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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 79-87页

作者： Huan Ma Yueyue Jiao Wenping Guo Xingchen Liu Yongwang Li Xiaodong Wen State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesTaiyuan 030001China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids Synfuels China Co.Ltd.Beijing 101400China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering IndustryUniversity Cooperation Base between Beijing Information S&T University and Synfuels China Co.Ltd.Beijing 100101China

Solid surfaces usually reach thermodynamic equilibrium through particle exchange with their environment under reactive conditions.A prerequisite for understanding their functionalities is detailed knowledge of the surface composition and atomistic geometry under working conditions.Owing to the large number of possible Miller indices and terminations involved in multielement solids,extensive sampling of the compositional and conformational space needed for reliable surface energy estimation is beyond the scope of ab initio calculations.Here,we demonstrate,using the case of iron carbides in environments with varied carbon chemical potentials,that the stable surface composition and geometry of multielement solids under reactive conditions,which involve large compositional and conformational spaces,can be predicted at ab initio accuracy using an approach that combines the bond valence model,Gaussian process regression,and ab initio thermodynamics.Determining the atomistic structure of surfaces under working conditions paves the way toward identifying the true active sites of multielement catalysts in heterogeneous catalysis.

关键词： surfaces solids environments

Effects of Thirty Days Isolation on Attention Networks: A Behavioral and Event-related Potential Study

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第1期40卷 127-132页

作者： Jingda Feng Bin Wu Ziqing Cao Hailong Chen Tianjun Lan Haibo Qin Yusheng Shi Weifen Huang Yinghui Li Department of Aerospace Science and Technology Space Engineering UniversityBeijing 101400China China Astronaut Research and Training Center Beijing 100094China State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing 100094China School of Psychology Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 710000China

Kear Editor,Individuals in isolated,confined,and extreme environments,such as astronauts,researchers wintering over Antarctica,submarine soldiers,and participants in simulated isolation environment experiments,commonly report difficulty in focusing their attention[1,2].However,current experimental findings from studies conducted in such environments are insufficient to fully support these self-reports of reduced attention.Certain attention-demanding tasks such as simple reaction time(RT)tasks and dual tasks,including primary pursuit tracking and secondary RT,were not affected in space flight experiments[2,3].

关键词： environments submarine winter

A design and manufacturing methodology for encoded soft-textile robots

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第5期67卷 212-213页

作者： Yihui Zhang Applied Mechanics Laboratory Department of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The development of programmable soft robots with bioinspired morphing capabilities has attracted considerable interest.The mode and complexity of morphing capabilities are essential to the manipulation and movement ab... 详细信息

关键词： environments robots manipulation

Carbon preservation in sedimentary deposits: Beyond mineral protection

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 5-6页

作者： Yunpeng Zhao Juan Jia Chengzhu Liu Xiaojuan Feng State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China China National Botanical Garden Beijing 100093China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The deposition and preservation of organic carbon(OC)in sedimentary environments(including soils and sediments)play major roles in mediating the global carbon cycle.More than 90%of OC burial in the ocean occurs in continental margin sediments,which contributes to the evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere,such as oxygen content,over geological timescales.1 However,how OC escapes mineralization and persists in such sedimentary deposits has long been a puzzle.Mineral protection through physicochemical associations of organic matter with minerals and cations is considered to be one of the primary mechanisms contributing to the environmental persistence of sedimentary OC.

关键词： sedimentary mineralization environments

区域场地土壤跨介质污染物多源清单:中国场地土壤污染防治的新策略

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Science Bulletin 2024年第5期69卷 566-569页

作者：李晔何天豪丁方方李小飞黄晔何尔凯蔡虹明史沛丽柳检李岩曲瑞娟郑旺谢云峰刘杏梅赵玲刘敏 Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science(Ministry of Education) School of Geographic SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China College of Environmental Natural Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Technical Centre for Soil Agriculture and Rural Ecology and EnvironmentMinistry of Ecology and EnvironmentBeijing 100012China Institute of Surface-Earth System Science School of Earth System ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

China has experienced rapid economic development and industrialization during the past four decades,leading to widespread distribution of various types of industrial facilities[1].With the understanding of soil contamination induced by industrial sites and rapid urbanization,abandoned industrial sites are generally reclassified for urban land[2].The remained brownfield sites(the sites of abandoned,idle,or under used industrial and commercial facilities where expansion or redevelopment is hindered by environmental contamination)exhibit great health risks to the residents due to that pollutants were continuously discharged intothe surrounding environments[3].

关键词：土壤污染防治 environments facilities

Prediction of and for new environments: What's your model?

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Molecular Plant 2022年第4期15卷 581-582页

作者： Hans-Peter Piepho University of Hohenheim Institute of Crop ScienceBiostatistics UnitFruwirthstrasse 2370599 StuttgartGermany

Genomic prediction(GP)and genome-wide association studies(GWAS)employ genetic variants(markers)to predict phenotypic performance and identify superior genotypes.In plants,due to genotype-environment interaction(GEI),performance is usually assessed across multiple environments,giving rise to phenotypic data matrices with genotypes in rows and environments in columns(Figure 1).The standard approaches to GP and GWAS employ genotype(row)means across environments as a response and analysis focuses on the genotypes.Li et al.,2022 proposed to apply the same idea using environment(column)means across genotypes as the response and scanning environmental variants for their ability to predict environmental performance.

