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Soil algae enzymes and their biotechnological applications

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Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2022年第4期2卷 589-606页

作者： Mohammad Amin Shoarnaghavi Arti Mishra Arian Amirifar Smruthi Sagarika Mahapatra Khatereh Nobaharan Arash Hemati Behnam Asgari Lajayer Tess Astatkie Department of Biology Islamic Azad University of UrmiaUrmiaIran Amity Institute of Microbial Technology Amity UniversityNoidaUttar Pradesh 201303India Indira Gandhi Agricultural University RaipurChhattisgarh 492012India 12/9 Browns Avenue RingwoodMelbourneVIC 3134Australia Department of Soil Science Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of TabrizTabrizIran Faculty of Agriculture Dalhousie UniversityTruroNS B2N 5E3Canada

At present time,most of the enzymes are derived from biological sources,including plants,animals,microalgae,algae,and other microorganisms.Microorganism enzymes,among the others,account for the biggest part of application and demand in industries.These enzymes from soil microorganisms are very essential not only for soil fertility but also for biotechnological significance.Soil enzymes from microalage,comprising Amylase,Carbonic anhydrase,Galactosidase,Laccase,L-Asparaginase,Lipase,Peroxidase,Phytase,Protease,and Superoxide dismutase attract a considerable amount of attention for themselves in various industries.Most of the enzymes mentioned above have a great potential for their application in biotechnology and agriculture.Majority of such enzymes are known for their versatility and countless applications in various fields;thus,performing research on these enzymes in the future would be auspicious.This review paper presents an overview of the potential of soil algae enzymes in fields like biotechnology,medicine and agriculture,and also provides areas for advancement in researches related to this field.

关键词： Soil algae Microalgae enzymes Biotechnological applications

Impact of obese levels on the hepatic expression of nuclear receptors and drug-metabolizing enzymes in adult and offspring mice

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2020年第1期10卷 171-185页

作者： Pei Wang Xueyan Shao Yifan Bao Junjie Zhu Liming Chen Lirong Zhang Xiaochao Ma Xiao-bo Zhong Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of PharmacyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of PharmacyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA

The prevalence of obesity-associated conditions raises new challenges in clinical medication.Although altered expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes(DMEs)has been shown in obesity,the impacts of obese levels(overweight,obesity,and severe obesity)on the expression of DMEs have not been elucidated.Especially,limited information is available on whether parental obese levels affect ontogenic expression of DMEs in children.Here,a high-fat diet(HFD)and three feeding durations were used to mimic different obese levels in C57BL/6 mice.The hepatic expression of five nuclear receptors(NRs)and nine DMEs was examined.In general,a trend of induced expression of NRs and DMEs(except for Cyp2c29 and 3a11)was observed in HFD groups compared to low-fat diet(LFD)groups.Differentialeffects of HFD on the hepatic expression of DMEs were found in adult mice at different obese levels.Family-based dietary style of an HFD altered the ontogenic expression of DMEs in the offspring older than 15 days.Furthermore,obese levels of parental mice affected the hepatic expression of DMEs in offspring.Overall,the results indicate that obese levels affected expression of the DMEs in adult individuals and that of their children.Drug dosage might need to be optimized based on the obese levels.

关键词： Diet-induced obesity Overweight High-fat diet Drug-metabolizing enzymes Nuclear receptors Ontogenic expression

Nickel-Carnosine complex:A new carrier for enzymes immobilization by affinity adsorption

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第10期34卷 237-246页

作者： Junyang Xu Yanjun Jiang Liya Zhou Li Ma Zhihong Huang Jiafu Shi Jing Gao Ying He School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300130China Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization School of Environmental Science&EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation of Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300130China

Immobilization is an effective method to promote the application of enzyme industry for improving the stability and realizing recovery of enzyme.To some extent,the performance of immobilized enzyme depends on the choice of carrier material.Therefore,the development of new carrier materials has been one of the key issues concerned by enzyme immobilization researchers.In this work,a novel organic–inorganic hybrid material,nickel-carnosine complex(NiCar),was synthesized for the first time by solvothermal method.The obtained NiCar exhibits spherical morphology,hierarchical porosity and abundant unsaturated coordination nickel ions,which provide excellent anchoring sites for the immobilization of proteins.His-tagged organophosphate-degrading enzyme(Opd A)and x-transaminase(ω-TA)were used as model enzymes to evaluate the performance of NiCar as a carrier.By a simple adsorption process,the enzyme molecules can be fixed on the particles of NiCar,and the stability and reusability are significantly improved.The analysis of protein adsorption on NiCar verified that the affinity adsorption between the imidazole functional group on the protein and the unsaturated coordination nickel ions on NiCar was the main force in the immobilization process,which provided an idea way for the development of new enzyme immobilization carriers.

