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erosion characteristics and simulation charts of sand fracturing casing perforation

Petroleum Science 2023年第6期20卷 3638-3653页

作者： Shan-Zhi Shi Si-Song Zhang Ning Cheng Gang Tian De-Zhi Zeng Hui-Yong Yu Xi Wang Xin Zhang Research Institute of Engineering Technology PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield CompanyKaramay834000XinjiangChina State Key Laboratory of Oil&Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500SichuanChina

Large-scale sand fracturing is a necessary means in the efficient exploitation of shale gas/oil.However,in the process of fracturing operation,the sand carrying fluid and proppant easily causes scouring and wear to production strings,especially the casing perforation system,which damage the wellbore integrity and deformation to affect the subsequent fracturing.For this problem,taking the actual construction conditions and perforation technology of an oilfield in western China as an example,the structural parameters of the downhole string were measured and the wall thickness reduction model of casing perforation suitable for large-displacement sand fracturing in horizontal well section was established.With software ANSYS-FLUENT,the casing perforation erosion under the conditions of different displacements,sand content and perforation sand-passing quantity in the process of sand fracturing was simulated and calculated.The influences of three parameters on perforation erosion and expansion were analyzed and the prediction chart of the influences of three main control factors on perforation erosion and expansion was established.The perforation erosion images after fracturing construction were obtained with the downhole eagle perforation logging technology.The logging chart results were compared with the downhole eagle perforation data.The error between the established numerical simulation calculation charts and the real logging data was about 5%,indicating that the simulation charts were the valuable reference.

关键词： Sanding fracturing erosion Numerical simulation Casing perforation Solid-liquid flow

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erosion and runoff reduction potential of vetiver grass for hill slopes:A physical model study

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第1期38卷 49-65页

作者： Shamontee Aziz Mohammad Shariful Islam BUET-Japan Institute of Disaster Prevention and Urban Safety (BUET-JIDPUS) Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) Department of Civil Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)

Severe erosion is caused by intense rainfall in tropical regions. The erodible soil of steep hill slopes,accompanied by destruction of vegetation due to human interventions results in accelerated erosion. A sustainable and cost-effective solution such as vetiver grass(Chrysopogon zizanioides) is, thus, required to control the erosion process. In the current study, 6 small-scale glass models: 1 bare and 5 with vetiver grass, having a slope angle of 37°have been constructed. One year after planting, artificial rainfall of extremely high intensity was applied to all 6 small models and the role of vetiver canopy and roots in erosion and runoff control was observed. To see the effect of soil texture, one among these 5 models was made with silty sand and others contained sandy silt. The results demonstrated that, for sandy silt, the inclusion of vetiver reduced the soil loss by 94%-97%, and soil detachment rates were lowered by 95%.The average runoff also was reduced by 21%. The canopy cover showed a positive impact on reducing both quantities. An increase in average root diameter from 1.6 to 2.5 mm increases the soil loss due to its negative impact on added cohesion. The added cohesion showed a linearly negative correlation with soil loss. A composite system of vetiver and jute geotextile was most effective in erosion reduction among 4vegetated models with sandy silt. Under same vetiver planting layout, the grass covered model of silty sand yielded 84% lower erosion and 62.5% lower runoff than the grass covered one with sandy silt. Thus,vetiver was more effective in erosion and runoff reduction for soil with a greater percentage of sand, and soil type dominated the erosion process.

关键词： erosion Small-scale model experiments Surface runoff Artificial rainfall Vetiver

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erosion risk assessment:A contribution for conservation priority area identification in the sub-basin of Lake Tana,north-western Ethiopia

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第1期10卷 46-61页

作者： Daniel Asfaw Bekele Getachew Workineh Gella Mulualem Asfaw Ejigu Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Bahir Dar UniversityEthiopia Geospatial Data and Technology Center(GDTC) Bair Dar UniversityEthiopia Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Debre Tabor UniversityEthiopia