关键词： environments Figure performance

A new species of Bostrychus (Gobiiformes: Eleotridae) from the East China Sea

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Zoological Research(Diversity and Conservation) 2024年第1期1卷 82-85页

作者： Rong-Rong Zhang Kuan Yang Dian Luo Shao-Xiong Ding College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujian 361102China

DEAR EDITOR,Bostrychus,a genus in the family Eleotridae of the order Gobiiformes,was first established by Lacepède in 1801(Buffon,1801).Bostrychus currently contains seven recognized species,including two recent additions(B.microphthalmos and B.scalaris)described in 2005(Hoese&Kottelat,2005)and 2008(Larson,2008),respectively.The natural range of Bostrychus species extends from East Asia to Australia,with the exception of B.africanus,Steindachner,1879,which is distributed in West Africa(Herre,1946).Among the recognized species,B.sinensis,B.zonatus,and B.africanus are relatively widespread,inhabiting diverse areas from estuaries to freshwater streams,while B.scalaris is only found at a single mangrove site in the Selangor State of Malaysia(Larson,2008).The remaining three species exhibit a high degree of habitat specialization and are highly localized(Hoese&Kottelat,2005):B.microphthalmos inhabits a cave stream in the Maros karst of southern Sulawesi,B.aruensis is confined to freshwater environments in the Aru Islands of Indonesia,and B.strigogenys is found only in freshwater areas in southern Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya.

关键词： East karst environments

Exploring the nonlinear piezoresistive effect of 4HSiC and developing MEMS pressure sensors for extreme environments

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第2期9卷 59-76页

作者： Chen Wu Xudong Fang Qiang Kang Ziyan Fang Junxia Wu Hongtao He Dong Zhang Libo Zha Bian Tian Ryutaro Maedai Zhuangde Jjang State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement TechnologiesXian Jiaotong UniversityXian 710049China School of Mechanical Engineering Xian Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing Yantai 265503China Xi'an Jiaotong University(Yantai)Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXianChina HeBei Semiconductor Research Institute Shjiazhuang 050051China

Microelectromechanical system(MEMS)pressure sensors based on silicon are widely used and offer the benefits of miniaturization and high precision.However,they cannot easily withstand high temperatures exceeding 150 ℃ because of intrinsic material limits.Herein,we proposed and executed a systematic and full-process study of Sic-based MEMS pressure sensors that operate stably from-50 to 300 ℃.First,to explore the nonlinear piezoresistive effect,the temperature coefficient of resistance(TCR)values of 4H-SiC piezoresistors were obtained from-50 to 500 ℃.A conductivity variation model based on scattering theory was established to reveal the nonlinear variation mechanism.Then,a piezoresistive pressure sensor based on 4H-SiC was designed and fabricated.The sensor shows good output sensitivity(3.38 mVN/MPa),accuracy(0.56%FS)and low temperature coefficient of sensitivity(TCS)(-0.067%FS/℃)in the range of-50 to 300 ℃.In addition,the survivability of the sensor chip in extreme environments was demonstrated by its anti-corrosion capability in H_(2)SO_(4) and NaOH solutions and its radiation tolerance under 5 W X-rays.Accordingly,the sensor developed in this work has high potential to measure pressure in high-temperature and extreme environments such as are faced in geothermal energy extraction,deep well dilling,aeroengines and gas turbines.

关键词： environments extreme nonlinear

General regulations about submitting manuscripts to Journal of Palaeogeography

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第1期13卷 F0003-F0003页

1.Journal of Palaeogeography [JoP] publishes in the general fields of sedimentology and palaeontology that include a distinct and noticeable palaeogeographic aspect or perspective.High-quality original research articles and authoritative reviews are welcomed.Subdisciplines of interest to JoP include (but not limited to):Facies analysis and sedimentary environments;Palaeobiology (including taxonomy) and palaeoecology;Palaeobiogeography;Stratigraphy;Sequence stratigraphy;Sedimentary geochemistry;Provenance analysis;Palaeoclimatology.

关键词： geochemistry sedimentary environments

Alloyed Au-Ag nanorods with desired plasmonic properties and stability in harsh environments

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Photonics Research 2019年第5期7卷 558-565页

作者： Yuan Ni Caixia Kan Longbing He Xingzhong Zhu Mingming Jiang Daning Shi College of Science Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 210016 China Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education Nanjing 210016 China SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Institute Suzhou 215123 China

Bio-chemical molecular detection in the nanoscale, based on alloyed nanorods(NRs) with tunable surface plasmon resonance(SPR) properties and high chemical stability, has attracted particular interest. In this work,alloyed Au-Ag NRs with tunable aspect ratios were achieved by annealing Au nanobipyramid-directed Au@Ag core-shell NRs. The core-shell NRs were encapsulated within mesoporous silica outer shells to avoid fusion or aggregation. The structural stability of fully alloyed Au-Ag NRs, including chemical and thermal stability, is remarkably improved compared with that of Au@Ag core-shell NRs. The alloyed NRs would maintain the rod-like structure after being incubated in etchant solution, while Au@Ag core-shell NRs would decay into nanobipyramids.Additionally, fully alloyed NRs present stable morphology under annealing at high temperatures of up to 600℃ in air. Benefiting from excellent structural and chemical stabilities, the surface-enhanced Raman scattering effect based on alloyed NRs is stable in harsh environments. Taking advantage of tunable SPR properties(600–1800 nm) and excellent stability, the obtained nanostructures can serve as drug carriers. The perfect photo-thermal effect induced by the particular SPR of alloyed NRs can improve the release efficiency of drugs.

关键词： plasmonic properties stability harsh environments