关键词： Nickel carnosine complex Organic-inorganic hybrid materials Carrier enzymes Immobilization

Novel Kdr mutations (K964R and A943V) in pyrethroid-resistant populations of Triatoma mazzottii and Triatoma longipennisUoro Mexico and detoxifying enzymes

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Insect Science 2019年第5期26卷 809-820页

作者： Jesus Davila-Barboza O.Karina Villanueva-Segura Beatriz Lopez-Monroy Gustavo Ponce-Garcia Cristina Bobadilla-Utrera Mayela Montes-Rincon Zinnia J.Molina-Garza Juan I.Arredondo-Jimenez Iram P.Rodriguez-Sanchez Pablo C.Manrique-Saide Adriana E.Flores Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL) Facultad de Ciencias BiologicasSan Nicolas de los GarzaNLMexico Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Publica de los Servicios de Salud de Veracruz VeracruzMexico Campus de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos EntomologicosUniversidad Autonoma de YucatanMeridaYucatanMexico

Although having five different ways of transmission the vector-borne is the principal way of transmission of Chagas disease, which involves insects of the subfamily Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Nineteen of the 31 species that occur in Mexico are associated with humans, and all are capable of transmitting the disease. Pyrethroids are the insecticides recommended for the control of these vectors in Mexico. We determined the susceptibility to the pyrethroids dcltamethrin and permethrin of peridomestic populations of Triatoma mazzottii Usinger and two populations of Triatoma longipetmis Usinger in comparison with a reference strain for each species. Bioassays were performed for the determination of the LD50 for both field populations and reference strains. A maximum of 27 fold resistance to deltamethrin was observed in T. mazzottii, meanwhile, for permethrin, T. longipennis from Jalisco show the highest value of 3.19 fold. There was significantly increased activity of esterases in field populations in comparison with their corresponding reference strain. The results of the search of kdr mutations related to the resistance to deltamethrin and permethrin in the evaluated species show the presence of mutations in the field populations, as is the case with individuals of T. mazzottii, for which the mutation was found A943V, and for the two populations of T. longipennis included in this study, we report the presence of the kdr mutation K964R. Evaluation of the various mechanisms involved in resistance to pyrethroids in triatomines from Mexico could guide us to the real justification for insecticide resistance monitoring.

关键词： detoxifying enzymes kdr pyrethroids Triatoma longipennis Triatoma mazzottii

Characterizing drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters that are bona fide CAR-target genes in mouse intestine

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2016年第5期6卷 475-491页

作者： Shinhee Park Sunny Lihua Cheng Julia Yue Cui Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of Washington

Intestine is responsible for the biotransformation of many orally-exposed chemicals.The constitutive androstane receptor(CAR/Nr1i3) is known to up-regulate many genes encoding drugmetabolizing enzymes and transporters(drug-processing genes/DPGs) in liver,but less is known regarding its effect in intestine.Sixty-day-old wild-type and Car / mice were administered the CARligand TCPOBOP or vehicle once daily for 4 days.In wild-type mice,Car m RNA was down-regulated by TCPOBOP in liver and duodenum.Car / mice had altered basal intestinal expression of many DPGs in a section-specific manner.Consistent with the liver data(Aleksunes and Klaassen,2012),TCPOBOP upregulated many DPGs(Cyp2b10,Cyp3a11,Aldh1a1,Aldh1a7,Gsta1,Gsta4,Gstm1-m4,Gstt1,Ugt1a1,Ugt2b34,Ugt2b36,and Mrp2–4) in specific sections of small intestine in a CAR-dependent manner.However,the m RNAs of Nqo1 and Papss2 were previously known to be up-regulated by TCPOBOP in liver but were not altered in intestine.Interestingly,many known CAR-target genes were highest expressed in colon where CAR is minimally expressed,suggesting that additional regulators are involved in regulating their expression.In conclusion,CAR regulates the basal expression of many DPGs in intestine,and although many hepatic CAR-targeted DPGs were bona fide CAR-targets in intestine,pharmacological activation of CAR in liver and intestine are not identical.

关键词： Drug-processing genes Intestine Mice CAR Drug-metabolizing enzymes Transporters

Recent progress in two-photon small molecule fluorescent probes for enzymes

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2019年第10期30卷 1738-1744页

作者： Ding Chen Wenjing Qin Haixiao Fang Lan Wang Bo Peng Lin Li Wei Huang Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(KLOFE)&Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) Nanjing Tech University(NanjingTech)Nanjing 211816China Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics(SIFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University(NPU)Xi'an 710072China

enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts which can accelerate chemical reactions in living organisms. Almost all the physiological metabolism activities in the cell need enzymes to sustain life via rapid catalysis. Currently, medical research has proved that abnormal enzyme activity is associated with numerous diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease(PD), Alzheimer’s disease(AD) and cancers. On the other hand, early diagnosis of those diseases is of great significance to improve the survival rate and cure rate.In the current diagnostic tools, two-photon fluorescent probes(TPFPs) are developing rapidly due to their unique advantages, such as higher spatial resolution, deeper imaging depth, and lower biotoxicity.Therefore, the design and synthesis of two-photon(TP) small molecule enzymatic probes have broad prospects for early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. As of now, scientists have developed many TP small molecule enzymatic probes. This review aims to summarize the TP small molecule enzymatic probes and expound the reaction mechanism.

