检索结果-南通市图书馆

Strong link between large tropical volcanic eruptions and severe droughts prior to monsoon in the central Himalayas revealed by tree-ring records

引用

Science Bulletin 2019年第14期64卷 1018-1023页

作者： Eryuan Liang Binod Dawadi Neil Pederson Shilong Piao Haifeng Zhu Shalik Ram Sigdel Deliang Chen Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Central Department of Hydrology and Meteorology Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal Harvard Forest Harvard University Petersham MA 01366 USA College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Regional Climate Group Department of Earth Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg 40530 Sweden

Large tropical volcanic eruptions can cause short-term global cooling. However, little is known whether large tropical volcanic eruptions, like the one in Tambora/Indonesia in 1815, cause regional hydroclimatic anomalies. Using a tree-ring network of precisely dated Himalayan birch in the central Himalayas, we reconstructed variations in the regional pre-monsoon precipitation back to 1650 CE. A superposed epoch analysis indicates that the pre-monsoon regional droughts are associated with large tropical volcanic eruptions, appearing to have a strong influence on hydroclimatic conditions in the central Himalayas. In fact, the most severe drought since 1650 CE occurred after the Tambora eruption. These results suggest that dry conditions prior to monsoon in the central Himalayas were associated with explosive tropical volcanism. Prolonged La Ni?a events also correspond with persistent pre-monsoon droughts in the central Himalayas. Our results provide evidence that large tropical volcanic eruptions most likely induced severe droughts prior to monsoon in the central Himalayas.

关键词： Tree ring Drought Tropical volcanic eruptions Central Himalayas

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The Effect of Super Volcanic eruptions on Ozone Depletion in a Chemistry–Climate Model

引用

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2019年第8期36卷 823-836页

作者： Luyang XU Ke WEI Xue WU S. P. SMYSHLYAEV Wen CHEN V. Ya. GALIN Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Russian State Hydrometeorological University Malookhtinskii pr.98St.Petersburg 195196Russia Institute of Numerical Mathematics Russian Academy of Sciencesul.Gubkina 8Moscow 11999Russia

With the gradual yet unequivocal phasing out of ozone depleting substances(ODSs), the environmental crisis caused by the discovery of an ozone hole over the Antarctic has lessened in severity and a promising recovery of the ozone layer is predicted in this century. However, strong volcanic activity can also cause ozone depletion that might be severe enough to threaten the existence of life on Earth. In this study, a transport model and a coupled chemistry–climate model were used to simulate the impacts of super volcanoes on ozone depletion. The volcanic eruptions in the experiments were the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption and a 100 × Pinatubo size eruption. The results show that the percentage of global mean total column ozone depletion in the 2050 RCP8.5 100 × Pinatubo scenario is approximately 6% compared to two years before the eruption and 6.4% in tropics. An identical simulation, 100 × Pinatubo eruption only with natural source ODSs, produces an ozone depletion of 2.5% compared to two years before the eruption, and with 4.4% loss in the tropics. Based on the model results,the reduced ODSs and stratospheric cooling lighten the ozone depletion after super volcanic eruption.

关键词： stratospheric ozone volcanic eruptions stratospheric aerosols chemistry–climate model

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Hypothetical Physics and Chemistry of Volcanic eruptions: The Doorway to Their Prediction

引用

International Journal of Geosciences 2019年第4期10卷 377-404页

作者： Arie Lev Gilat Strachimir Cht Mavrodiev Alexander Vol Geological Survey of Israel (Ret.) Jerusalem Israel INRNE-BAS Sofia Bulgaria OSHADI Drug Administration Ltd. Rehovot Israel

