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equity of Accessibility to Health Care Services and Identification of Underserved Areas

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Chinese Geographical Science 2021年第1期31卷 167-180页

作者： WANG Donghua CAO Xiaoshu HUANG Xiaoyan School of Geography and Tourism Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 710119China Northwest Land and Resource Research Center Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 710119China

Characterizing the availability of opportunities to residents has been a long-term aim in health care geographic *** is important to measure the degree of inequity in health care accessibility and to identify underserved areas, due to the uneven distribution of health care services. In this study, JavaScript was used to calculate travel time based on Amap, as this can provide a more reliable data support to measure the health care accessibility in Xi’an communities, China. Based on the overall equity, herein, an attempt was made to quantify the equity of health care accessibility, and to identify health care underserved areas inside the different communities. Results show that the accessibility to low-level health care services is high in the northern areas and low in the southern areas, while the accessibility to high-level and comprehensive health care services shows a clear core-periphery spatial structure. Moreover, the overall equity of the health care accessibility is relatively low, and the inequity of high-level health care accessibility is further ***, the quantified equity of accessibility to high-level and comprehensive health care services in the central urban areas is better;however low-level health care services are relatively inadequate. There are significant differences among health care underserved areas, in particular, for the worst equity and the lowest accessibility areas(A1) and the worse equity and the lowest accessibility areas(B1) in high-level underserved areas. Notably, the sharing of health care services and the reasonable flow of health technical personnel among different levels of health institutions can make the high-level health care services in the central urban areas have a greater trickle effect on the surrounding areas.

关键词： accessibility equity identification health care underserved areas Xi’an,China

ADDRESSING equity ISSUE IN MULTI-ACTOR POLICYMAKING VIA A SYSTEM-OF-SYSTEMS APPROACH:AVIATION EMISSIONS REDUCTION CASE STUDY

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2011年第1期20卷 1-24页

作者： D.Buyung AGUSDINATA Daniel A.DELAURENTIS System-of-Systems Laboratory(SoSL) College of EngineeringPurdue University School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Purdue University

Finding equitable policy solutions is critical for developing sustainable energy *** paper presents a system-of-systems(SoS) formalism for addressing the equity issue in multi-actor *** a SoS,the control of the overall system performance is shared among a network of *** contrast to a single optimal solution that aggregates objectives of actors,the solution concept of iso-performance is formulated and employed to illuminate multiple solutions and hence the ’space’ for actors to *** specifically accounting for the equity issue,the level of sacrifice each actor makes for each iso-performance solution is *** demonstrate the approach,a case study is presented about policymaking to reduce fuel life cycle aviation emissions in the United States based on the year 2020 reduction target,involving government,airlines,jet fuel refinery companies,and aircraft and engine manufacturers.A resource allocation mixed integer programming model is employed to calculate carbon emissions resulting from airlines’ deployment of aircraft fleet to meet changing air transport *** paper discusses three iso-performance solutions;each of them requires a different level of sacrifice from each *** an insight can inform policymaking in determining the magnitude of compensation required when a particular solution is pursued.

关键词： System-of-systems equity multi-actor policymaking iso-performance solutions aviation emissions.

equity and seeking treatment for young children with fever in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study in Cross River and Bauchi States

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 1-8页

作者： Bikom Patrick Odu Steven Mitchell Hajara Isa Iyam Ugot Robbinson Yusuf Anne Cockcroft Neil Andersson CIET Trust 71 Oxford RoadSaxonwoldJohannesburg 2196South Africa CIET/PRAM Department of Family MedicineMcGill University5858 Côte-des-NeigesSuite 300MontrealQC H3Z 1Z1Canada Community Health Department and Roll Back Malaria Program CalabarCross River StateNigeria State Ministry of Health BauchiBauchi StateNigeria CIET Trust Botswana PO Box 1240GaboroneBotswana

Background:Poor children have a higher risk of contracting malaria and may be less likely to receive effective *** is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Nigerian children and many cases of childhood fever are due to *** study examined socioeconomic factors related to taking children with fever for treatment in formal health ***:A household survey conducted in Bauchi and Cross River states of Nigeria asked parents where they sought treatment for their children aged 0–47 months with severe fever in the last month and collected information about household socio-economic *** also recorded whether there was a health facility in the *** used treatment of severe fever in a health facility to indicate likely effective treatment for *** analysis in each state examined associations with treatment of childhood fever in a health ***:43%weighted(%wt)of 10,862 children had severe fever in the last month in Cross River,and 45%wt of 11,053 children in *** these,less than half(31%wt Cross River,44%wt Bauchi)were taken to a formal health facility for *** were more likely to be taken to a health facility if there was one in the community(OR 2.31[95%CI 1.57–3.39]in Cross River,OR 1.33[95%CI 1.0–1.7]in Bauchi).Children with fever lasting less than five days were less likely to be taken for treatment than those with more prolonged fever,regardless of whether there was such a facility in their *** mothers were more likely to take children with fever to a formal health *** communities with a health facility in Cross River,children from less-poor households were more likely to go to the facility(OR 1.30;95%CI 1.07-1.58).Conclusion:There is inequity of access to effective malaria treatment for children with fever in the two states,even when there is a formal health facility in the *** the details of inequity of access in th

