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energy flow of Macrozoobenthos Community in an Algal Lake,Houhu Lake(Wuhan,China)

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2003年第3期21卷 229-244页

作者：闫云君梁彦龄 School of Life Science and Technology

energy flow of the macrozoobenthic community in an algal lake, Houhu Lake (Wuhan, China) was investigated from April, 1996 to March, 1997. The estimated consumption of the community was 2522.7 kJ/(m 2·a); defecation was 2049.1 kJ/(m 2·a); metabolism 371.2 kJ/(m 2·a); excretion 34.7 kJ/(m 2·a) and production 67.7 kJ/(m 2·a). The assimilation rate of the community was 19%; and 81% of its ingestion was defecated. The computed net growth efficiency was 14%, much lower than most reported values, which meant that the macrozoobenthic community in Houhu Lake utilized food less effectively.

关键词： energy flow macrozoobenthic community Houhu Lake

energy flow in Branchiura sowerbyi (Oligochaeta: tubificidae) in a shallow macrophyte-dominated lake, Biandantang Lake

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2004年第4期22卷 403-407页

作者：闫云君梁彦龄 College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China

The energy flow of Branchiura sowerbyi was studied for the first time in China in a shallow macrophytic lake, Biandantang Lake, Hubei Province. The energy flow was calculated from the measurement of flesh production (12.5241kJ/m2a), egestion (517.7302kJ/m2a), metabolism (38.3273 kJ/m2a), and excretion (4.3798kJ/m2a). The net growth efficiency of the species is about 22.7%, which accords well with the generally reported value for oligochaetes. In addition, the relationship between starvation respiration (R, mgO2/ind穌), wet weight (Ww, mg) and temperature (T, C) were also measured, with the regression function being R=0.008 Ww0.736 e0.050T.

关键词： Biandantang Lake energy flow Branchiura sowerbyi

Ecosystem Productivity and energy flow of Three-Hardwood Forest

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Journal of Forestry Research 1997年第1期8卷 20-22页

作者：陆兆华柴瑞海 Northeast Forestry University Harbin P. R. China (GRID:grid.412246.7) (ISNI:***)

The main characteristics of energy environment, energy products, primary productivity and basic process ofenergy flow for three-hardwood forest(Juglans mandshurica, Fraxinus mandshurica, and Phellodendron amurense) werestudied. The research was mainly hased on the thcory and method of community energetics, dealing with fixed position,quantitative test and expcrimental analysis. The time-space dynamics of sun-radiation in three-hardwood forest were measured and the energy compartment model was set up. his rescarch work provided a scientitic basis for the exploitation, utilization and management of three-hardtwood forest.

关键词： Productivity energy flow Three-hardwood forest Compartment model energy environment

Impact of material and energy flow variation-based iron /steel ratio on production cost

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Journal of Southeast University(English Edition) 2015年第3期31卷 375-379页

作者：陆彪陈光陈德敏虞维平丁毅东南大学能源与环境学院南京210096 安徽工业大学建筑工程学院马鞍山243032 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司马鞍山243000

This paper establishes a model for the production cost of iron and steel *** variation rule of the production cost versus the iron/steel ratio for two cases, namely,fixed steel production and a fixed amount of molten iron,is analyzed,and the concept of a steel scrap threshold price is *** to the analysis results,when the steel scrap unit price exceeds the steel scrap threshold price, an increase in the iron/steel ratio can reduce the production cost,and vice *** the gap between the steel scrap unit price and the steel scrap threshold price is relatively large, the impact of the iron/steel ratio on the production cost is more *** to the calculation example,when steel production is fixed （284 358 t/month）and the steel scrap unit price is 263.2 yuan/t more than the steel scrap threshold price,an increase of 0.01 in the iron/steel ratio causes a monthly production cost reduction of approximately 750 000 yuan （2.63 yuan/t）.When the amount of molten iron is fixed （270 425 t/month）and the steel scrap unit price is 140.7 yuan/t more than the threshold price,an increase of 0.01 in the iron/steel ratio causes a monthly production cost reduction of approximately 430 000 yuan （1.5 yuan/t）.The results indicate that iron and steel enterprise should adjust the production strategy in time when the scrap price fluctuates, and then the production cost will be reduced.

关键词： iron/steel ratio material flow energy flow model of production cost steel scrap threshold price

Renewable and Nonrenewable energy flow Resiliency for Day-to-Day Production and Consumption

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Journal of energy and Power Engineering 2022年第1期16卷 13-18页

作者： Bahman Zohuri Farhang Mossavar-Rahmani Masoud Moghaddam Ageno School of Business Golden Gate UniversitySan FranciscoCalifornia 94105USA Galaxy Advanced Engineering San MateoCalifornia 94401USA Professor of Finance and Director of MBA School of Business and Management National UniversitySan DiegoCalifornia 92123USA ***

energy resilience is about ensuring a business and end-use consumers have a reliable,regular supply of energy and contingency measures in place in the event of a power failure,generating a source of power such as electricity for daily needs from an uninterrupted source of energy no matter either renewable or *** of resilience issues include power surges,weather,natural disasters,or man-made accidents,and even equipment *** human operational error can also be an issue for grid-power supply to go down and should be factored into resilience *** the energy landscape undergoes a radical transformation,from a world of large,centralized coal plants to a decentralized energy world made up of small-scale gas-fired production and renewables,the stability of electricity supply will begin to affect energy *** must plan for this *** challenges that the growth of renewables brings to the grid in terms of intermittency mean that transmission and distribution costs consume an increasing proportion of *** progress in the technology of AI(Artificial Intelligence)integration of such progressive technology in recent decades,we are improving our resiliency of energy flow,so we prevent any unexpected interruption of this *** your business is energy resilient helps insulate against price increases or fluctuations in supply,becoming critical to maintaining operations and reducing commercial *** the form short TM(Technical Memorandum),this paper covers this issue.

