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environmental conditions Determining the Timing of the Lifetime Maximum Intensity of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific and Their Frequency of Occurrence

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2022年第1期28卷 1-11页

作者：秦晓昊山口宗彦碓氷典久广濑成章 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 China Department of Applied Meteorology Meteorological Research InstituteJapan Meteorological AgencyTsukubaIbaraki 305-0052 Japan Department of Atmosphere Oceanand Earth System Modeling ResearchMeteorological Research InstituteJapan Meteorological AgencyTsukubaIbaraki 305-0052 Japan

environmental conditions determining the timing of the lifetime maximum intensities of tropical cyclones(TCs)are investigated for the TCs over the western North Pacific during the period 2008-2017.The results show that the land controls the timings of the lifetime maximum intensities in 42% of the TCs over this basin,indicating that accurate track forecasts are beneficial for TC intensity forecasts.With respect to other TCs that are not affected by the land(i.e.,Ocean-TCs),the timings of their lifetime maximum intensities are determined by multiple oceanic factors.In particular,interactions between TCs and cold-core eddies occur in a large proportion(nearly 60%)of Ocean-TCs at or shortly after the times of their lifetime maximum intensities,especially in strong TCs(categories 4 and 5),suggesting that a consideration of the above interactions is necessary for improving TC intensity forecasting skills.In addition,unfavorable oceanic heat content conditions become common as the latitude increases over 25°N,influencing half of the Ocean-TCs.Strong vertical wind shear contributes detrimentally to the atmospheric environment in 17% of the TCs over this basin,especially in moderate and weak TCs.In contrast,neither the maximum potential intensity nor the humidity in the middle level of the atmosphere plays dominant roles when TCs turn from their peak intensities to weakening.

关键词： environmental conditions lifetime maximum intensity tropical cyclones frequency of occurrence

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How behavioral plasticity enables foraging under changing environmental conditions in the social wasp Vespula germanica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

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Insect Science 2021年第1期28卷 231-237页

作者： Sabrina Moreyra Mariana Lozada Laboratorio Ecotono.Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente(INIBIOMA)—CONICET—Universidad Nacional del Comahue QuintralBarilocheArgentina

The foraging strategy at abundant resources of the social wasp Vespula germanica includes scanning in the direction of the nest while memorizing resource-specific landmarks and contextual cues.In the present study,we sought to explore wasps'behavioral plasticity on foraging trips to resources whose location and composition changed after a single visit.We evaluated how contextual modifications of food displacement and replacements 60 cm apart from the original site,affect re-orientation for re-finding previously memorized food resources.The results showed that wasps detected and collected the resource faster when more changes were introduced on the following visit.If returning foragers discovered several modifications on both the location and the kind of resource,they collected food more rapidly from the displaced dish,than if only a single parameter in the environment had been changed.These findings illustrate the grade of behavioral plasticity in V.germanica while foraging on abundant resources,which may contribute to the understanding of the prodigious invasive success of this species in anthropized environments.

关键词： behavioral plasticity environmental conditions foraging invasive insects learning social wasps

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Adsorption behavior of imidacloprid pesticide on polar microplastics under environmental conditions:critical role of photo-aging

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第4期17卷 13-26页

作者： Weiyi Liu Ting Pan Hang Liu Mengyun Jiang Tingting Zhang Department of environmental Science and Engineering Research Centre for Resource and EnvironmentBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

The photo-aging behavior of microplastics(MPs)in natural environment has become a global concern.The ultraviolet radiation has enough energy to change the polymer structure and physicalchemical properties of MPs.Less attention has focused on the interactions of the photo-aged polar and biodegradable MPs with organic pollutants.This work investigated the structural properties of aged polar polyamide(PA)MPs and biodegradable polylactic acid(PLA)MPs exposed to ultraviolet irradiation and their adsorption behavior and mechanism for neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid(IMI).The results showed that the MPs had extensive changes in surface morphology and chemical properties after photo-aging.The C–N bond of PA MPs was disrupted to form more carbonyl groups.The oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of aged PLA MPs were broken and generated relatively smaller molecules.The adsorption capacity of IMI on PA MPs decreased by 19.2%,while the adsorption capacity of IMI on PLA MPs increased by 41.2%after photo-aging.This depended on the natural structure of the MPs and their ability to absorb ultraviolet light.The electrostatic interactions,hydrogen bonds,van der Waals interactions,and polar-polar interactions were the main adsorption mechanisms of IMI on MPs.High initial solution pH and low ionic strength favored the adsorption of IMI by altering charge distribution on the MPs surface.The formation of the humic acid-IMI complexes decreased the concentration of IMI in the water phase and further decreased the adsorption on MPs.These results are enlightening for a scientific comprehension of the environmental behavior of the polar MPs.

