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Improving energy efficiency of apple production by reduced application of pesticides

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第4期13卷 93-102页

作者： Aleksandar Sedlar Ondrej Ponjican Ferenc Kiss Rajko Bugarin Vladimir Visacki Milivoj Radojcin Krstan Keselj University of Novi Sad Faculty of AgricultureTrg Dositeja Obradovića 821000 Novi SadSerbia University of Novi Sad Faculty of TechnologyBlv.Cara Lazara 121000 Novi SadSerbia

A large number of apple orchards are treated over 20 times during the vegetation period with high application rates(over 1000 L/hm^(2))or medium application rates(500-1000 L/hm^(2))of pesticides which require significant energy *** research was carried out in the Serbian region of Vojvodina with the aim to show the possibilities to reduce energy usage in apple production by reducing pesticide application rates(200-500 L/hm^(2))and smaller controlled number of treatments with pesticides while maintaining the biological efficiency of apple chemical *** results showed that the cumulative life cycle energy demand of apple production in Vojvodina,assuming a typical 22 annual treatments and relatively high pesticide application rate(1150 L/hm^(2)),was 48 GJ/hm^(2)and energy output was 94 GJ/hm^(2).Reduced number of treatments and lower pesticide application rates have a favorable impact on energy inputs associated with diesel fuel,machinery,chemicals,water and electricity consumption and usage,whereas other energy inputs remain *** energy input for 12 treatments with pesticide application rates of 381 L/hm^(2)was 36 GJ/hm^(2),which is a 25%reduction in comparison to 22 treatments with a pesticide application rate of 1150 L/hm^(2).Reduced number of treatments and pesticide application rate increased the energy use efficiency from 1.96 to 2.61,energy productivity from 0.82 kg/MJ to 1.09 kg/MJ,and net energy from 46 GJ/hm^(2)to 58 GJ/hm^(2).Results also suggest that applying the correct IPM approach can easily lead to a strong reduction in the number of treatments and a major energy saving.

关键词： apple production energy flow pesticide application rates total energy input energy balancing

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Integrated mutual selection based code dissemination for reprogramming wireless sensor networks

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2013年第1期20卷 79-84,114页

作者： ZHAO Zhi-wei WANG Yong-gang BU Jia-jun College of Computer Science Zhejiang University

Code dissemination is an important building block of wireless reprogramming. We notice that current code dissemination protocols fails to consider page selection and energy balancing. In this paper, we present an integrated mutual selection based code dissemination protocol （MSD）. The key idea of MSD is mutual selection comprising sender selection and page selection. By exploiting link quality information in mutual selection, MSD enhances the propagation. Further, MSD takes energy level information in the sender selection, thus avoiding low power nodes＇ over-consumption. We simulate MSD by settings of Mica-Z motes. Simulation results show that MSD can reduce the completion time and average transmission, and help low power nodes avoid unnecessary transmission and energy consumption.

关键词： wireless sensor network code dissemination link quality energy balancing

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ESTIMATION OF DOPPLER CENTROID FREQUENCY IN SPACEBORNE SCANSAR

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Journal of Electronics(China) 2008年第6期25卷 822-826页

作者： Zou Xiufang Zhang Qunying Lab 10 Institute of Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

Doppler centroid frequency is an essential parameter in the imaging processing of the Scanning mode Synthetic Aperture Radar (ScanSAR). Inaccurate Doppler centroid frequency will result in ghost images in imaging result. In this letter, the principle and algorithms of Doppler centroid frequency estimation are introduced. Then the echo data of ScanSAR system is analyzed. Based on the algorithms of energy balancing and correlation Doppler estimator in the estimation of Doppler centroid frequency in strip mode SAR, an improved method for Doppler centroid frequency estimation in ScanSAR is proposed. The method has improved the accuracy of Doppler centroid frequency estimation in ScanSAR by zero padding between burst data. Finally, the proposed method is validated with the processing of ENVIronment SATellite Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ENVISAT ASAR) wide swath raw data.

关键词： Spaceborne the Scanning mode Synthetic Aperture Radar (ScanSAR) Doppler centroid frequency energy balancing Correlation Doppler estimator

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