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environmental cost and pollution risk caused by the industrial transfer in Qinghai Province

Frontiers of Earth Science 2014年第3期8卷 362-374页

作者： Qun'ou JIANG Chengcai TANG Jinyan ZHAN Wei ZHANG Feng WU School of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100038 China School of Tourism Management Beijing International Studies University Beijing 100024 China State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

With the rising pressure due to energy consumption and costs of environmental protection and recovery, industrial transfer from the eastern to central and western areas has surged in China. However, extremely fragile ecological conditions and severe water shortage are significant hurdles for industry development in Western China. Whether the vulnerable environment can bear the pollution caused by the transferred industry from Eastern China becomes a significant issue. This study firstly estimates energy and environmental costs in different areas of China, and assesses the necessity to upgrade the industrial structure of Qinghai Province. Then the emis- sions of waste water, waste gas, and smoke caused by transferred industries are calculated by Input-Output Model. On the basis of the effect analysis of waste emission on environment, pollution risks of Qinghai province are assessed. The results illustrate that the costs of environmental protection and recovery in China have a gradient distribution, of which the energy efficiency is Lower while environmental costs are higher in Western China. Industrial structure adjustment has different impacts on the pollution of different sectors. Although the development of machinery and equipment, hotels and catering services, and real estate, leasing, and business services has increased the emission of pollutants, it is offset by the decreasing emissions caused by other industries such as construction and metal products. Therefore, although economic development will increase environ- mental pollution, industrial adjustments can effectively decrease waste water and waste gas emissions to reduce the pollution risk. It should be noted that there are still tremendous challenges for industrial transfer in Qinghai Province to coordinate the environment and industry development.

关键词： environmental cost industrial transfer energy,pollution risk Qinghai

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The views and control of environmental cost

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2010年第6期6卷 28-32页

作者： SONG Chuan-lian HAN Li-rong Economy and Management College Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun 130022 China Management College Jilin University Changchun 130022 China

This article explores the concept of company environment cost, its classification and feature, and points out the difficulty for company to control environment cost actively. It offers the opinion that environment cost in regional economy development should be controlled by taking government as the center and discusses the control focus.

关键词： environmental cost government control

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Research on environmental cost Control Research Based on the Product Life Cycle

Research on Environmental Cost Control Research Based on the...

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2011 International Conference on Management Science and Intelligent Control(ICMSIC 2011)

作者： Huang Jing Unit:1.Doctoral student in reading from school of management of Tianjin University 2.School of accountancy of Shandong Institute of Business and Technology Address:Shandong Yantai

Based on the environmental costs and environmental costs of control analysis,life cycle thinking is proposed to This paper researches on the control of environmental cost by bringing forward the idea of life cycle based on the environmental costs and environmental costs control,and focuses on how to establish the environmental cost control system for product life cycle.

关键词： Life cycle environmental cost Control research

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Investigation on Difficulties and Indemnification Mechanism for Promoting environmental cost Calculation System in China

Investigation on Difficulties and Indemnification Mechanism ...

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2010公共管理国际会议（第六届）

作者： WANG Ge-pei MAO Chun-mei School of Public Administration Hohai University

In the face of the serious environmental problem day by day,people have realized that the activity of production and operation in enterprise is one of the most important reasons leading to the environmental pollution in the course of reviewing the traditional development *** enterprises have the responsibility for environmental *** article,first,tells the generation and connotation of the environmental cost;then points out the necessity of implementing environmental cost calculation system in China;and then,analyses the difficulties of implementing of environmental cost calculation system in China from environmental cost theory,the legal system,public awareness and other aspects;finally,this article establishes the mechanisms for the implementation of environmental cost calculation system in China,such as strengthening the research for theory and practice of the environmental cost calculation,speeding up the development of the legal protection mechanisms,improving incentive mechanisms,promoting and improving public participation mechanisms.

关键词： environmental cost Environment cost calculation Difficulties Indemnification mechanism

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environmental deterioration of farmlands caused by the irrational use of agricultural technologies

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第4期10卷 3-5页

作者： Xubin Pan Zhongkui Luo Yongbo Liu Institute of Plant Quarantine Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Beijing 100029 China CSIRO Agriculture Black Mountain ACT 2913 Australia State Key Laboratory of environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China

Without considering the ecosystem-depen- dence of agricultural production, irrational use of agricultural technologies could bring only short-term economic benefits but leave long-term environmental deterioration. If some agricultural lands have to be abandoned because of these technologies such as chemical films or groundwater depletion, it will aggravate the burden of remaining lands for maintaining or enhancing production. Thus, agricultural production should be a part of public services, requiring the consideration of interests of different stakeholders and sustainability.

关键词： agricultural film groundwater exploitation food security environmental cost

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A Green Mixed Integer Linear Programming Model for Optimization of Byproduct Gases in Iron and Steel Industry

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2015年第8期22卷 681-685页

作者： Hai-ning KONG College of Business Administration Capital University of Economics and Business

Byproduct gas is an important secondary energy in iron and steel industry, and its optimization is vital to cost reduction. With the development of iron and steel industry to be more eco-friendly, it is necessary to construct an integrated optimized system, taking economics, energy consumption and environment into consideration. Therefore, the environmental cost caused by pollutants discharge should be factored in total cost when optimizing byproduct gas distribution. A green mixed integer linear programming （MILP） model for the optimization of byproduct gases was established to reduce total cost, including both operation cost and environmental cost. The operation cost included penalty for gas deviation, costs of fuel and water consumption, holder booster trip penalty, and so forth; while the environmental cost consisted of penalties for both direct and indirect pollutants discharge. Case study showed that the proposed model brought an optimum solution and 2.2% of the total cost could be reduced compared with previous one.

