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Science China Earth Sciences 2004年第1期47卷 68-77页

作者： LIU Jinling WANG Weiming Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

This paper inspects the relationship between Homo erectus from Beijing, Nanjing and Chenjiawo on the viewpoint of environmental variations. Pieces of evidence show that Nanjing and Chenjiawo Homo erectus lived in glacial age at the Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 16, while Homo erectus pekinensis in major interglacial age at MlSs 15-13. It is also recovered that the cave deposits in Tangshan, Nanjing, and Zhoukoudian, Beijing, as well as the deposits at the Homo erectus site in Chenjiawo, have undergone some similar development process. All of them originated from early-middle Middle Pleistocene, and have gone through the test of the major glacial age at MIS 16 and the major interglacial period at the paleosol stage S5. At the same time, they were also closely connected with some environment events, such as the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, the formation of glaciations and the loess accumulations.

关键词： Homo erectus from Beijing, Nanjing and Chenjiawo, climate and environment, comprehensive comparisons.

Carbon isotopic characteristics and their genetic relationships for individual lipids in plants and sediments from a marsh sedimentary environment

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第8期48卷 1203-1210页

作者： DUAN Yi1, ZHANG Hui1, ZHENG Chaoyang1, WU Baoxiang1 & ZHENG Guodong2 1. Lanzhou Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 2. Department of Earth & Planetary System Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-85Japan 1. Lanzhou Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Sciences 730000 Lanzhou China 2. Department of Earth & Planetary System Science Graduate School of Science Hiroshima University 739-8526 Higashi-Hiroshima Japan

The carbon isotopes of individual lipids in herbaceous plants and tree leaves in Ruoergai marsh were measured by the GC-IRMS analytical technique in order to understand the inherent relationships of carbon isotopes between sedimentary and plant lipids from typical marsh environment. The analytical results show that the carbon isotopic compositions of n-alkanes in different kinds of plants differ significantly. Mean δ 13C values of n-alkanes in her-baceous plants (?32.2‰―?36.9‰) are 3.3‰ lower than those in woody plant (?27.2‰― ?35.0‰). The carbon isotopic compositions of fatty acids in organisms (?30.3‰― ?36.2‰) are very similar to those of n-alkanes and the δ 13C values for unsaturated fatty acids are within the range of those for saturated fatty acids. The differences in δ 13C values between plant lipids are obvious and range from 2.4‰ to 7.8‰. It is observed that the carbon isotopic compositions of sedimentary lipids are closely related to those of plant lipids. The carbon isotopic compositions (?27.0‰―?36.9‰) of n-alkanes, ≥C16 fatty acids, n-alkanols, sterols and n-alkanones in the sediments are similar to those of plant lipids and the carbon isotopic compositions of short-chain sedimentary lipids are similar to those of long-chain sedimentary homologues. These indicate that the sedimentary lipids are derived from high plants. However, the δ 13C values of C14:0 and C15:0 fatty acids in the sediments are lighter than those of the same carbon number saturated homologues in plants, reflecting the genetic features partially derived from bacteria. These data provide scientific evidence for carbon isotope-applied research of individual lipids.

关键词： marsh environment, plants, sediments, individual lipids, carbon isotopic compositions, genetic relationships.

The existence and uniqueness of q-process in ran-dom environment

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Science China Mathematics 2004年第5期47卷 641-658页

作者： HU Dihe School of Mathematics and Statistics Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China

We introduce some basic concepts such as random (sub-)transition function,q-function in random environment, q-process in random environment and some basic lemmas. For any continuous q-function in random environment, we prove that the q-process in random environment always exists, and that any q-process in random environment satisfies the random Kolmogorov backward equation and the minimal q-process in random environment always exists. When q is a continuous and conservative q-function in random environment, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of q-process in random environment are given. Finally the special cases, homogeneous random transition functions and homogeneous q-processes in random environments are considered.

关键词： random transition function, transition density function, transition density function in random environment, q-process in random environment, random Kolmogorov backward equation.