关键词： Microplastics Neonicotinoid insecticide Photo-aging adsorption environmental conditions

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The Short-Duration Heavy Rainfall in Different Quadrants of Northeast China Cold Vortices

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第2期38卷 321-338页

作者： Lei YANG Yongguang ZHENG Liaoning Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning Center Shenyang 110166 National Meteorological Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 China Meteorological Administration Tornado Key Laboratory Foshan 528315

The Northeast China cold vortex(NCCV)is one of the main synoptic-scale systems causing short-duration heavy rainfall(SDHR)in Northeast China.environmental conditions(e.g.,water vapor,instability,and vertical wind shear)are known to be distinctly different over the four quadrants of NCCVs,rendering prediction of the SDHR related to NCCVs(NCCV_SDHR)more challenging.Based on 5-yr hourly rainfall observations from 3196 automatic weather stations and ERA5 reanalysis data,10,232 NCCV_SDHR events were identified and divided into four quadrant groups according to their relative position to the center of the NCCV(CVC).The results show that the southeast quadrant features the highest frequency of SDHR,with stronger intensity,longer duration,and wider coverage;and the SDHR in different quadrants presents different formation mechanisms and varied temporal evolution.A new coordinate system is established relative to the CVC that uses the CVC as the origin and the radius of the NCCV(r CV)as the unit distance.In this new coordinate system,all of the NCCV_SDHR events in the 5-yr study period are synthesized.It is found that the occurrence frequency of NCCV_SDHR initially increases and then decreases with increasing distance from the CVC.The highest frequency occurs mainly between 0.8 and 2.5 times r CV from the CVC in the southeast quadrant.This can be attributed to the favorable conditions,such as convergence of the low-level shear line and abundant water vapor,which are concentrated in this region.Furthermore,high-frequency NCCV_SDHR larger than 50 mm(NCCV_SDHR50)is observed to be closer to the CVC.When NCCV_SDHR50occurs,the NCCV is in closer proximity to the subtropical high,resulting in stronger low-level convergence and more abundant water vapor.Additionally,there are lower lifting condensation levels and stronger 0-6-and 0-1-km vertical wind shears in these environments.These findings provide a valuable reference for more accurate prediction of NCCV_SDHR.

关键词： Northeast China cold vortex short-duration heavy rainfall statistical characteristics environmental conditions

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Impact of direct and indirect heating systems in broiler units on environmental conditions and flock performance

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第11期15卷 2588-2595页

作者： Shaun Smith Joseph Meade James Gibbons Kevina Mc Gill Declan Bolton Paul Whyte UCD School of Veterinary Medicine University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland Teagasc Ashtown Food Research Centre Ashtown Dublin 15 Ireland

This study compared the impact of three indirect heating systems to direct gas flame heaters on a selection of flock performance and environmental indicators in commercial broiler units. No statistically significant differences（P≥0.05） were found in flock mortality rates, bird weight, water consumption, stress response, carbon dioxide, ammonia, temperature, relative humidity, litter quality, within-flock Campylobacter levels or mean Campylobacter counts when flock data from any of the three indirect heating systems were compared to flocks reared in houses with direct heating systems. Differences in litter quality were observed between upper and lower litter layers in all houses, regardless of heating type, which may have implications for bird health and welfare. Carbon dioxide concentrations in houses with direct heating systems were significantly higher than those in houses with indirect heating systems during the first 10 days of bird life（P≤0.05）. This was due to the increased use of heating systems during this period of the flock cycle. Differences in CO2 concentrations had no effect on flock performance, possibly due to the fact that concentrations did not exceed known safe levels. A statistically significant increase in stress response was observed in birds as a result of partial depopulation（thinning） within houses, irrespective of heating system type used（P≤0.05）. Stress associated with thinning may have consequences for bird welfare and food safety. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest that indirect heating systems do not appear to negatively impact on flock performance, stress response, within-flock Campylobacter levels or mean Campylobacter counts and do not appear to significantly alter environmental conditions within broiler houses when compared to houses equipped with direct heating systems. Indirect systems are a viable alternative for heating broiler houses in terms of flock performance, bird welfare and food safety.