Soil erosion is a serious environmental problem arising from agricultural intensification and landscape changes.Improper land management coupled with intense rainfall has intricated the problem in most parts of the Ethiopian highlands.Soil loss costs a profound amount of the national GDP.Thus,quantifying soil loss and prioritizing areas for conservation is imperative for proper planning and resource conser-vation.Therefore,this study has modeled the mean soil loss and annual sediment yield of the Gumara watershed.Landsat 5 TM,Landsat 7ETM+,and Landsat 8 OLI were used for land use land cover(LULC)change analysis.Besides these,other datasets related to rainfall,digital soil map,Digital Elevation Model,reference land use,and cover(LULC)ground truth points were used to generate parameters for modeling soil loss.The watershed was classified into five major land-use classes(water body,cultivated land,grazing land,built-up and forest and plantation)using a maximum likelihood algorithm covering a period of the last 30 years(1988-2019).The mean annual soil loss and sediment yield were quantified using RUSLE,Sediment delivery ratio(SDR),and Sediment Yields models(SY).The analysis result unveils that within the past 30 years,the watershed has undergone significant LULC changes from forest&plantation(46.33%)and grazing land to cultivated land(31.59%)with the rate of-1.42km^(2)yr^(-1) and-2.80km^(2)yr^(-1) respectively.In the same vein,the built-up area has expanded to cultivated and grazing land.Subsequently,nearly 15%(207 km2)of the watershed suffered from moderate to very severe soil loss.On average,the watershed losses 24.2t ha^(-1) yr^(-1) of soil and yields 2807.02t ha^(-1) yr^(-1) sediment.Annually,the watershed losses 385,157t ha^(-1)yr^(-1) soil from the whole study area.Among the admir-ative districts,Farta(Askuma,Giribi,Mahidere Mariam and Arigo kebeles),Fogera(Gazen Aridafofota and Gura Amba kebeles),East Este(Witimera kebele),and Dera(Gedame Eyesus and Deriana Wechit kebeles)districts which cover 50%of the waters

关键词： Phrases erosion Sediment yield Landscape GIS Cumara watershed

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Ion thruster accelerator grid erosion mechanism under extreme conditions of cylindrical erosion and chamfer erosion

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2023年第6期36卷 128-139页

作者： Guangqing XIA Jiahui LI Chang LU Hai GENG Vladimir A.SAETCHNIKOV Juan LI Yanlong WANG State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial EquipmentDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Aerospace Vehicles of Liaoning Province Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China Collaborative Innovation Center of Micro&Nano Satellites of Hebei Province North China Institute of Aerospace EngineeringLangfang 065000China Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory Lanzhou Institute of PhysicsLanzhou 73000China Physics and Aerospace Technology Department Belarusian State UniversityMinsk 220030Belarus

In this paper,the abnormal experimental phenomenon on barrel erosion under extreme working conditions in the ultra-long life experiment(>10000 h)of ion thruster ion optics is studied by the Immersed-Finite-Element Particle-In-Cell Monte-Carlo-Collision(IFE-PIC-MCC)method and the grid erosion evaluation model.The transport process of beam ions and Charge Exchange(CEX)ions in the grid system,and the characteristics and mechanisms of the aperture barrel erosion under extreme erosion conditions(i.***.the cylindrical erosion and chamfer erosion)were systematically studied.Thanks to the advantage of the IFE method for dealing with complex boundaries in structured mesh,the aperture barrel erosion morphology of the accelerator grid is reconstructed accurately based on the experimental results.The results show that,with the evolution of working conditions,the mechanism of the aperture barrel erosion changes significantly,which relies heavily on the accelerator grid morphology.The change of the accelerator grid aperture barrel morphology has a significant effect on the behavior of CEX ions,and only affects the local electric field distribution,but has no effect on the upstream plasma sheath.As the erosion progresses,the erosion position moves downstream along the grid aperture axis direction,and the erosion range becomes narrower.Regardless of the erosion phase,the erosion rate of the CEX ions located downstream of the decelerator grid is the largest.The erosion rate is related to the mean incident energy and angle,and their variation is closely related to the position and trajectory of CEXions.