关键词： green mixed integer linear programming environmental cost optimization iron and steel industry byproduct gas

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Long-Term environmental Accounting on Civil Infrastructures in Developing Countries

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Journal of environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2012年第1期1卷 1-18页

作者： Shinya Inazumi Hiroyasu Ohtsu DepartmentofUrbanManagemen KyotoUniversityKyoto615854Japan

This paper proposes the environmental burden and benefit assessment method, which contributes to the evaluation of public works, by considering a quantitative environmental impact. The method developed is applied for the Bangkok subway construction project, so that the environmental impact following the Bangkok subway construction work is evaluated on the basis of environmental accounting. As a result, it was possible to quantify the burden and benefits to the environment in the life cycle of the Bangkok subway. In addition by converting the burden and benefits of the Bangkok subway construction project into monetary terms and introducing the Economic Internal Rate of Return （EIRR）, it was possible to evaluate the subway construction project from an economic point of view.

关键词： cost benefit analysis emission factor environmental cost infrastructure.

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costs and Benefits of China＇s environmental Regulation

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China Economist 2011年第3期6卷 70-81页

作者：李钢马岩姚磊磊 Institute of Industrial Economics Chinese Academy of Social Sciences International Statistical Center National Bureau of Statistics （BS）

This paper examines the current costs, benefits and intensity of China＇s industrial environment regulation, as well as the path of regulatory enhancement. Regulatory intensity has been on the rise since 1997. The intensity was only 43 in 1997 and then reached 68 by 2007. This paper for the first time compares the treatment costs at the front and rear ends of pollution chain, employs the concept of regulatory benefit multiplier, and calculates the benefit multipliers for different pollutants. Results indicate that enhanced environmental protection since 1997 makes social and economic sense, particularly for the front end treatment of various pollutants since 2004, which have considerable economic benefits. After comparing the benefit multipliers, we have prioritized the pollutants for regulatory consideration： environmental regulation shouM be made tougher for waste water first, and then dust and fumes, followed by SO2 and lastly CO2. This will help to achieve the best environmental outcomes while incurring no additional economic costs.

关键词： protection of industrial environment environmental regulation environmental cost competitiveness

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TRANSFORMATION OF AGRICULTURE ON THE LOESS PLATEAU OF CHINA TOWARD GREEN DEVELOPMENT

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021年第4期8卷 491-500页

作者： Gang HE Zhaohui WANG Jianbo SHEN Zhenling CUI Fusuo ZHANG College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China College of Resources and environmental Sciences National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Loess Plateau of China is a typical dryland agricultural *** there has transformed from food shortage toward green development over the past seven decades,and has achieved world-renowned ***1950–1980,the population increased from 42 to 77 million,increasing grain production to meet food demand of rapid population growth was the greatest *** measures such as terracing and check-dam were the crucial strategies to increase crop *** 1981 to 2000,most of agronomic measures played a key role in increasing crops yield,and a series of policy support has benefited millions of *** expected,these measures and policies greatly increased crop production and basically achieved food security;but,low per capita GDP(only about 620 USD in 2000)was still a big *** 2001–2015,the increase in agricultural and non-agricultural income together supported the increase in farmer income to5781 USD·yr^(–1).Intensive agriculture that relies heavily on chemicals increased crop productivity by 56%.Steadfast policy support such as"Grain for Green Program"had an overwhelming advantage in protecting the natural ecological *** the new era,the integration of science and technology innovations,policy support and positive societal factors will be the golden key to further improve food production,protect environment,and increase smallholder income.

关键词： agronomic technologies economic returns education environmental cost food production government policy

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A Specific Way to Evaluate Ecosystem Services Based on a cost Model

A Specific Way to Evaluate Ecosystem Services Based on a Cos...

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作者： Siran Lee Chen Qi Chunyan Wang Business College of Southwest University

Land use projects will affect ecosystem services. Economic costs should include the negative effects of land use. And we should assess the environmental costs. We set up a cost model of environmental degradation. In the basic model, we mainly study the two main functions of the ecosystem. These functions are material supply services and air purification services（including dust retention value, water conservation and soil conservation, maintenance of soil fertility, etc）,and we found the value of functional losses. We use the intermediate materials transformation method and the market value method to transform the cost of environmental degradation in land projects into monetary value, and then calculate the costs of environmental degradation through the corresponding products or service prices. Through comparative analysis, we further optimize the basic model, and finally stabilize the standard deviation with the actual case at 0.1 ≤ 0.5. In the optimization model, we put forward the indirect loss of ecological service function on the basis of the basic model, and add the loss of air pollution to human health and regional agricultural products. At the same time, we also take into account the changes in the soil over time so that our model is more accurate.

关键词： ecosystem service environmental cost environmental degradation ecological protection ecological system system protection planning

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