关键词： Severe fever Malaria equity Access to care Nigeria

A new targeted on-ramp control approach considering both efficiency and equity

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Transportation Safety and Environment 2024年第3期6卷 85-95页

作者： Shengnan Li Minglun Li Jianjun Dai Pu Wang School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410075HunanChina Hunan Communications Research Institute Co. LtdChangsha 410015HunanChina

On-ramp control is an effective approach for alleviating traffic congestion on ***,there is still a lack of on-ramp control approaches applicable to large regional highway ***,we develop a targeted on-ramp control approach applicable to regional highway networks by taking advantage of the vehicle source information,which pinpoints the on-ramps contributing major traffic flow to the highway ***,a combined and tunable controlling index is proposed to enhance the equity of the generated traffic control *** proposed on-ramp control approach is validated on an actual large highway network using actual travel demand *** indicate that the proposed approach can well mitigate the traffic congestion of highway bottleneck while at the same time enhancing the equity and practicability of the generated traffic control scheme.

关键词： on-ramp control vehicle source traffic congestion equity

Road Resources Distribution and Evolution Analysis Using a Species Competition Model for Improving Road equity

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2008年第5期13卷 651-659页

作者：应习文石京 Institute of Transportation Engineering Department of Civil EngineeringTsinghua University

The paper analyzes the equity of road resources distribution in urban areas by modeling the competitive relationship among different road users. A logistic model is used to describe the development of different traffic modes in the transportation network. The system is similar to the species competition model, so a two-species model is used to analyze the relationship between users based on the stability of the equilibrium points. The Lotka-Volterra model is then used to describe the multi-species cases with numerical examples, showing that this model can describe the effects of the road space distribution on the competitive user relationships. Policy makers must ensure the equity of road resources distribution so that each urban transportation mode is properly developed for sustainable social development.

关键词： equity competition model resource distribution Lotka-Volterra model

equity Concerns over Climate Change Mitigation

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2004年第2期2卷 36-39页

作者： Chen Ying & Pan JiahuChinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing,100732,China Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Beijing 100732 China

As a complicated concept with ethical implications, equity or fairness in the field of climate change mitigation concerns the relations not only between individual human beings but also between human beings and the nature. In this paper, after the review of equity between individuals, market and non-market attributes of emissions rights are distinguished and discussed. Based on the argument of equal per capita emissions rights, three types of emissions rights and the concept of minimum emissions rights as social security are proposed.

关键词： climate change equity emissions rights

Value relevance of proportionate consolidation versus the equity method: Evidence from Hong Kong

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China Journal of Accounting Research 2018年第4期11卷 255-278页

作者： Stella So Kar Shun Wong Feida (Frank) Zhang Xu Zhang Department of Accountancy and Law Hong Kong Baptist University Business School University of Queensland Department of Accounting and Information Management University of Macao

Whether proportionate consolidation(PC) or the equity method(EM) provides more informative financial statements is a controversial issue. This study uses data from listed companies in Hong Kong to investigate the value relevance of the EM compared with PC during 2005–2008 when the local wordfor-word equivalent HKAS 31 offered the same options. The results of this study provide evidence that PC does not offer higher value relevance than the EM. PC's horizontal aggregation of a portion of the operations, assets and liabilities of the jointly controlled entities with those of the venturer is less informative to investors than the EM's vertical aggregation.

关键词： Value relevance Proportional consolidation method equity method Financial statements

People’s Justice: Socialist Law and equity in China, 1921-1945

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2019年第3期12卷 473-491页

作者： Xi Lin Institute for Advanced Study in Social Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China

When people’s justice was conceived in Republican China, it brought with it a socialist conceptualisation of law and equity, by which the prefix of ‘people’ was not merely a superfluous addition to the term of ‘justice’. On the contrary, it emphasised a people-oriented approach in as much practising the law as correcting the law where arose a rigidity during its application. Such elements as class inequality and the supremacy of state interests were found therein, alongside with Mao*s emphasis on the mass line policy. By dividing the period from 1921 to 1945 into three sections, namely 1921-1927, 1927-1934 and 1935-1945, this article aims to give a brief discussion of the evolution of people's justice, both as a concept and as a system of laws, in China, which may help us to better appreciate the socialist notions and traditions of law and equity.

关键词： Peopled justice Socialist equity Mass line Mass trial Mass mobilisation

Financial development and the cost of equity capital:Evidence from China

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China Journal of Accounting Research 2015年第4期8卷 243-277页

作者： Jeong-Bon Kim Mary L.Z.Ma Haiping Wang College of Business Administration City University of Hong Kong School of Administrative Studies York University

This study examines the relation between province-level financial development and the cost of equity in *** main findings are that(1)stock market development reduces the cost of equity in general,but the effect diminishes significantly in state-owned enterprises(SOEs)and firms with high growth potential or innovation intensity and(2)banking development only marginally lowers the cost of equity,but the effect is stronger in *** analysis reveals that stock market development substitutes for such institutional factors as accounting quality,law enforcement,stock market integration and the split-share structure reform in lowering the cost of *** also find that lack of banking competition and banking marketization and under-development of the non-state economy partially account for the weak effect of banking development on the cost of equity.

关键词： Financial development Cost of equity capital Law a