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Comparative studies of critical physiological limits and vulnerability to environmental extremes in small ectotherms:How much environmental control is needed?

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第4期13卷 355-371页

作者： Ary A.HOFFMANN Carla M.SGRÒ School of BioSciences Bio21 InstituteThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia School of Biological Sciences Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia

Researchers and practitioners are increasingly using comparative assessments of critical thermal and physiological limits to assess the relative vulnerability of ectothermic species to extreme thermal and aridity conditions occurring under climate change.In most assessments of vulnerability,critical limits are compared across taxa exposed to different environmental and developmental conditions.However,many aspects of vulnerability should ideally be compared when species are exposed to the same environmental conditions,allowing a partitioning of sources of variation such as used in quantitative genetics.This is particularly important when assessing the importance of different types of plasticity to critical limits,using phylogenetic analyses to test for evolutionary constraints,isolating genetic variants that contribute to limits,characterizing evolutionary interactions among traits limiting adaptive responses,and when assessing the role of cross generation effects.However,vulnerability assessments based on critical thermal/physiological limits also need to take place within a context that is relevant to field conditions,which is not easily provided under controlled environmental conditions where behavior,microhabitat,stress exposure rates and other factors will differ from field conditions.There are ways of reconciling these requirements,such as by taking organisms from controlled environments and then testing their performance under field conditions(or vice versa).While comparisons under controlled environments are challenging for many taxa,assessments of critical thermal limits and vulnerability will always be incomplete unless environmental effects within and across generations are considered,and where the ecological relevance of assays measuring critical limits can be established.

关键词： comparative studies common garden critical limits ectotherms environmental control thermal limits stress resistance

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A sleep staging model for the sleep environment control based on machine learning

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建筑模拟(英文) 2023年第8期16卷 1409-1423页

作者： Ting Cao Zhiwei Lian Heng Du Jingyun Shen Yilun Fan Junmeng Lyu School of Design Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

To date,dynamic sleep environment has been attracted the focus of researchers.Owing to the individual difference on sleep phase and thermal comfort,changes in sleep environment should be occupant-centered,and precise regulation of the environment required current sleep stages.However,few studies connected occupants and the environment through physiological signal-based model of sleep staging.Therefore,this study tried to develop a data driven sleep staging model with higher accuracy through sleep experiments collecting information.Raw database was processed and selected efficiently according to the characteristics of physiological signals.Finally,the sleep staging model with an average accuracy of 93.9%was built,and other mean indicators(precision:82.5%,recall:83.1%,F1 score:82.8%)performed well.The features adopted by model were found to come from different brain regions,and the global brain signals were suggested to play an important role in the construction of sleep staging model.Moreover,the computational processing of physiology signals should consider their characteristics,i.e.,time domain,frequency domain,time-frequency domain and nonlinear characteristics.The model obtained in this study may deliver a credible reference to advance the research on control of sleep environment.

关键词： sleep environment sleep staging model physiological signals machine learning environmental control

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A design framework for a kinetic shading device system for building envelopes

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2023年第5期12卷 837-854页

作者： Felipe Tavares da Silva Julia Cruz Gaspari Veras Architecture and Urbanism Department Universidade Federal da ParaibaJoão PessoaPBBrazil Architecture Faculty Universidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBABrazil

This paper presents a design framework of a shading device applied on a building envelope,with a scheduled automatic activation logic,based on a sun path diagram.This proposal aims to balance the direct sun indoor exposure by evaluating the envelope area exposed to direct sun rays and the hourly activation rate of shading devices.These procedures are over the parametric modeling and simulation platform using raytracing,structural finite element analysis,and Computer Numerical control(CNC)prototyping.The design process of building envelopes equipped with kinetic devices can use all these design resources.The kinetic device’s activation logic relies on the feed-forward paradigm,scheduling the activation from the parametric modeling and the sun path diagram,using an angle threshold between the device post and the sun vector as a parameter.The design framework showed the preliminary path to develop shading devices considering the building envelope shape with a feedforward activation logic based on local sun path characteristics.