Evaluating model of frozen soil environment change under engineering actions

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Science China Earth Sciences 2002年第10期45卷 893-902页

作者：吴青柏朱元林刘永智

The change of frozen soil environment is evaluated by permafrost thermal stability, thermal thaw sensibility and surface landscape stability and the quantitatively evaluating model of frozen soil environment is proposed in this paper. The evaluating model of frozen soil environment is calculated by 28 ground temperature measurements along Qinghai-Xizang Highway. The relationships of thermal thaw sensibility and freezing and thawing processes and seasonally thawing depth, thermal stability and permafrost table temperature, mean annual ground temperature and seasonally thawing depth, and surface landscape stability and freezing and thawing hazards and their forming possibility are analyzed. The results show that thermal stability, thermal thaw sensibility and surface landscape stability can be used to evaluate and predict the change of frozen soil environment under human engineering action.

关键词： engineering actions, frozen soil environment, permafrost stability, thermal thaw sensibility.

Human remains and the environment of Early Pleistocene in the Nihewan Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2004年第5期47卷 437-444页

作者： CAI Baoquan1 & LI Qiang2 1. Department of History, Xiamen University, Fujian 361005, China 2. Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China Xiamen Univ Dept Hist Fujian 361005 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol Beijing 100044 Peoples R China

A new Early Pleistocene Paleolithic site was found in July 2001 in the Nihewan Ba-sin, Hebei Province. Totally 500 mammal specimens assigned to 21 species and 5 lithic artifacts were collected. The coexistence of Allophaiomys deucalion, Borsodia chinensis and Yangia tingi provides important evidence of chronology. On the basis of the comparison of mammalian fauna, the date of Paleolithic artifacts is probably earlier than 1.8 MaBP, possibly 2.0 MaBP. This is the earliest evidence of hominid activity found so far in North China. The hominid at that time in the Nihewan Basin lived in an environment of arid grasslands with scattered trees of temperate zone. This discovery is significant to the study of human origin and cultural development.

关键词： human remains, environment, Early Pleistocene, Nihewan.

Impact of oasis establishment on underground environment in salinized sandy lands

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Science China Earth Sciences 2002年第z1期45卷 132-136页

作者：赵元杰张鹤年买买堤艾堤孙永强 Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Acadcmy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China

The salinized sandy lands are the important reclaimable reserve wastelands in thesouth area of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. But it is necessary that the eco-logical environment of the area is not destroyed by action of oasis development. The main factor tohinder oasis development is land salinization. Rational oasis establishment rebuilds wastelandswith lower productivity and utilization efficiency for the growth of agriculture, forestry, and stock raising. The results of surveying sub-soil environment of Aimugaike. Awati oasis in Hotian County ofthe Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region show that the underground water and soil environment arenot deteriorated under the rational management and administration, which could be coordinatedfor obtaining economic and environmental benefit. During the oasis establishment period from1997 to 1999, the plowland area has reached 166.7 hm2, and the seed cotton yield per unit areahas reached 2250 kg @ hm-2, the area of timber forest and active sand break forest has reached 20hm2, the area of fruit trees is 71.5 hm2; and the soil moisture has decreased from 22.07% to18.12%. In the first year of oasis establishment, the soil type has changed salt soil into light saltsoil, in the second year the soil has been out of salt harm; and the content of soil organic matter intopsoil has increased obviously.

关键词： oasis development, soil environment, salinized sandy lands, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

Space environment Deteation of Chinese Meteorological Satellites

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空间科学学报 2004年第Z1期24卷 64-68页

作者： XU Ying WANG Shijin ZHU Guangwu LIANG Jinbao Center for Space Science and Applied Research The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Center for Space Science and Applied Research The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Center for Space Science and Applied Research The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Center for Space Science and Applied Research The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

This paper presents the space environment detection of Chinese geosynchronous and sun-synchronous meteorological satellites and gives a short perspective of space environment observations on board meteorological satel... 详细信息

关键词： Meteorological satellite, Space environment, Detection

Research and application on the technology system of multi-scale assessment of the impact on the atmospheric environment by urban planning

