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Unveil the Redox Evolution of Ore-forming Fluids using Sulfur Isotope:A Case Study of the Zhengguang Intermediate Sulfidation epithermal Au-Zn Deposit,NE China

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地质学报:英文版 2023年第5期97卷 1462-1474页

作者： WANG Le GAO Shen QIN Kezhang SONG Guoxue HAN Ri SU Shiqiang GUO Jihai PANG Xuyong LI Guangming Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Earth Sciences University of GenevaGeneva 1205Switzerland School of Earth Science and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China Heilongjiang Baoshan Mining Co. Ltd.HeiheHeilongjiang 164300China Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China

Oxygen fugacity(fO_(2))is a key intensity variable during the entire magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization courses.The redox state and its variations between different stages of the ore-forming fluids of intermediate sulfidation epithermal deposits are rarely deciphered due to the lack of appropriate approaches to determine fO_(2)of the fluids.Here,we reported theδ^(34)S of the sulfides from three different stages(stageⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ)of Zhengguang,an Early Ordovician Au-rich intermediate sulfidation(IS)epithermal deposit,to decipher the redox evolution of the ore-forming fluids.The increasingδ^(34)S values from stageⅠpyrite(pyl,average-2.6‰)through py2(average-1.9‰)to py3(average-0.2‰)indicates a decrease of the oxygen fugacity of the ore-forming fluids.A compilation ofδ^(34)S values of sulfides from two subtypes of IS deposits(Au-rich and Ag-rich)from NE China shows that theδ^(34)S values of sulfides from Au-rich IS deposits are systematically lighter than those of Ag-rich IS Ag-Pb-Zn deposit,indicating the ore-forming fluids of the former are more oxidized than the latter.We highlight that sulfur isotopic composition of hypogene sulfides is an efficacious proxy to fingerprint the oxygen fugacity fluctuations of epithermal deposits and could potentially be used to distinguish the subtypes of IS deposits.

关键词： intermediate sulfidation epithermal sulfur isotope ore-forming fluids oxygen fugacity Zhengguang

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Genesis of the Ciemas Gold Deposit and Relationship with epithermal Deposits in West Java,Indonesia:Constraints from Fluid Inclusions and Stable Isotopes

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第3期91卷 1025-1040页

作者： ZHENG Chaofei ZHANG Zhengwei WU Chengquan YAO Junhua State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Ciemas gold deposit is located in West Java of Indonesia, which is a Cenozoic magmatism belt resulting from the Indo-Australian plate subducting under the Eurasian plate. Two different volcanic rock belts and associated epithermal deposits are distributed in West Java： the younger late Miocene-Pliocene magmatic belt generated the Pliocene-Pleistocene epithermal deposits, while the older late Eocene-early Miocene magmatic belt generated the Miocene epithermal deposits. To constrain the physico-chemical conditions and the origin of the ore fluid in Ciemas, a detailed study of ore petrography, fluid inclusions, laser Raman spectroscopy, oxygen-hydrogen isotopes for quartz was conducted. The results show that hydrothermal pyrite and quartz are widespread, hydrothermal alteration is well developed, and that leaching structures such as vuggy rocks and extension structures such as comb quartz are common. Fluid inclusions in quartz are mainly liquid-rich two phase inclusions, with fluid compositions in the NaCI-H2O fluid system, and contain no or little CO2. Their homogenization temperatures cluster around 240℃-320℃, the salinities lie in the range of 14-17 wt.% NaCI equiv, and the calculated fluid densities are 0.65-1.00 g/cm^3. The values of δ18OH2O-VSMOW for quartz range from ＋5.5%0 to ＋7.7‰, the δDVSMOW of fluid inclusions in quartz ranges from -70‰ to -115‰. All of these data indicate that mixing of magmatic fluid with meteoric water resulted in the formation of the Ciemas deposit. A comparison among gold deposits of West Java suggests that Miocene epithermal ore deposits in the southernmost part of West Java were more affected by magmatic fluids and exhibit a higher degree of sulfidation than those of Pliocene-Pleistocene.