关键词： litter quality welfare stress poultry production campylobacter environmental conditions

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Determining the spatial distribution of environmental and socio-economic suitability for human leptospirosis in the face of limited epidemiological data

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第4期11卷 99-100页

作者： Maximiliano A.Cristaldi Thibault Catry Aurea Pottier Vincent Herbreteau Emmanuel Roux Paulina Jacob M.Andrea Previtali Department of Natural Sciences College of Humanities and SciencesNational University of LitoralSanta FeArgentina 不详

Background:Leptospirosis is among the leading zoonotic causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.Knowledge about spatial patterns of diseases and their underlying processes have the potential to guide intervention efforts.However,leptospirosis is often an underreported and misdiagnosed disease and consequently,spatial patterns of the disease remain unclear.In the absence of accurate epidemiological data in the urban agglomeration of Santa Fe,we used a knowledge-based index and cluster analysis to identify spatial patterns of environmental and socioeconomic suitability for the disease and potential underlying processes that shape them.Methods:We geocoded human leptospirosis cases derived from the Argentinian surveillance system during the period 2010 to 2019.environmental and socioeconomic databases were obtained from satelite images and publicly available platforms on the web.Two sets of human leptospirosis determinants were considered according to the level of their support by the literature and expert knowledge.We used the Zonation algorithm to build a knowledge-based index and a clustering approach to identify distinct potential sets of determinants.Spatial similarity and correlations between index,clusters,and incidence rates were evaluated.Results:We were able to geocode 56.36%of the human leptospirosis cases reported in the national epidemiological database.The knowledge-based index showed the suitability for human leptospirosis in the UA Santa Fe increased from downtown areas of the largest cities towards peri-urban and suburban areas.Cluster analysis revealed downtown areas were characterized by higher levels of socioeconomic conditions.Peri-urban and suburban areas encompassed two clusters which differed in terms of environmental determinants.The highest incidence rates overlapped areas with the highest suitability scores,the strength of association was low though(CSc r=0.21,Penvironmental and socioeconomic suitability for hu

关键词： Spatial epidemiology Underreported misdiagnosed diseases environmental conditions Socioeconomic groups Knowledge-based index Cluster analysis

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Spatial and historical distribution of organic phosphorus driven by environment conditions in lake sediments

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2018年第2期30卷 32-41页

作者： Changwei Lü Jiang He Bing Wang School of Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia University Institute of environmental Geology Inner Mongolia University Forestry College Inner Mongolia Agricultural University

The chemistry of sedimentary organic phosphorus（OP） and its fraction distribution in sediments are greatly influenced by environmental conditions such as terrestrial inputs and runoffs. The linkage of OP with environmental conditions was analyzed on the basis of OP spatial and historical distributions in lake sediments. The redundancy analysis and OP spatial distribution results suggested that both Na OH-OP（OP extracted by Na OH） and Re-OP（residual OP） in surface sediments from the selected 13 lakes reflected the gradient effects of environmental conditions and the autochthonous and/or allochthonous inputs driven by latitude zonality in China. The lake level and salinity of Lake Hulun and the runoff and precipitation of its drainage basin were reconstructed on the basis of the geochemistry index. This work showed that a gradient in weather conditions presented by the latitude zonality in China impacts the OP accumulation through multiple drivers and in many ways.The drivers are mainly precipitation and temperature, governing organic matter（OM）production, degradation rate and transportation in the watershed. Over a long temporal dimension（4000 years）, the vertical distributions of Re-OP and Na OH-OP based on a dated sediment profile from HLH were largely regulated by the autochthonous and/or allochthonous inputs, which depended on the environmental and climate conditions and anthropogenic activities in the drainage basin. This work provides useful environmental geochemistry information to understand the inherent linkage of OP fractionation with environmental conditions and lake evolution.

关键词： Organic phosphorus Spatial and historical distribution environmental conditions Sediment Lake

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Carbon Geochemistry of Gas Hydrate-associated Sediments in the Southwestern Taiwan Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第1期92卷 333-341页

作者： LEI Huaiyan YANG Yufeng Selvaraj KANDASAMY SHI Chunxiao State Key Laboratory of Marine environmental Science Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361102 College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361102 Marine Technology Center of Huizhou Huizhou Guangdong 516008