关键词： Resilience system energy flow energy storage energy grid BI(business intelligence) AI cyber security decision making in real-time machine learning and deep learning BD(big data)and cloud-based servers for repository and storage of data

energy flowS IN COMPLEX ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS:A REVIEW

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2009年第3期22卷 345-359页

作者： Jiang ZHANG Department of Systems Science,School of Management,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China. Department of Systems Science School of Management Beijing Normal University Beijing China

energy flow drives the complex systems to *** allometric scaling as the universalenergy flow pattern has been found in different scales of ecological *** reflects the generalpower law relationship between flow and *** underlying mechanisms of energy flow patterns areexplained as the branching transportation networks which can be regarded as the result of systematicoptimization of a biological target under *** flows in the ecological system may bemodelled by the food web model and population dynamics on the *** paper reviews thelatest progress on the energy flow patterns,explanatory models for the allometric scaling and modellingapproach of flow and network evolution dynamics in ***,the possibility of generalizingthese flow patterns,modelling approaches to other complex systems is discussed.

关键词： Allometric scaling energy flow flows in complex systems food web.

Experimental Study on the Combustion and energy flows of Vehicle Engine Under NEDC of Cold Start

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Automotive Innovation 2019年第4期2卷 314-327页

作者： Zhichao Zhao Zaiqiang Meng Lu Li Shuqian Wang Jianqin Fu Jingping Liu China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co. LtdChongqing 401122China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

To enhance the fuel economy of a vehicle powered by a gasoline engine under road conditions,an energy flow test of a vehicle was performed experimentally under the New European Driving Cycle of cold *** energy distributions and related influencing factors were analyzed using the test *** show that the effective power and thermal efficiency are mainly affected by the engine load except in the early stage of the New European Driving *** of the retarded CA50 and longer CA10-90,the effective thermal efficiency is lower in the early phase of driving ***,the heat transfer loss mainly comprises the loss of the heating,ventilation,and air conditioning *** radiator then plays the major role,with its percentage affected by the engine load and decreasing under the extra-urban driving *** exhaust gas loss is decided by the temperature and flow rate of the exhaust gas,while its percentage is mainly affected by the temperature of the exhaust *** the early phase of driving conditions,the retarded spark advance angle leads to a higher temperature of the exhaust gas and a greater exhaust gas *** pumping loss and its percentage are mainly determined by the engine speed under the urban driving cycle,and both decrease under the extra-urban driving cycle except at maximum vehicle speed.

关键词： Vehicle New European Driving Cycle Cold start energy flow energy loss

System Modeling and Optimal Dispatching of Multi-energy Microgrid with energy Storage

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean energy 2020年第5期8卷 809-819页

作者： Liting Tian Lin Cheng Jianbo Guo Kuihua Wu Department of Elec trical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina China Electric Power Research Institute BeijingChina Economic&Technology Research Institute State Grid Shan dong Electric Power CompanyJinanShandongChina

The coordinated operation and comprehensive utilization of multi-energy sources require systematic research.A multi-energy microgrid(MEMG)is a coupling system with multiple inputs and *** this paper,a system model based on unified energy flows is proposed to describe the static relationship,and an analogue energy storage model is proposed to represent the time-dependency characteristics of energy transfer ***,the optimal dispatching model of an MEMG is established as a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)problem using piecewise linear approximation and convex ***,the system model and optimal dispatching method are validated in an MEMG,including district electricity,natural gas and heat supply,and renewable *** proposed model and method provide an effective way for the energy flow analysis and optimization of MEMGs.

关键词： energy flow energy storage multi-energy microgrid(MEMG) optimal dispatching

Kinetic and Available Potential energy Transport during the Stratospheric Sudden Warming in January 2009

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2012年第6期29卷 1343-1359页

作者：左群杰高守亭吕达仁 Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academic of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academic of Sciences Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academic of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences

The local features of transient kinetic energy and available potential energy were investigated using ECMWF （European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts） Interim Reanalysis data for the stratospheric sudden warming （SSW） event of January 2009. The Western Europe high plays important roles in the propagation of the energy from North America to Eurasian. When the Western Europe high appeared and shifted eastward, energy conversions increased and energy propagated from North America to Eurasian as a form of interaction energy flow. The baroclinic conversion between transient-eddy kinetic energy （Ke） and transient-eddy available potential energy （Ae） and the horizontal advection of geopotential height were approximately one order of magnitude less than Ke and Ae generation terms. So, these terms were less important to this SSW event.

关键词： energy flow energy conversion kinetic energy APE stratospheric sudden warming