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energy flexibility characteristics of centralized hot water system in university dormitories

Building Simulation 2023年第4期16卷 641-662页

作者： Zhiqin Rao Shuqin Chen Isaac Lun Lizhi Shen Ang Yu Huijun Fu College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310012China Center for Balance Architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310012China Department of Architecture and Built Environment University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo 315100China Department of General Affairs Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310012China

The large-scale application of renewable energy is an important strategy to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in the building *** flexibility is essential for ensuring balance between energy demand and supply when targeting the maximum penetration rate of renewable energy during the operation of regional integrated energy *** the energy flexibility characteristics of centralized hot water systems,which are an important source of such flexibility,is of great significance to the optimal operation of regional integrated energy ***,in this study,based on the annual real-time monitoring data,the energy flexibility of the centralized hot water system in university dormitories is evaluated from the perspective of available storage capacity(C_(ADR)),recovery time(t_(recovery)),and storage efficiency(η_(ADR)),by the data-driven simulation *** factors influencing the energy flexibility of the centralized hot water system are also *** storage capacity has a strong positive correlation with daily water consumption and a strong negative correlation with daily mean outdoor *** associations indicate that increased water use on the energy flexibility of the centralized hot water system is conducive to optimal *** contrast,higher outdoor temperature is *** hourly mean value of the available storage capacity in spring and winter is found to be around 80 kWh in the daytime,and about twice that in summer and *** time is evenly distributed throughout the year,while t_(recovery)/C_(ADR)in spring and winter is about half that in *** storage efficiency was significantly higher in spring,summer,and winter than in *** hourly mean storage efficiency was found to be about 40%in the *** benefits of activating energy flexibility in spring and winter are the best,because these two seasons have higher available storage capacity and storage efficiency,while the benefit

关键词： energy flexibility centralized hot water system university dormitory back propagation(BP)neural network

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Evaluating the impact of thermostat control strategies on the energy flexibility of residential buildings for space heating

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Building Simulation 2021年第5期14卷 1439-1452页

作者： Kun Zhang Michaël Kummert Department of Mechanical Engineering Polytechnique MontrealMontrealCanada

Buildings can be operated in an energy-flexible manner while respecting occupant thermal *** energy flexibility of building operations,both in time and quantity,can be harnessed by the electrical grid for load *** the context of smart grid and intelligent buildings,the concept of energy flexibility in buildings broadens the existing demand management thinking from the top-down one-way control to two-way *** paper,extending studies on thermostat controls of heating and air conditioning systems for demand response,evaluates the impact of different control schemes on the energy flexibility of residential *** control strategies,Model Predictive Control(MPC)and Rule-Based Control(RBC),are investigated for a space heating system using co-simulation *** indicators are introduced and adapted from the literature to assess the control performances of the *** results show that different flexibility indicators favour different control strategies in this case *** demand response events of four hours,the MPC strategy presents two to three times of flexible energy than that of *** also delivers 20%more of maximum power reduction during the events against *** RBC strategy,on the other hand,is twice of MPC for flexible energy *** evaluation work can be beneficial to guide the control system design of new buildings or control retrofits of existing buildings that consider better grid-building interactions for the future.

关键词： energy flexibility MPC grid-building interaction demand response

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energy flexibility in the Power System： Challenges and Opportunites in Philippines

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Journal of energy and Power Engineering 2017年第9期11卷 597-604页

作者： Joy Dalmacio Billanes Zheng Ma Bo Norregaard Jorgensen Center for energy Informatics Mcersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute University of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55 Odense M 5230 Denmark

energy flexibility can address the challenges of large scale integration of renewable energy resources and thereby increasing imbalance in the power system. Flexible power system can provide reliable supply, low electricity cost and sustainability. Various situations and factors influence the adoption of the flexibility solutions, such as flexible electricity generation, demand-response, and electricity storage. This paper tries to analyze the current energy flexibility solutions and the factors that can influence the energy flexibility adoption. This paper takes Philippines as case study to provide an overview of the current condition of the Philippines＇ power system and discuss the energy flexibility in the Philippines＇ power system. A further discussion and recommendation is conducted in the end of the paper.

关键词： energy flexibility demand-response Philippines power system renewable generation.

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Consumer Central energy flexibility in Office Buildings

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Journal of energy and Power Engineering 2017年第10期11卷 621-630页

作者： Joy Dalmacio Billanes Zheng Ma Bo Norregaard Jorgensen Center for energy Informatics Mcersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute University of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55 5230 Odense MDenmark

energy flexibility in buildings will play an important role in the smart energy system. Office buildings have more potentials to provide energy flexibility to the grid compared to other types of buildings, due to the existing building management, control systems and large energy consumption. Consumers in office buildings （building owners/managers and occupants） take a main role for adopting and engaging in building energy flexibility. This paper provides a systematic review of consumer central energy flexibility in office buildings with the discussion of social, technical and business aspects. This paper clarifies the correlations of consumers＇ concems, external influential factors, energy flexibility resources and technology with eight hypotheses. This paper suggests that technical solutions with the integration of distributed energy resources, building management and control system can boost energy flexibility in the office buildings.