关键词： Accelerator grid Charge Exchange(CEX)ions erosion IFE-PIC-MCC Ion propulsion

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Simulation of the erosion of casing and perforation under staged sand fracturing conditions in horizontal sections

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2022年第4期34卷 725-743页

作者： Bao-cheng Wu Si-song Zhang Jian-min Li Yu-ting Pan De-zhi Zeng Hui-yong Yu Hong-jun Zhu Research Institute of Engineering Technology PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield CompanyKaramay 834000China State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China

The new fracturing technology of intensive stages and high-intensity proppant injection shows significant advantages of cost reduction and high efficiency in the volume fracturing of unconventional reservoirs,but it also intensifies the erosion of the casing and the perforations,with a perforation diameter expansion and the casing wall thinning.To solve this problem,in view of the applications of the perforation fracturing technology under the construction conditions in Mahu Area in Xinjiang,China,the structure parameters of the downhole strings are measured and a calculation model of the perforation casing erosion is established for the large-displacement sand fracturing process in horizontal sections.The software ANSYS-FLUENT is used to simulate the casing and perforation erosion under different conditions of the displacement,the sand content,the proppant particle size,and the fracturing fluid viscosity in the sand fracturing process.The particle size of the proppant and the viscosity of the fracturing fluid mainly affect the erosion area,but they have little influence on the erosion rate.The sand content and the displacement significantly affect the erosion rate.Among these factors,the sand content has a more significant effect on the erosion rate and the displacement has a more significant effect on the erosion area.Due to the influence of gravity,the perforation erosion rate is larger when the phase angle ranges from 120°to 240°.

关键词： Sand fracturing erosion numerical simulation perforated casing solid-liquid flow

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Experimental investigation of erosion rate for gas-solid two-phase flow in 304 stainless/L245 carbon steel

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Petroleum Science 2022年第3期19卷 1347-1360页

作者： Bingyuan Hong Yanbo Li Xiaoping Li Gen Li ong Huang Shuaipeng Ji Weidong Li Jing Gong Jian Guo National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Harbor Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation Technology Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution ControlZhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan316022PR China National Engineering Laboratory for Pipeline Safety MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum EngineeringBeijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution TechnologyChina University of Petroleum-BeijingFuxue Road No.18Changping DistrictBeijing102249PR China CNOOC Research Institute Co.Ltd Beijing100028PR China PipeChina North Pipeline Company LangFang065000PR China College of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108PR China

erosion is one of the most concerning issues in pipeline flow assurance for the Oil&Gas pipeline industries,which can easily lead to wall thinning,perforation leakage,and other crucial safety risks to the steady operation of pipelines.In this research,a novel experimental device is designed to investigate the erosion characteristics of 304 stainless and L245 carbon steel in the gas-solid two-phase flow.Regarding the impacts on erosion rate,the typical factors such as gas velocity,impact angle,erosion time,particle material and target material are individually observed and comprehensive analyzed with the assistance of apparent morphology characterized via Scanning Electron Microscope.Experimental results show that the severest erosion occurs when the angle reaches approximate 30°whether eroded by type I or type II particles,which is observed in both two types of steel.Concretely,304 stainless steel and L245 carbon steel appear to be cut at low angles,and impacted at high angles to form erosion pits.In the steady operational state,the erosion rate is insensitive to the short erosion time and free from the influences caused by the“erosion latent period”.Based on the comparison between experimental data and numerical results generated by existing erosion models,a modified model with low tolerance(erosion in terms of two types of steel under various industrial conditions.

关键词： Gas-solid flow erosion 304 stainless L245 carbon steel erosion model

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Experimental and numerical simulation study on the erosion behavior of the elbow of gathering pipeline in shale gas fi eld

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PETROLEUM SCIENCE 2024年第2期21卷 1257-1274页

作者： Liu, En -Bin Huang, Shen Tian, Ding-Chao Shi, Lai-Min Peng, Shan-Bi Zheng, He Southwest Petr Univ Petr Engn Sch Chengdu 610500 Sichuan Peoples R China Chongqing Nat Gas Sales Ctr Nat Gas Branch Sinopec Chongqing 400023 Peoples R China Zhejiang Zheneng Nat Gas Operat Co Ltd Hangzhou 310000 Zhejiang Peoples R China Southwest Petr Univ Sch Civil Engn & Architecture Chengdu 610500 Sichuan Peoples R China Louisiana Tech Univ Trenchless Technol Ctr 599 Dan Reneau Dr Ruston LA 71270 USA Nat Gas Res Inst Southwest Oil & Gas Field Branch Chengdu 610213 Sichuan Peoples R China

