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The Impacts of Building Regulations on the Thermal Performance and energy consumption of Residential Buildings in Riyadh City-Saudi Arabia

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Open Journal of energy Efficiency 2021年第1期10卷 1-21页

作者： Saleh Baharetha Elsayed Amer Mohammad Kotbi Department of Architecture and Building Sciences College of Architecture & Planning King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Riyadh city is the fastest growing city in Saudi Arabia. The rapid urban growth that happened recently in Riyadh was not based on the traditional urban planning principles, which have been established and applied for the city development process. The imported building regulations have created a new urban structures and street patterns. The contemporary urban form in Riyadh city is based mainly on traffic and economic consideration with the neglect of environmental dimensions. This research aims to examine the impacts of building regulations on the thermal performance of residential buildings in Riyadh city, with the ultimate goal of establishing planning guidelines that consider the environmental conditions of the city. The methodology adopted for achieving the aim of this study consists of two phases. First, the literature related to building regulations development in Riyadh, as of 2018, was reviewed. Second, buildings energy simulation was conducted to examine the thermal performance of the typical current status of residential building blocks in Riyadh city, and then several changes to building regulations were made to investigate their impacts on the thermal performance of buildings. The results showed that the impacts of Riyadh building regulations on the thermal performance of residential buildings differ across the evaluated cases. The ratio of building height to street width, urban block street orientation, and building orientation are the main factors affecting thermal performance of buildings within urban block. The study also concludes that adjusting the ratio of building height to the distance between buildings could have a significant impact in reducing cooling loads. This study will help policy makers, planners and designers to investigate the shortcoming in the current building regulations.

关键词： Building Regulations energy consumption Thermal Performance Residential Buildings

Modeling and Analysis on Production Yield and energy consumption of Pelleting Process

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2010年第1期17卷 65-70页

作者： WU Kai SHI Shuijuan PENG Binbin DING Wuxue SUN Yu College of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China

The existing studies on the pelleting process were reviewed, and then the forming process of pelleting was introduced. Furthermore, the models describing the production yield and energy consumption of pelleting were presented. Based on the models, the influence of the pelleting structure parameters, die speed on the production yield and energy consumption were discussed. The results showed that larger pellet mill was preferred and the proper speed of the die should be selected to increase the production yield and reduce the energy consumption.

关键词： pelleting modeling energy consumption production yield

Analysis on the Change Characteristics of the Correlation between Land Use Structure and energy consumption and Carbon Emissions in Kunming from 1997 to 2017

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第6期9卷 155-166页

作者： Li Zhang Ping Wang Department of Geography Yunnan Normal University Kunming China

This study takes Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China as the research area, to provide reference basis for revealing the change law of land use structure and energy consumption and carbon emissions in Kunming, optimizing land use structure and realizing the development of low-carbon city. Based on the data of land use structure and energy consumption in Kunming from 1997 to 2017, based on the estimation of total energy consumption carbon emissions, carbon intensity and per capita carbon emissions, the correlation between land use structure and energy consumption carbon emissions in Kunming has been calculated and analyzed in the past 20 years. Results: 1) The total amount of carbon emissions in Kunming has increased significantly in the past 20 years. It increased from 34.46 × 105 t to 95.09 × 105 t, an increase of about 2.8 times. 2) The types of land use with the highest correlation between land use structure and total carbon emissions of energy consumption, carbon emission intensity and per capita carbon emissions are urban and village and industrial and mining land (0.8258), cultivated land (0.8733) and garden land (0.7971) respectively. 3) The correlation between construction land and total carbon emissions is greater than that of agricultural land. Conclusion: There is a close correlation between land use structure and carbon emissions from energy consumption in Kunming.

关键词： Kunming City Land Use Structure energy consumption Carbon Emissions Correlation Degree

The energy consumption of Heatingin the Northeast Rural Area of China from the Perspective of the Kang and Agricultural Waste

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2015年第1期6卷 9-13,16页

作者： Han Ben Kondo Kayoko Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Design Kyushu University Department of Environment Design Faculty of DesignKyushu University

In China, the heating energy consumption patterns of rural housing are changing due to economic development. This study investigated domestic heating in rural areas of Dalian, a city in northeast China. In rural areas of the country, heating devices such as coal boiler, radiator, and/ or air-conditioner are typically used. The Kang, as the main heating system, has been used together with other heating methods for a long time in detached houses, one-story buildings, and quadrangles. Use of the Kang in collective housing is no longer observed. In addition to coal, agricultural wastes have been used to fuel the Kang; the associated CO2 emissions with agricultural fuels are lower than from other heating equipment. Even when a combination of the Kang and other equipment is used, with agricultural waste as fuel, CO2 emissions remain relatively low.