This article presents a further development of the hypotheses concerning the possibility of predicting (“tectonic”) earthquakes [1]. Those hypotheses are based on the conversion of all types of released energy into heat and active chemical substances. One of the important sources of this phenomenon is the release of the latent energy trapped and stored during the Earth’s accretion. The latent energy of primordial hydrogen and helium escaping from the Earth’s core and lower mantle causes degassing processes [2] [3]. This latent energy converts into totally different types of chemical, electromagnetic and thermal energies of active compounds that are responsible for the major endogenic terrestrial processes. The dominating theories in seismology and volcanology are that an earthquake results from a sudden slip of a tectonic fault and that only magma and the gases contained in magma supply the volcanic energy resulting in the conclusions that earthquakes and eruptions are unpredictable. Volcanic eruption is considered herein to be a special case of the earthquake-process in which earthquake hypocenters rise to the Earth’s surface. A possible solution is proposed ([1] and herein) based on the analyses of the physicochemical processes as participants in earthquake and eruption preparations (foreshocks - major shock - aftershocks - volcanic eruptions) and on the characteristic rates of reflection of these processes on the Earth’s surface. Influences of Sun-Moon-tides and volcanic (“harmonic”) tremors are analyzed from physical-chemical point of view. The case of the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens and the proposed monitoring of the recommended additional data provides a way of selecting a complex of reliable earthquake and volcanic eruption precursors.

关键词： Earthquakes Volcanic eruptions Energy Sources Physical Chemistry Precursors Electromagnetic Field Monitoring

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Studies of solar flares and CMEs related to the space solar missions in the future

引用

Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2009年第11期52卷 1646-1654页

作者： LIN Jun1,21 National Astronomical Observatories/Yunnan Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650011, China 2 Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA National Astronomical Observatories/Yunnan Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Cambridge USA

Solar eruptions and the related processes involve magnetic fields and plasma flows of various scales in both time and space. These processes include the convective motions of the mass and magnetic field in the photosphere, evolutions of magnetic fields in both the chromosphere and the corona prior to and during the disruption of magnetic fields in response to the photospheric motions. These evolutions constitute a whole process of transporting the magnetic energy and the helicity from the photosphere to the corona, and then to interplanetary space. The present work, on the basis of a solar eruption model, discusses these processes, and the related questions, unanswerable at present, but could be the scientific objectives of the space solar missions in the future.

关键词： solar eruptions magnetic field energy conversion magnetic reconnection current sheet

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Evidence supporting New Geophysics

引用

Earth and Planetary Physics 2018年第3期2卷 173-188页

作者： Stuart Crampin Yuan Gao British Geological Survey The Lyell Centre School of Geo Sciences University of Edinburgh EH9 3FW Institute of Earthquake Forecasting China Earthquake Administration

In the last decade a New Geophysics has been proposed,whereby the crust and uppermost ~400 km of the mantle of the Earth are so pervaded by closely-spaced stress-aligned microcracks(intergranular films of hydrated melt in the mantle) that in situ rocks verge on failure by fracturing,and hence are critical-systems that impose a range of fundamentally-new properties on conventional sub-critical *** of these new properties have been observed to confirm that New Geophysics is a new understanding of fluid/rock deformation with important implications and *** supporting New Geophysics has been published in a wide variety of ***,for clarification,we summarise in one document the evidence supporting New Geophysics.

关键词： earthquakes eruptions microcracks New Geophysics shear-wave splitting stress-forecasting

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Evolution and Termination of Lakes in Jordan and Their Relevance to Human Migration from Africa to Asia and Europe

引用

Open Journal of Geology 2018年第12期8卷 1113-1132页

作者： Elias Salameh Klaus Bandel Ikhlas Alhejoj Ghaida Abdallat Center for Strategic Studies University of Jordan Amman Jordan University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany Department of Geology University of Jordan Amman Jordan