During the production period of shale gas, proppant particles and rock debris are produced together, which will seriously erode the elbows of gathering pipelines. In response to this problem, this paper takes the elbow of the gathering pipeline in the Changning Shale Gas Field as an example to test the erosion rate and material removal mechanism of the test piece at different angles of the elbow through experiments and compares the four erosion models with the experimental results. Through analysis, it is found that the best prediction model for quartz sand-carbon steel erosion is the Oka model. Based on the Oka model, FLUENT software was used to simulate and analyze the law of erosion of the elbow of the gas gathering pipeline under different gas flow velocities, gas gathering pressure, particle size, length of L1, and bending directions of the elbow. And a spiral pipeline structure is proposed to reduce the erosion rate of the elbow under the same working conditions. The results show that this structure can reduce erosion by 34%. (c) 2023 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/ 4.0/).

关键词： Shale gas Gas gathering pipeline Elbow erosion CFD IMPACT PARTICLES VELOCITY STEEL FIELD FLOW

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Whole-genome sequences shed light on the demographic history and contemporary genetic erosion of free-ranging jaguar(Panthera onca) populations

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2022年第1期49卷 77-80页

作者： Gustavo P.Lorenzana Henrique V.Figueirò Jeremy Johnson Elinor Karlsson Ronaldo G.Morato Dênis A.Sana Laury Cullen Joares A.May Jr. Edsel A.Moraes Jr. Daniel L.Z.Kantek Leandro Silveira William J.Murphy Oliver A.Ryder Eduardo Eizirik Pontiﬁcal Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul PUCRS.School of Health and Life SciencesPorto AlegreRS 90619Brazil Christopher B.Kaelin Gregory S.Barsh HudsonAlpha Institute for BiotechnologyHuntsvilleAL 35806USA Vertebrate Genome Biology Broad InstituteCambridgeMA 02142USA CENAP/ICMBio AtibaiaSP 12952Brazil PPG Biologia Animal Instituto de Bioci^enciasUFRGSPorto AlegreRS 90650Brazil Instituto de Pesquisas Ecol ogicas Teodoro SampaioSP 19280Brazil UniSul TubarãoSC 88704Brazil Instituto Prò-CarnivorosAtibaiaSP 12945Brazil Instituto Biotr opicos DiamantinaMG39100Brazil Estacão Ecologica de Taiamã ICMBioCaceresMT 78200Brazil Instituto Onca-pintada-Jaguar Conservation Fund MineirosGO 75830Brazil Texas A&M University College StationTX 77843USA San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research San DiegoCA 92027USA Pontiﬁcal Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul PUCRS.School of Health and Life SciencesPorto AlegreRS 90619Brazil Instituto Pr o-Carni¬vorosAtibaiaSP 12945Brazil Centro Regional del Bajio INECOLP atzcuaroMIC61600Mexico Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute WashingtonDC20008USA

Whole-genome sequences provide massive amounts of data that can illuminate many aspects of a species’biology and evolutionary history,as well as valuable information for conservation planning.This is particularly important for large carnivores,whose large area requirements and typical low densities make them prone to undergo rapid genetic erosion(e.***.accumulation of runs of homozygosity,Diez del Molino et al.,2018;Leroy et al.,2018)in the face of habitat loss and human persecution.One such species is the jaguar(Pan-thera onca),the largest extant felid in the Americas,whose range has already declined by>50%and some of whose remaining popu-lations have been severely impacted by human-induced habitat frag-mentation(De La Torre et al.,2018).