关键词： enzymes Fluorescence Two-photon probes Fluorogenic probes Small molecule Disease

Effect of plant extracts on activity of some defense enzymes of apple fruit in interaction with Botrytis cinerea

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第1期18卷 115-123页

作者： Jalal Gholamnezhad Department of Horticultural Sciences Faculty of Agriculture & Natural ResourcesArdakan University

The efficacy of seven plant extracts(neem,fennel,lavender,thyme,pennyroyal,salvia and asafetida) in controlling postharvest of apple(caused by Botrytis cinerea) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo.In vitro,all plant extracts treatments inhibited spore germination.Inhibitory rates of pore germination was 17.41 and 20.83% for neem extract treatment(methanolic and aqueous extracts,respectively) with significant difference compared to control(73.6 and 85.33%) for aqueous and methanol extracts.In the storage conditions,the application of aqueous extract of neem(at concentration of 25%) resulted in 89.11% reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control.Results of enzymes activity showed the plant extracts can increase the activity of peroxidase,phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,β-1,3-glucanase and polyphenol oxidase in the presence of pathogens,in apple fruits.However,the results of this research revealed that application of neem extracts was more effective than the application of other plant extracts.According to this study,it could be concluded that plant extracts may be useful to control postharvest disease as a safe alternative option to chemical fungicides.

关键词： Botrytis cinerea defense enzymes plant extracts spore germination

Phage lytic enzymes: a history

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Virologica Sinica 2015年第1期30卷 26-32页

作者： David Trudil New Horizons Diagnostic Corporation Baltimore MD 21227 USA

There are many recent studies regarding the efficacy of bacteriophage-related lytic enzymes: the enzymes of ‘bacteria-eaters' or viruses that infect bacteria. By degrading the cell wall of the targeted bacteria, these lytic enzymes have been shown to efficiently lyse Gram-positive bacteria without affecting normal flora and non-related bacteria. Recent studies have suggested approaches for lysing Gram-negative bacteria as well(Briersa Y, et al., 2014). These enzymes include: phage-lysozyme, endolysin, lysozyme, lysin, phage lysin, phage lytic enzymes, phageassociated enzymes, enzybiotics, muralysin, muramidase, virolysin and designations such as Ply, PAE and others. Bacteriophages are viruses that kill bacteria, do not contribute to antimicrobial resistance, are easy to develop, inexpensive to manufacture and safe for humans, animals and the environment. The current focus on lytic enzymes has been on their use as anti-infectives in humans and more recently in agricultural research models. The initial translational application of lytic enzymes, however, was not associated with treating or preventing a specifi c disease but rather as an extraction method to be incorporated in a rapid bacterial detection assay(Bernstein D, 1997).The current review traces the translational history of phage lytic enzymes–from their initial discovery in 1986 for the rapid detection of group A streptococcus in clinical specimens to evolving applications in the detection and prevention of disease in humans and in agriculture.

关键词： bacteriophage phage lytic enzymes translational application lysin

Evaluation of antioxidant enzymes performances and DNA damage induced by bisphenol A and diisobutylphthalate in Hyperiodrilus africanus-earthworms

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Emerging Contaminants 2020年第1期6卷 1-9页

作者： Olanrewaju Olujimi Rhoda Ayoola Oluwafunmilayo Olayinka Oluwatosin Dosumu Solomon Rotimi Adeyinka Aladesida Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology Federal University of AgriculturePMB 2240AbeokutaOgun StateNigeria Department of Biochemistry Federal University of AgriculturePMB 2240AbeokutaOgun StateNigeria Department of Biochemistry Covenant UniversityOtaOgun StateNigeria Department of Pure and Applied Zoology Federal University of AgriculturePMB 2240AbeokutaOgun StateNigeria

Background:Bisphenol A(BPA)and diisobuthylphthalate(DIBP)have found wide applications as plasticizers;however,they are covalently bonded to materials and are subsequently leached into the environment.Methods:This study evaluated the effects of BPA,DIBP and mixtures of BPA and DIBP on the antioxidant enzymes[superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)]activities using standard methods and DNA profile of earthworm(Hyperiodrilus africanus)using randomly amplified polymerase chain reaction(RAPD-PCR)method.A total of 2 kg soil samples collected from FADAMA Farm,Federal University of Agriculture,Abeokuta were spiked to obtain 1,2.5,5 and 10 ppm of BPA,DIBP and mixtures of BPA and DIBP.Earthworms were exposed to the unpolluted and spiked soil samples and were collected on the 7th and 14th day for SOD,POD and DNA analysis.Results:SOD activity was more pronounced at 5 and 10 ppm concentrations.POD activity was increased in all concentrations,including the control,meanwhile POD activity induced by BPA and DIBP was significantly higher(p<0.05)at 10 ppm compared to other concentrations.RAPD-PCR analysis revealed varying DNA fragment lengths due to excessive oxidative stress generated by the treatments,resulting in DNA damage.BPA and DIBP mixtures generated more fragments of DNA on day 14 than other treatments.Conclusions:This study established that antioxidant activity decreases with exposure time to BPA and DIBP,while DNA damage increases with exposure time.

关键词： BPA DIBP Antioxidants enzymes Earthworms