The hydrologic system in Jordan began its evolution with the regression of the Tethys during the Eocene and the rifting of Arabia from Africa. From that time onward Jordan lay on land. The rivers from Jordan and the Sirhan east of it flew into the Rift. On the Jordan land volcanism developed and was on and off active until sub-recent times. Flows of magma covered large areas in north and central Jordan. The uppermost hard layers of the deep valleys of the Yarmouk and the Mujib present evidence for their later erosion. The land to the east of the rift was low and in depressions lakes formed on the Jordan plateau, which began to rise less than half a Million years ago. Especially the Jafr and the Azraq Lakes developed a belt of green vegetation that attracted numerous animals which were hunted by early men. Tools for hunting and food preparation were produced from flint and assembled next to the former lake shores with time. The shape of these flint tools allows a coarse dating and documents the arrival of humans hundred thousand years ago and of modern men between 50,000 and 80,000 years ago. Great changes in the shape of the eastern Rift margin had occurred before Lake Lisan evolved and its rising water flooded the mouths of canyons for example of Wadi Hasa, Wadi Mujib and Wadi Zerka Ma’in. On former gravel fans into Lake Lisan of the Tabaqat Fahl first agriculture still in Neolithic times evolved as well as in Amman where people from Ain Ghazal planted crops like barley and peas, beans, lentils and chickpeas and domesticated sheep, goats and pigs. The existence of the highland lakes seems to have been of utmost importance to human migrations from Africa. Such lakes provided water and food for those humans in the Arid area of Jordan.

关键词： Hydrology Epeirogenic Taphrogenic Uplifts Volcanic eruptions Human Migration

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

InSAR Observation for the Surface Displacements at Mt. Etna between 2003 and 2007

引用

International Journal of Geosciences 2015年第2期6卷 159-171页

作者： Syeda Sabikun Nahar Arif Mahmud BGMEA University of Fashion and Technology Dhaka Bangladesh

This research is mainly devoted to InSAR observations using Poly-Interferogram Rate and Time-series Estimator (π-rate) software to investigate continuous surface displacement at Mt. Etna (Sicily), Italy between 2003 and 2007. Using ascending and descending SAR images produced by European Space Agency’s ENVISAT, we generate a set of interferograms which are used to determine?the deformation history of Etna from 2003 to 2007. Using (π-rate), we can generate the InSAR?time-series and ratemap while minimizing errors induced by the satellites orbit and atmospheric?phase delays. During the period of 2003-2007, three separate eruptions were observed. In order to explain the deformation, we solve three displacement rate for 2003-2005, 2006 and 2007. As expected, the result suggests that displacement rates are not constant with respect to time. During 2006 the volcano appeared to switch from a period of deflation to a period of inflation. These results highlight the importance of InSAR for generating deformation time-series around Mt.?Etna, and with the application of numerical models these results can be used to estimate the?amount of magma moving in the subsurface.

关键词： InSAR Interferogram Ratemap eruptions Magma and π-Rate

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Natural hazards in Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica, Central America

引用

Natural Science 2014年第3期6卷 121-129页

作者： Jonnathan Reyes Mario Fernández Sara Grineski Timothy Collins Department of Sociology and Anthropology University of Texas El Paso USA School of Geography University of Costa Rica (UCR) San José Costa Rica University of Costa Rica San José Costa Rica School of Geology University of Costa Rica San José Costa Rica Center for Research in Geological Sciences University of Costa Rica San José Costa Rica Red Sismológica Nacional (RSN: ICE-UCR) San José Costa Rica

Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica is a county facing serious risks from natural hazards, specifically flooding, earthquakes, volcanic activity and landslides. In order to inform disaster risk reduction efforts and improve the safety and well-being of local residents, this article assessed these natural hazards using a geographical approach. First, we described the four hazards based on a review of reports from previous emergencies, scientific papers and newspaper articles. Second, we integrated spatial data on each hazard to create a hazard density index for the county at the level of the census unit (n = 140). Results demonstrate that river flooding has caused the most damage of the four hazards in recent times. Both seismic and volcanic risks (specifically ash fall from volcanic eruptions) affect the entire area of Santo Domingo. Landslides have affected localized, settled areas of steep river canyons in the southern part of the county. In general, the highest density of hazards is located in the southern reaches of Santo Domingo. As such, we recommend that local authorities concentrate their management efforts in that area.

关键词： Hazards Earthquakes Floods eruptions Landslides Faults Index

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

欢迎您,

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

欢迎您,

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：