigate the correlation of bronchiolitis severity with the type of detected virus or ***,the results were not ***:For the time being,the diagnosis of bronchiolitis remains *** isolation of the responsible respiratory pathogens does not seem to confer to the prognosis of the disease severity.

关键词： clinical features etiology viral bronchiolitis

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Fulminant myocarditis:a comprehensive review from etiology to treatments and outcomes

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第1期6卷 26-40页

作者： Weijian Hang Chen Chen John MSeubert Dao Wen Wang Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicineand Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological DisordersTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Alberta EdmontonAlberta T6G 2E1Canada

Fulminant myocarditis(FM)is characterized by a rapid progressive decline in cardiac function and a high mortality *** the first report of FM patients in the 1980s,several clinical trials and research studies have been published increasing our knowledge regarding ***,the diagnosis of FM depends on various techniques including electrocardiography,echocardiography,endomyocardial biopsy,and cardiac magnetic *** development of mechanical circulation support(MCS)devices and progress in our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying FM,treatment regimens have evolved from simple symptomatic treatment to a life support-based comprehensive treatment *** core mechanism underlying the development of FM is the occurrence of an inflammatory cytokine *** review provides a comprehensive account of the current understanding of FM pathophysiology and knowledge regarding its etiology,pathophysiology,treatments,and outcomes.

关键词： etiology myocarditis treatment

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