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第z2期48卷 173-184页

作者： WANG Guangtao, WANG Xiaoyun, MIAO Shiguang, JIANG Weimei, GUO Wenli, JI Chongping & CHEN Xianyan School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Ministry of Construction of China, Beijing 100044, China Beijing Meteorological Bureau, Beijing 100089, China Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China School of Architecture Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Ministry of Construction of China Beijing 100044 China School of Architecture Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Beijing Meteorological Bureau Beijing 100089 China Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100089 China Department of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Beijing Meteorological Bureau Beijing 100089 China

Improvement of the atmospheric environment in urban planning is an important issue to implement the sustainable development of cities. In this paper, in order to meet the demand of planning office to compare and assess quantitatively of the designs in multi-scale, based on geographical information system (GIS) data with high resolution, a multi-scale numerical modeling system for the atmospheric environment impact of urban planning is set up, and the multi-scale assessment index system is established, which compose the technology system of multi-scale assessment of the impact on the atmospheric environment by urban planning. In urban planning (urban development of Beijing) and optimizing layouts of Olympic Green, it has been applied to quantitatively evaluating the impact on atmospheric environment by urban planning before construction, which offers scientific foundation to optimize the whole and local urban layout.

关键词： urban planning, atmospheric environment, multi-scale, numerical simulation, assessment index system.

Sedimentary environment and development controls of the hydrocarbon source beds: Middle and Upper Proterozoic in northern North China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2004年第z2期47卷 133-140页

作者： BAO Zhidong1,2, CHEN Jianfa1, ZHANG Shuichang3, ZHAO Hongwen1, ZHANG Qinghai1 & LI Yan1 1. University of Petroleum, Beijing 102200, China 2. Key Lab of Petroleum Migration and Accumulation Mechanism of Ministry of Education, Beijing 102200, China 3. Petroleum Research Institute of Exploration and Development,Beijing 100083, China University of Petroleum Beijing 102200 China Key Lab of Petroleum Migration and Accumulation Mechanism of Ministry of Education Beijing 102200 China University of Petroleum Beijing 102200 China Petroleum Research Institute of Exploration and Development Beijing 100083 China

Problem on development control of marine source bed hold in Chinese petroleum industry progression. The Hongshuizhuang Formation,Tieling Formation and Xiamaling Forma-tion in the Middle and Upper Proterozoic are important hydrocarbon source beds in northern North China, and investigation of their sedimentary environments and the controls has great significance for petroleum exploration in North China. Based on sedimentology (sequence stratigraphy), palaeoecology, sedimentary geochemistry, and sedimentary palaeogeography, their development pattern is discussed. All these studies indicate that the development controls of the hydrocarbon source beds include a favorite palaeogeographic location, exceeding propa-gation of biomes in low and middle latitudes, anoxic environments, enrichment of phosphorus element and the adsorption of clay minerals during the preservation of organic matter in the ma-rine carbonates.

关键词： hydrocarbon source bed, sedimentary environment, development control, middle and upper Proterozoic, northern North China.

EFL for Survival Outside the L 1 environment： An Empirical Study of Arab High School Learners

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Sino-US English Teaching 2017年第7期14卷 425-435页

作者： Issa AI-Qaderi University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland

Teaching English as a foreign language （EFL） has been growing throughout the Arab world and hence English hasbecome an obligatory subject in the school curriculum in most Arab countries. However, teaching EFL to Arablearners outside the L! environment becomes more challenging. In such a setting, Arab EFL learners use mostlyspoken English for survival, i.e., English acts as a genuine lingua franca outside the classroom and this requireswell-qualified teachers as well as a professional educational environment inside the classroom. For survival, thespeaking skill becomes inevitable. The study attempts to investigate the factors that might affect Arab high schoollearners＇ EFL speaking performance in Poland. The data collected come from two sources： a questionnaire that wasdistributed to Arab EFL high school learners （N = 30） studying at the Libyan private school and Dar al salaamprivate school of Iraq in Warsaw and semi-structured interviews with instructors （N = 3）. Both quantitative andqualitative approaches have been employed. The findings reveal that students encounter problems in EFL speakingskill due to three main factors： teacher-related variables, curricular-variables, and learner-variables.

关键词： speaking skill, environment, teacher-related variables, curricular-variables, learner-variables