关键词： Kineticarchitecture Shading device Kinetic design environmental control

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Short-wavelength light induces broiler’s behavioral and physiological syndrome through a misaligned eating rhythm

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2022年第3期15卷 47-54页

作者： Yefeng Yang Qiong Liu Shouyi Wang Li Zeng Chenghao Pan Ahmed Jado Yasser Elhadidi Kai Liu Jinming Pan Department of Biosystems Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Agricultural Engineering Mansoura UniversityMansoura 35516Egypt Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310058China

Previous work shows that long-wavelength light has a robust circadian rhythmic pattern in the expression of clock genes of chickens,whereas short-wavelength light leads to an arrhythmic oscillation of some clock genes(e.g.,cClock,cCry1,cCry2,cPer2,and cPer3).However,knowledge about the consequences of LED lights on the physiological and behavioral phenotype was still not clear.This experiment hypothesize that short-wavelength light disturbs chicken’s eating rhythm and leads to a wrong time to eat,resulting in metabolic syndrome.“Meihuang”broilers were housed in monochromatic LED blue light,green light,yellow light,red light,or white light with a very low dose(15 lx).Multiply physiological parameters were measured and the 24-h eating behavior was determined.The effects of LED light on physiological status and behavioral phenotype showed a wavelength-dependent manner.Short-wavelength light significantly decreased the level of total triglycerides and total cholesterol but increased triiodothyronine concentration.Inversely,long-wavelength light increased the triglycerides and total cholesterol and reduced the level of triiodothyronine.Further,it was found that short-wavelength light significantly boosted body weight compared with long-wavelength light,despite equivalent levels of food intake.Short-wavelength light induced 23.4%and 14.1%of food consumption during subjective nights,but long-wavelength light did not.These results imply that when chickens eat mattered,not just what they eat.Thus,low as 15 lx of blue light exposure during the typical dark period is sufficient to leads an individual to eat at“wrong”time,causing metabolic dysfunction.

关键词： short-wavelength light broiler behavior physiology environmental control circadian rhythm intermittent eating

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Effects of oxygen and moisture on the I-V characteristics of TiO_(2) thin films

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Journal of Materiomics 2018年第3期4卷 228-237页

作者： Wanheng Lu Lai-Mun Wong Shijie Wang Kaiyang Zeng Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1117576Singapore Institute of Materials Research and Engineering(IMRE) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)2 Fusionopolis WayInnovis#08-03138634Singapore

Current-voltage(I-V)characteristics well reveal the resistive switching performance of materials promising for the next-generation memory-resistance random access memory(ReRAM).It has been observed that the atmospheric environment can affect the resistive switching performance,but the origin of this effect is still under debate.Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy(c-AFM)is widely used to study the resistive switching performance because of its capability to realize the resistive switching at the nanoscale that is becoming attractive as the miniaturization of memory devices.This study therefore aims to understand the effects of oxygen and moisture on the I-V characteristics of the TiO_(2)thin film by performing c-AFM measurements in ambient air,synthetic air,and argon gas.It is found that the oxygen in the environment can reduce the set and the reset voltages for the resistive switching,and it can also reduce the resistance at the low resistance state(LRS).Where the moisture in the environment can increase the set and reset voltages,and increase the resistance at LRS.These effects of oxygen and moisture in the environment can be attributed to the modification of the effective electric field during the resistive switching processes,which have been further confirmed by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy(KPFM)measurements.In addition,it is found that the local ionic dynamics of TiO_(2)during the resistive switching are strongly dependent of the environments by performing the FORC-IV(First Order Reversal Curve-Current-Voltage)measurements in the three gas environments.Results in this work can provide a new perspective on the effect of environments on the resistive switching of materials,that is,the modulation of the effective electric field due to the adsorption of oxygen and moisture under the c-AFM tip.

关键词： Resistive switching environmental control c-AFM KPFM FORC-IV

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Optimization of rhizosphere cooling airflow for microclimate regulation and its effects on lettuce growth in plant factory

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第10期20卷 2680-2695页

作者： LI Kun FANG Hui ZOU Zhi-rong CHENG Rui-feng College of Horticulture Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in NorthwestMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of ChinaYangling 712100P.R.China Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Management of Agricultural StructuresMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of ChinaBeijing 100081P.R.China

In plant factories,the plant microclimate is affected by the control system,plant physiological activities and aerodynamic characteristics of leaves,which often leads to poor ventilation uniformity,suboptimal environmental conditions and inefficient air conditioning.In this study,interlayer cool airflow(ILCA)was used to introduce room air into plants’internal canopy through vent holes in cultivation boards and air layer between cultivation boards and nutrient solution surface(interlayer).By using optimal operating parameters at a room temperature of 28℃,the ILCA system achieved similar cooling effects in the absence of a conventional air conditioning system and achieved an energy saving of 50.8% while bringing about positive microclimate change in the interlayer and nutrient solution.This resulted in significantly reduced root growth by 41.7% without a negative influence on lettuce crop yield.Future development in this precise microclimate control method is predicted to replace the conventional cooling(air conditioning)systems for crop production in plant factories.