关键词： energy flexibility office buildings occupants building managers hypotheses.

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Modeling and management performances of distributed energy resource for demand flexibility in Japanese zero energy house

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Building Simulation 2023年第11期16卷 2177-2192页

作者： Yanxue Li Xiaoyi Zhang Fu Xiao Weijun Gao Yan Liu Innovation Institute for Sustainable Maritime Architecture Research and Technology Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266033China Department of Building Environment and energy Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Faculty of Environmental Engineering The University of KitakyushuKitakyushu808-0135Japan

Zero-energy buildings(ZEBs)can contribute to decarbonizing building energy systems,while the energy mismatch between energy demand and on-site stochastic generation in ZEBs increases the need for energy *** study proposed mixed-integer linear programming energy management schemes for optimizing the flexible scheduling of distributed energy resources,including battery energy storage,heat pump,and building thermal mass as a passive thermal energy storage *** optimally designed objectives,this study used case studies to evaluate the flexibility potential provided by the demand-side management,considering dynamic characteristics of the *** results showed that the proposed demand-side management for battery storage offers significant potential in increasing photovoltaic(PV)self-consumption and reducing operational *** reduction ratios of flexible dispatch of combined PV and battery storage systems exceed 15%.Flexible coupling of PV and heat pump systems for meeting hot water demand can reduce energy cost by more than 20%.The flexible coupling of the heat pump and PV system also had a significant impact on the power consumption pattern of domestic heat pumps,the load-shifting potential highly depends on the available PV generation and hot water *** optimal trade-off between thermal energy use and thermal comfort violation may not reduce the total energy used for space heating,the increased PV consumption helped reduce grid *** study provides insights into the energy flexibility behavior and efficiency of the proposed demand-side management for ZEBs,which is expected to provide guidelines for exploring demand-side flexibility.

关键词： energy flexibility zero-energy building distributed energy resources energy system management

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Optimized design and integration of energy storage in Solar-Assisted Ground-Source Heat Pump systems

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Building Simulation 2023年第10期16卷 1933-1948页

作者： Maria Ferrara Enrico Fabrizio Department of energy Politecnico di TorinoTurin10121Italy

The integrated use of multiple renewable energy sources to increase the efficiency of heat pump systems,such as in Solar Assisted Geothermal Heat Pumps(SAGHP),may lead to significant benefits in terms of increased efficiency and overall system performance especially in extreme climate contexts,but requires careful integrated optimization of the different system *** particular,thermal storages take a fundamental role in optimizing the integration of renewable energy sources and the system *** work investigates the potential design optimization of a SAGHP system in a mountain site by exploring many different alternatives to optimize the mutual relationship between the solar field,the geothermal field and the water thermal *** is done through an original simulation-based multi-objective optimization framework considering energy efficiency and economic feasibility,which allows appraising the impact of the different design alternatives on the overall system performance and on the dynamics of the different system *** identify a set of optimized system configurations that optimize the integrated exploitation of the different thermal sources showing a potential increase of the overall system performance leading to 34%lower global cost compared to the initial *** robustness of the optimal design solutions is reported with respect to the current context of high economic uncertainty.

关键词： thermal storage geothermal energy heat pumps building simulation artificial intelligence cost optimization energy flexibility

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Typical load profile-supported convolutional neural network for short-term load forecasting in the industrial sector

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能源与人工智能(英文) 2021年第3期5卷 242-254页

作者： Thilo Walser Alexander Sauer Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA Nobelstraße 1270569 StuttgartGermany Institute for energy Efficiency in Production EEP University of StuttgartNobelstraße 1270569 StuttgartGermany

This paper investigates how existing forecasting models can be enhanced to accurately forecast the electric load at factory level,enabling industrial companies to shift consumption to times of low energy *** model architecture must outperform state-of-the-art models and be sufficiently robust for use in multiple factories with low effort for specific ***,this work focuses on the processing of high-resolution input data available almost in real time from multiple submeters after the main *** theory of load forecasting and related works are summarized in a first step including the requirements of forecasting models applied at factory *** on existing models,a new hybrid machine-learning model is proposed,combining a decision tree-based typical load profiler with a convolutional neural network that extracts features from multidimensional endogenous inputs with measurements of the preceding two weeks for multi-step-ahead load forecasts updated almost in real ***,a multi-model approach is presented for calculating bottom-up forecasts with submeter data aggregated to a main-meter *** a case study,the forecasting accuracy of the hybrid model is compared to both base models and a seasonal naïve model calculating the load forecasts for three *** results indicate that the proposed typical-load-profile-supported convolutional neural network for all three factories achieves the lowest forecasting ***,it is validated that a reduction in data transfer delay leads to better forecasts,as the forecasting accuracy is higher with near real time data than with a data transfer delay of one ***,a model architecture is proposed for robust forecasting in digitalized factories.

关键词： Electricity Machine learning Load forecasting Hybrid model Industrial energy systems energy flexibility Submetering Real time data

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