关键词： Kang Agricultural waste Heating energy consumption CO2 emission

Study on Relation between energy consumption and Climate Change in China

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2013年第1期4卷 29-35页

作者： Fen Li Jianxin Zhang Shanxi Meteorological Science & Technology Service Center Shanxi Meteorological Service Center for Decision Making

[Objective] The research aimed to study relation between energy consumption and climate change in China. [Method] Climate change characteristics from 1951 to 2009 in China were summarized. Economic and social developments in China in recent 50 years were analyzed from production and consumption amounts of the energy, energy source composition and energy consumption of the GDP （ten-thousand yuan）. Influences of the energy consumption and economic development on climate change were discussed. [ Result] Annual average temperature of China in- creased obviously from 1951 to 2009, and regional difference was distinct. Increasing trend of the temperature in the north of 35° N was bigger than that in the south. Increasing trend of the temperature in northeast China and Inner Mongolia reached 0.04 ℃/a. The average temperature from 1981 to 2009 was higher than that from 1951 to 1980, and the biggest difference value was more than 2.0 ℃. Mutation of Chinese energy produc- tion and consumption happened in 1985, but average temperature of China had an obvious mutation in 1989, showing temperature mutation lagged behind energy production and consumption mutation. energy consumption of the GDP （ten-thousand yuan） decreased evidently from 1978 to 1997. Beginning from 1998, the decreasing pace slowed down markedly, and there was a rebound in 2003. Chinese new energy amount was increasing year by year. Because the total energy consumption amount was also increasing, new energy proportion had been maintained about one quarter. The energy consumption increasing model with energy consumption coefficient and the model without energy consumption coefficient were set up in this paper. It was found that Chinese energy structure changed a little after considering energy consumption coefficient. Proportion of the coal de- creased, while proportions of the oil, natural gas and electric power increased. Temperature changing trend was consistent with that of the economic development and energy

关键词： energy consumption Climate change Low-carbon economy China

energy production and consumption prediction and their response to environment based on coupling model in China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2012年第1期22卷 93-109页

作者： LI Qiang REN Zhiyuan College of Tourism and Environment Science Shaanxi Normal University Shaanxi Institute of Education Northwest Land and Resources Research Center Shaanxi Normal University

The paper presents the prediction of total energy production and consumption in all provinces and autonomous regions as well as determination of the variation of gravity center of the energy production, consumption and total discharge of industrial waste water, gas and residue of China via the energy and environmental quality data from 1978 to 2009 in China by use of GM（1,1） model and gravity center model, based on which the paper also analyzes the dynamic variation in regional difference in energy production, consumption and environmental quality and their relationship. The results are shown as follows. 1） The gravity center of energy production is gradually moving southwestward and the entire movement track approxi-mates to linear variation, indicating that the difference of energy production between the east and west, south and north is narrowing to a certain extent, with the difference between the east and the west narrowing faster than that between the south and the north. 2） The gravity center of energy consumption is moving southwestward with perceptible fluctuation, of which the gravity center position from 2000 to 2005 was relatively stable, with slight annual position variation, indicating that the growth rates of all provinces and autonomous regions are basically the same. 3） The gravity center of the total discharge of industrial waste water, gas and residue is characterized by fluctuation in longitude and latitude to a certain degree. But, it shows a southwestward trend on the whole. 4） There are common ground and discrepancy in the variation track of the gravity center of the energy production consumption of China, and the comparative analysis of the gravity center of them and that of total discharge of industrial waste water, gas and residue shows that the environmental quality level is closely associated with the energy production and consumption （especially the energy consumption）, indicating that the environment cost in economy of energy is higher

关键词： energy production energy consumption industrial waste water gas and residue prediction and analysis space response China

Life Cycle Assessment of CO~2 and energy consumption from Alternative Fuel Vehicles in China

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Life Cycle Assessment of CO~2 and Energy Consumption from Al...

A research on aggregate and structure relationship between energy consumption and economic growth of the northeastern provinces in CHINA

第六届（2011）中国管理学年会——组织与战略分会场

作者： Yan Guo,Tian Sun,Na li,Chen Xu,Qian Zhan(School of Management,Tianjin University,Tianjin,300072,China)School of management,Tianjin University,Weijin road No.92,Tianjin,300072,China

Alternative Fuel vehicles are receiving increasing attention as potential powerful vehicles to reduce the transportation sector’s dependence on petroleum and substantially decrease emissions of greenhouse gases（GHGs）at the same *** means of life cycle assessment method,innovative and useful alternatives vehicles and the respective fuels are examined and *** CO2 emission and energy consumption of alternative fuels vehicles are analyzed in this *** basis for this research is process chain analyses for the supply of alternative fuels vehicles,***、methanol、LPG、DME、HEV、EV and FC in *** the purpose of a full life cycle assessment,cost and CO2-emissions for the planting,collection,production,transport,use and disposal of the alternative fuel vehicles are *** a result it was found that the energy consumption of EV and FC was low especially among all the researched alternative *** to some extent HEV and EV are not good enough for the reduction of CO2 because of the increasing of cost and using of coal-based electricity.

关键词： Life Cycle Assessment Alternative Fuel energy consumption CO2

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A research on aggregate and structure relationship between e...

The Extraction Method of the energy consumption Characteristics Based on Fuzzy Rough Set

2011 3rd IEEE International Conference on Information Management and Engineering(ICIME 2011)

作者： Zhu tian xing1 2 Gao lifeng1 Economics school Shen yang university of technology Shen yang China Li xingfa2 Wang zhao2 Economics and management department Da lian University of technology Da lian China

This paper studies the aggregate and structural relationship between energy consumption and economic growth of three northeastern provinces in CHINA using the grey relational models. And result shows Ji Lin province exists the strongest correlation between energy consumption and economic growth, but its economic growth has the lowest dependence on energy consumption in all three provinces. which means that the energy consumption of Ji Lin province contributes more to the economic growth than that of the other two provinces, Hei Long Jiang province has the highest dependence of economic growth on energy consumption. Finally we put up with some suggestions that the short-term dependence on energy consumption in economic growth should not be igbored. And each province should make full of comparative advantages in energy, strengthening exploitation and cooperation in energies .

关键词： economic growth energy consumption grey relational model

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The Extraction Method of the Energy Consumption Characterist...