关键词： air movement environmental control microclimate water cooling root and shoot growth

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First order dynamics approaching of broiler chicken deep body temperature response to step changes in ambient temperature

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2017年第4期10卷 13-21页

作者： Takoi K.Hamrita Richard H.Conway College of Engineering University of GeorgiaDriftmier Engineering CenterAthensGeorgia 30602USA United Technologies Corporation 700 Olympic Dr.Athens GA 30601USA

Traditional environmental control methods for poultry housing which rely solely on environmental factors fall short in meeting thermal and physiological needs of the animals.New methods are needed that factor in the physiological needs and responses of the animals in order to maximize well-being of the animals and minimize heat stress.Deep body temperature(DBT)has been shown in the literature to be a strong indicator of heat stress,therefore studies are needed that help us gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between this variable and environmental conditions.The aim of this study was to identify the order of the dynamic response of poultry DBT to large step changes in ambient temperature(AT).Temperature steps had to be big enough to take the chickens out of their homeothermic zone.A total of 46 DBT/AT data sets with 23 upward AT steps and 23 downward AT steps were obtained using a biotelemetry system,and involving three chickens.DBT responses of individual chickens to step changes in AT were found to have a 0.88 average Pearson correlation suggesting consistency in chickens’responses to the same stimuli(p<0.0005).The data indicated that DBT responses to AT followed a first order behavior in most cases with an average time constant of 1.6 h,and the curve fitting method was used to validate this observation.There was a 0.88 average correlation between DBT model and measured data(p<0.0005).These results indicate statistical significance in the data used and the model derived from it.In conclusion,it is reasonable to assume that the dynamic response of poultry DBT to large step changes in ambient temperature follows a first order model.Although further studies are needed to more fully derive the model,this study provided a stepping-stone towards gaining a better understanding of the relationship between DBT and AT,therefore taking us one step closer towards making optimal management and risk assessment decisions that are based on physiological needs of the chickens.

关键词： environmental control ambient temperature deep body temperature biotelemetry step response dynamic modeling broiler chicken physiological responses

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从量考到质考：政府环保考核转型分析

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生态环境与保护 2019年第2期 105-111页

作者：张凌云齐晔毛显强龚梦洁

“十三五”以来，在中央环保督察行动实施的背景下，对地方政府环保绩效的考核正在实现从总量考核向质量考核的转型。针对这一重要转型，本文从委托代理激励设计的视角解释了转型发生的制度基础。从激励机制角度看，实施质量考核的难点... 详细信息

“十三五”以来，在中央环保督察行动实施的背景下，对地方政府环保绩效的考核正在实现从总量考核向质量考核的转型。针对这一重要转型，本文从委托代理激励设计的视角解释了转型发生的制度基础。从激励机制角度看，实施质量考核的难点主要在两方面，即要实现“信息有效”和“激励有效”。实现“信息有效”要克服信息不对称和信息模糊的问题；实现“激励有效”则要建立适度激励，并克服代理人“选择性关注”的问题。针对质量考核难点，本文分析了对实现从总量考核向质量考核转型做出贡献的制度变化，主要包括：①环境质量监测部门实现省级垂直管理，保障了质量监测工作不受地方行政干扰，有助于减少信息的不对称性。②中央环保督察行动强化了“公众参与”，主要体现在两方面：一是地方政府须严格落实群众举报的问题；二是举报问题的整治结果须全面接受群众监督。“公众参与”的强化有助于减少信息的不对称性和模糊性。③“党政同责、一岗双责”的新型责任机制纠正了地方环保工作中“权责不一”的问题。地方党委的职责强化，有助于提升地方政府在环保工作上的履职能力。④更为严厉的问责机制提高了地方党委和政府决策中“选择性关注”的成本，能有效规避“选择性关注”现象的发生。虽然这些制度调整为质量考核的实施提供了直接基础，但从更深层次来看，上述制度变化发生在一个底层制度变革的大背景下。由于公众参与得到了实质性的强化，环境治理从以政府内部行政考核为基础的管理模式，逐步迈向了以全社会网格化信息为基础的公共治理新阶段。