关键词： fluid inclusions oxygen and hydrogen isotopes epithermal subduction Ciemas golddeposit West Java Indonesia

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epithermal gold deposits in China and potential assessment

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第S2期44卷 164-166页

作者： QIU Yuzhuo Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China

THE epithermal gold deposit (epi-gold) is one of the most important types in various gold deposits all overthe world. The discovery of several superlarge deposits of this type around the circum-Pacific Rim duringthe 1980s, greatly stimulated the interest in searching for epi-golds in the world as well as in China. Theepi-gold has become a major target in gold exploration in China during last two-decade "Golden Rush.The discovery of the Zijinshan Cu (Au) deposit in SE China and the Axi and other Au deposits in NWChina is the significant success in gold prospecting in this field. The author suggested that it is the timeto do an overview and the potential assessment of epi-golds in China Some people are holding an optimistic idea on this topic mainly based on the following considerations: (i) as a host rock, the subaerial volcanic rocks of Mesozoic are widespread in East China; (ii)

关键词： epithermal gold deposit China potential assessment.

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Characteristics and metallogenesis of epithermal gold (copper)deposits in the middle-south parts of Tancheng-Lujiang deep fault zone and its vicinity, eastern China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第S2期44卷 63-65页

作者： QIU Jiansheng and XU Zhaowen Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

epithermal gold (copper) deposits distributed in the middle-south parts of Tancheng-Lujiang deep faultzone and its vicinity have close relation to Mesozoic shoshonitic magmatism. According to their metallogenic features and ore-forming conditions, these deposits can be divided into three types; tellurium-goldtype Au deposit, quartz-adularia type Au deposit and quartz-manganoansiderite type Au-Cu deposit. Therepresentative deposits of them are Guilaizhuang, Dongxi and Tiantoushan. In this note, the general features of the three typical epithermal gold (copper) deposits are outlined and the relationship between mineralization and types of volcanic basins is discussed preliminarily.

关键词： epithermal gold(copper) deposits metallogenesis eastern China.

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Regularities controlling the distribution of halogens in the Danzhai epithermal Hg-Au deposit in Guizhou and their significance

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第S2期44卷 146-148页

作者： ZHANG Qian, PAN Jiayong and SHAO Shuxun Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China

HALOGENS, as mineralizer elements, have been attracting ever increasing attention of geological workers inpetrogenetically experimental and ore-forming fluid geochemical studies. However, little research workhas been done on the contents, variation characteristics and significance of halogens in solid ores(rocks). It is found in the study of the Danzhai Hg-Au deposit that (i) variations in the contents ofhalogens and their distribution regularities in solid rocks and ores can shed light on the formation of thedeposit; and (ii) halogens can serve the function of indicator elements in search of buried orebodies. 1 Main characteristics of the ore

关键词： distribution regularity halogens Danzhai epithermal Hg-Au deposit Guizhou.

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Erentaolegai silver deposit in Inner Mongolia as an example of epithermal deposit

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第S2期44卷 25-27页

作者： CHEN Xiang and XIAO Li Gold Geological Institute of State Economic and Trade Commission, Langfang 065000, China Gold Geological Institute of State Economic and Trade Commission Langfang 065000 China

1 Comparison with the characteristics of geology and geochemistry of typical epithermal silverdeposit Erentaolegai silver deposit is located to the west bank of Kelulun river in the Xibarhuyou Banner,south-west of Manzhouli. The geotectonic is the joint of Hailar basin and Manzhouli-Xinbarhuyou Banner’svolcanic mole track. The stratas in the mining area are upper Jurassic Tamolangou formation andShangkuli formation: the former consists of andesite mainly and the latter is divided into three parts fromtop to bottom, namely rhyolite, decite, trachyte. The types of igeous rock in the mining area are graniteand quartz porphyry, both with age (120 ±6) Ma as determined by the Rb-Sr isochron. The principalstructures in the mining areas are faults, trending SN, NW, NE, mainly SN. The ore bodies are controlledby faults. It is a large-scale silver deposit found recently. Many years’ research shows that it is a silverepithermal deposit. Table 1 lists a comparison with the typical silver epithermal deposits.