关键词： Whole habitat erosion

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Rapid magnetic susceptibility measurement as a tracer to assess the erosion—deposition process using tillage homogenization and simple proportional models: A case study in northern of Morocco

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第5期38卷 739-753页

作者： Abdessalam Ouallali Naima Bouhsane Saidati Bouhlassa Mohamed Moukhchane Shamsollah Ayoubi Habiba Aassoumi Process Engineering and Environment Laboratory Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Mohammedia Hassan II University of Casablanca Department of Chemistry Center of Materials Science Laboratory of Applied Materials Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Rabat Mohammed V University Department of Earth Sciences Abdelmalek Essaadi UniversityEcole Normale Sup erieure Department of Soil Science College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology Laboratory of Environmental Geology and Natural Resources Faculty of Sciences Abdelmalek Essaadi University

Soil erosion is a significant threat in the Rif region in northern Morocco. Hence, accurate cartography of the phenomenon, magnitude, and extent of erosion in the area needs a simple, rapid, and economical method such as magnetic susceptibility(MS). The current study aims to:(i) determine the factors influencing the variation of soil MS,(ii) exploit MS to estimate soil loss using two approaches in different homogenous units characterized by the same climatic conditions with different edaphic characteristics(land use, slope, and lithology), and(iii) highlight the potential for using MS as a cheap and rapid tracer of a long term erosion and deposition processes. Mass-specific magnetic susceptibility at low(χlf) and high(χhf) frequencies were measured for 182 soil samples collected in the study area. A tillage homogenization(T-H) model and a simple proportional model(SPM) were applied on an undisturbed soil profile to predict the eroded soil depths for given cores. The results confirm that χlfis influenced by land use, slope, and soil type. Pedogenesis is the main factor affecting soil MS enhancement, indicated by homogenous magnetic mineralogy with a dominance of super-paramagnetic(SP) and stable single domain(SSD) magnetic grains. The study results show that higher soil losses have occurred in almost all the soil samples when applying the T-H model compared to application of the SPM. The SPM underestimates erosion due to its ignorance of the MS of the plow layers after erosion. The current study implies the high efficacy of magnetic susceptibility as the quick, easily measurable, simple, and costeffective approach that can be used as an alternative technique for evaluating soil redistribution.

关键词： Magnetic susceptibility (MS) Pedogenesis erosion Tillage homogenization (T-H) Simple proportional model (SPM) Soil loss

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Hydrological and sediment connectivity under freeze-thaw meltwater compound erosion conditions on a loessal slope

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第2期11卷 402-411页

作者： Tian Wang Jingsi Li Jingming Hou Yongyong Ma Peng Li Yu Tong Jing Li Zhanbin Li State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China Xi'an University of TechnologyXi'an710048ShaanxiChina Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions Xian University of TechnologyXi'an 710048ShaanxiChina Shaanxi Province Institute of Water Resources and Electric Power Investigation and Design Xi'an710005ShaanxiChina

Freeze-thaw processes can influence hydrology,soil erosion,and morphological development by altering the connectivity between active pathways of water and sediment transport.Concentrated flow experi-ments were conducted involving frozen,shallow thawed,and unfrozen soil slopes under 1,2,and 4 L/min runoff rates at a temperature of approximately 5℃.In this study,hydrological connectivity was analysed via the simplified hydrological curve and relative surface connection function.Sediment con-nectivity was analysed via the sediment structure connectivity and sediment functional connectivity.Results indicated that hydrological connectivity was greatest on frozen slopes(FS),followed by shallow thawed slopes(STS),and unfrozen slopes(UFS)given a constant flow rate.Hydrological connectivity increased with increasing runoff rate for each freeze-thaw condition.Freezing condition and runoff rate exhibited a positive response to the hydrological connectivity.Sediment structure connectivity increased with increasing runoff rate for each slope condition.The ordering of sediment structure connectivity across freeze-thaw condition was that FS was greater than STS while STS was greater than UFS inde-pendent of flow rate.Sediment functional connectivity included longitudinal,lateral,and vertical con-nectivity components.Sediment longitudinal and vertical connectivity indicated a trend of first increasing and then decreasing under the different runoff rates and freeze-thaw conditions.For a given runoff rate,the ordering of sediment longitudinal and vertical connectivity across freeze-thaw condition was that FS was greater than STS while STS was greater than UFS.Sediment lateral connectivity exhibited a trend of first decreasing and then stabilizing.The ordering of sediment lateral connectivity across freeze-thaw condition was that UFS was greater than STS while STS was greater than FS.FS could more easily reach longitudinal and vertical penetration.Sediment longitudinal and vertical connectivity rates demonstrated increasing trends

关键词： Freeze-thaw Runoff erosion Structureand functional connectivity Loessal slope

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