关键词：总量考核质量考核制度分析环境管理公共治理 quantity-based assessment quality-based assessment institutional analysis environmental control governance

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GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTLETS OF SPATHIPHYLLUM‘SENSATION’,IN ROOTING PHASE AFFECTED BY SUCROSE-FREE MEDIUM AND DIFFUSIVE VENTILATION

GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTLETS OF SPA...

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作者： Liao Feixiong Wang Biqing Yang Zhiyuan Xu Fangni Wang Guoping (Floricultural Research Institution,Guangdon Academy of Agricultural Science,Wushan street,510640,Guangzhou City,People’s Republic of China)

The studies were carried out to optimize culture condition and improve the quality of plantlets ofSpathiphyllum‘sensation’.whose plantlets were produced by micropropagated in vitro as valuable indoor foliage plants inSouth China.Regenerated shoots were transferred in 250ml glass vessels with 1/2MS(half strengths of Macroelements)supplemented with7g·L Agar,0.1mg·L NAA and 30g·L sucrose or sucrose-free as rooting medium.The vesselswere capped with Polypropylene film as the closed or with polypropylene film embedding a round gas-permeable mem-brane as diffusive ventilation and were maintained under a PPF of 30～40 umol·ms at daylength of 12h. Plantletscould survive and grow normally in the sucrose-free medium.During the culture the plantlets with diffusive ventilationturned out to grow rapidly at 21d,while those with the closed at 28d.The fresh weight increase in percentage with the dif-fusive ventilation were 2.19 times as those with the closed in the sucrose-free medium and 1.14 times in the sucrosemedium.Dry weight of the plantlets with diffusive ventilation was 2.17,1.59times as that with closed in the sucrose-freeand sucrose medium.rooting of the Plantlets had a sensitive response to the diffusive ventilation,with initiation to root 3～5d earlier,the plants with the diffusive ventilation had 3.6 pieces of roots per plant,1.67with the closed in the sucrose-free medium,while in the sucrose medium 6.56,4.97 respectively.Chlorophyll content determined using the second leaffrom the apices of plantlet both with diffusive ventilation and the closed were 1.88,1.77 mg·gFW respectively in thesucrose-free medium and 2.25,1.89 mg·gFW in the sucrose medium.Compared to the closed,the diffusive ventila-tion showed a favor toward the development of stomata for the larger density and openness of stomata in the both medium,which were observed under microscope using Coll odin copies of leaf surface structure.The Plantlets cultured under thediffusive ventilation grew better with a lower rate of death and aberrance when transplanted

关键词： Micropropagation environmental control Medium Foliage plants

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Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Plantlets of Spathiphyllum‘Sensation’in Rooting Phase as Affected by Sucrose-free Medium and Diffusive Ventilation

Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Plantlets of Spa...

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作者： Feixiong Liao Biqing Wang Fangni Xu (Floricultural Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science,Guangzhou,510640 China) Zhiyuan Yang Guoping Wang (College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,510640 China)

Regenerated shoots of Spathiphyllum‘sensation’were transferred in rooting medium with sucrose or sucrose-free inthe vessels capped with Polypropylene film as the closed or with polypropylene film embedding a round gas-permeable membraneas diffusive ventilation.The shoots could survive and grow normally on the sucrose-free medium,the fresh weight increment,dryweight percentage and the number of new leaves of plantlets as growth indexes were improved with the diffusive ventilation.Rootingof the plantlets had a sensitive response to the diffusive ventilation,and the plants produced more roots with initiating to root 3-5days earlier.CO concentration was at a low level of about 80 mol·mul during the photo period and CO supplement was limitedin the vessels with the closed.Chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate of leaves with the ventilation were higher than with theclosed.The plantlets cultured under the diffusive ventilation grew better with a lower rate of death and aberrance as transplanted in-to the peat substrates in the greenhouse.

关键词： Micropropagation Photoautotrophic growth environmental control Foliage plant CO2 Chlorophyll content

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