关键词： Erentaolegai silver deposit epithermal deposit Inner Monguolia

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Alkalic-type epithermal gold mineralization associated with Tongshi complex in Pinyi County, Shandong Province

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第S2期44卷 236-238页

作者： XIONG Xiaolin, ZHAO Zhenhua and WANG Qiang Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China

THE alkali-rich subvolcanic complex of Tongshi and the associated gold mineralization are located at thesouth boundary of Pinyi Mesozoic volcanic depression in western Shandong Province. There are morethan 30 gold deposits and mineralization locations around the complex, in which Guilaizhuang gold deposit and Zhuojiazhuang bonanza gold deposit with important economic value are included. This area isbecoming a perspective target of superlarge gold deposit. In the mine area, there crop out Archeangranitic gneisses, Paleozoic carbonates and Jurassic clastic rocks, which was intruded by Tongshi complexwith 30 km. The complex consists of K-high igneous rocks formed by two stages of magmatism. In thefirst stage, the monzonitic dioritic porphyrys, which belong to K-high calc-alkalic rocks, were formed andin the second stage, monzonitic-syenitic porphyrys, which belong to K-high alkalic rocks, were formed.Their Ar-Ar ages are 189 Ma and 188 Ma, respectively. At the end of the second stage, a lot of theexplosive breccias were formed. The gold mineralization in this area is closely associated in time andspace with the second stage monzonitic-syenitic porphyrys. Based on the characteristics of

关键词： epithermal gold mineralization Tongshi complex Pinyi County Shandong Province.

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Comparison of two end-member styles of epithermal Au-(Cu)deposits

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第S2期44卷 212-213页

作者： FAN Hongrui and XIE Yihan Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

EPITHERMA Au-(Cu) deposits occur largely in volcano-plutonic arcs (island arcs as well as continentalarcs) associated with subduction zones, with ages similar to those of volcanism. These deposits form atshallow depth,epithermal deposits. Recent studies also indicate that the volcanic epithennalore deposits are formed from magmatic fluids, although the magmatic signatures have been largely erasedby meteoric water. At depth (fig. 1), the magmatic fluid from the high-level intrusive magma will result in the formation of intrusion-related deposits (e.g. porphyry Cu, Au, Mo deposits). Detailed studies of fluid inclusions and stable isotopes indicate that the hydrothermal system that form these deposits are initially

关键词： epithermal Au(Cu) deposit mineralization ore-forming fluid.

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Tracer system on halogen mineralizer from the epithermal deposits in Guizhou Province

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第S2期44卷 159-161页

作者： PAN Jiayong, ZHANG Qian and SHAO Shuxun Open Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Geochemistry of Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China Open Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Geochemistry of Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China

HALOGENS are typical mineralizer elements and play a very important role in remobilization and resettlement of the ore-forming mental elements in the hydrothermal deposits. Studies of tracer system on halogens mineralizer include the following aspects: (i) halogens’ role as mineralizer in ore-forming action;(ii) halogens importance as tracer elements in formation and evolution of the epithermal ore deposit;(iii) halogens’ significance as guidance in looking for the buried orebodies. Guizhou is a concentrated area of epithermal Hg, Sb and Au deposits, where are distributed famousepithermal deposits such as the Wanshan Hg deposit, the Banpo Sb deposit, the Danzhai Hg-Au depositand the Lannigou Au deposit. Many researches into geological and geochemical characteristics of thesedeposits have been done, but few study on halogen mineralizer.

关键词： tracer system halogens mineralizer epithermal deposits Guizhou.

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Kinetics of ore-forming fluids in epithermal systems

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第S2期44卷 5-6页

作者： ZHANG Ronghua, ZHANG Xuetong and HU Shumin Open Research Laboratory of Geochemical Kinetics, Institute of Mineral Deposits, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China Open Research Laboratory of Geochemical Kinetics Institute of Mineral Deposits Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China

As verified by the data of fluid inclusions in minerals in some paleo-hydrothermal systems, a lowering intemperature of the ore-forming fluids and a decrease in salinity occurred simultaneously from the centralzone （deep part） of the deposit profile to its outer zone （shallow part）. The usual situation shown byexperimental data is that solubility rises with an increase in temperature, as shown by quartz and manyore minerals. However, the solubility of some minerals increases as the temperature decreases within acertain temperature range. Therefore, continuous deposition cannot be achieved as the temperature of thesystem decreases, as in the cases of calcite, fluorite, and anhydrite. In water and NaCl-H2O systems,the solubility of calcite （or anhydrite） decreases with a rise in temperature at < 300℃ (or < 450℃

关键词： kinetics ore-forming fluids epithermal systems.

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