Marine gas hydrates, one of the largest methane reservoirs on Earth, may greatly affect the deep sea sedimentary environment and biogeochemistry; however, the carbon geochemistry in gas hydrate-bearing sediments is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the carbon variables in sediment core 973-3 from the southwestern Taiwan Basin in the South China Sea to understand the effect of environmental factors and archaeal communities on carbon geochemistry. The carbon profiles suggest the methanogenesis with the incerase of dissolved inorganic carbon （DIC） and high total organic carbon （TOC）（mean = 0.46%） originated from terrigenous organic matter （mean j13CToc value of -23.6%0） driven by the abundant methanogen ＇Methanosaeta and Methanomicrobiales＇. The active anaerobic oxidation of methane is characterized by the increase of DIC and inorganic carbon （IC）, and the depleted δ13CIC, coupled with the increase of TOC and the decrease of δ13Croc values owing to the methanotroph ＇Methanosarcinales/ANME＇ in 430-840 cm. environmental factors and archaeal communities in core 973-3 are significantly correlated to carbon variables owing to methane production and oxidation. Our results indicate that the carbon geochemical characteristics are obviously responding to the formation and decomposition of gas hydrates. Furthermore, pH, Eh and grain size, and Methanosaeta greatly affect the carbon geochemistry in gas hydrate-associated sediments.

关键词： southwestern Taiwan Basin carbon geochemistry environmental conditions archaea gashydrate

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Effects of environmental variations on the abundance of western winter-spring cohort of neon flying squid(Ommastrephes bartramii) in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第8期34卷 43-51页

作者： YU Wei CHEN Xinjun CHEN Yong YI Qian ZHANG Yang College of Marine Sciences Shanghai Ocean University Collaborative Innovation Center for National Distant-water Fisheries National Distant-water Fisheries Engineering Research Center Shanghai Ocean University Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources of Ministry of Education Shanghai Ocean University School of Marine Sciences University of Maine

During 1995-2011, annual production of winter-spring cohort of Ommastrephes bartramii for Chinese squidjigging fishery has greatly fluctuated, which is closely related to the environmental conditions on the spawning and fishing grounds. To better understand how squid recruitment and abundance were infuenced by ocean environmental conditions, biological and physical environmental variables including sea surface temperature （SST）, SST anomaly （SSTA）, chlorophyll a （Chl a） concentration and the Kuroshio Current were examined during years with the highest （1999）, intermediate （2005）, and lowest （2009） catches. Catch per unit effort （CPUE） of the squid-jigging vessels was used as an indicator of squid abundance. The results indicated that high SST and Chl a concentration on the spawning ground in 1999 resulted in favorable incubation and feeding conditions for squid recruitment. Whereas the suitable spawning zone （SSZ） in 2009 shifted southward and coincided with low SST and Chl a concentration, resulting in a reduction in the squid recruitment. The small difference of SSZ area in the three years suggested the SSZ provided limited influences on the variability in squid recruitment. Furthermore, high squid abundance in 1999 and 2005 was associated with warm SSTA on the fishing ground. While the cool SSTA on the fishing ground in 2009 contributed to adverse habitat for the squid, leading to extremely low abundance. It was inferred that strengthened intensity of the Kuroshio force generally yielded favorable environmental conditions for O. bartramii. Future research are suggested to focus on the fundamental research oil the early life stage of O. bartramii and mechanism of how the ocean-climate variability affects the squid abundance and spatial distribution by coupling physical model with squid biological process to explore transport path and abundance distribution.

关键词： Ommastrephes bartramii environmental conditions recruitment abundance Northwest Pacific Ocean

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Chemometric study of spatial variations of environmental and ecological characteristics in the Zhujiang River (Pearl River) Estuary and adjacent waters

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2011年第4期30卷 60-74页

作者： SONG Xingyu HUANG Liangmin ZHANG Jianlin YIN Kedong LIU Sheng TAN Yehui YIN Jianqiang Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization South China Sea Institute of Oceanography Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China State Key Laboratory of Oceanography in the Tropics Guangzhou 510301 China Australian Rivers Institute Griffith University Brisbane 4111 Australia

Chemometric approach based on principal component analysis（PCA） was utilized to examine the spatial variances of environmental and ecological characteristics in the Zhujiang River（Pearl River） Estuary and adjacent waters（ZREAW） in the South China Sea. The PCA result shows that the ZREAW can be divided into different zones according to the principal components and geographical locations of the study stations,and indicates that there are distinct regional variances on environmental features and the corresponding phytoplankton biomass and community structures among different areas. The spatial distribution of ecological features was implied to be influenced by various degrees of the different water resources,such as the Pearl River discharges,the coastal current and the oceanic water from the South China Sea. The variation of the biomass maximum zone and the complex impacts on the spatial distributions of phytoplankton biomass and production were also evaluated.

关键词： principal component analysis spatial variations environmental conditions ecological distribution phytoplankton Zhujiang River （Pearl River） Estuary

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