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Mapping of ionospheric parameters for space weather predictions: A concise review

Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第10期51卷 1589-1599页

作者： Y. KAMIDE A. IEDA Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan Solar-Terrestrial environment Laboratory Nagoya University Nagoya Aichi 464-8601 Japan

Reviewing briefly the recent progress in a joint program of specifying the polar ionosphere primarily on the basis of ground magnetometer data, this paper em-phasizes the importance of processing data from around the world in real time for space weather predictions. The output parameters from the program include ionospheric electric fields and currents and field-aligned currents. These real-time records are essential for running computer simulations under realistic boundary conditions and thus for making numerical predictions of space weather efficient as reliable as possible. Data from individual ground magnetometers as well as from the solar wind are collected and are used as input for the KRM and AMIE mag-netogram-inversion algorithms, through which the two-dimensional distribution of the ionospheric parameters is calculated. One of the goals of the program is to specify the solar-terrestrial environment in terms of ionospheric processes and to provide the scientific community with more than what geomagnetic activity indices and statistical models indicate.

关键词： ionosphere magnetogram inversion ground magnetic data space weather solar-terrestrial en- vironment

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Effect of the endoparasitoid Campoletis chlorideae on phenoloxidase activity in Helicoverpa armigera hemo-lymph

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第21期46卷 1797-1800页

作者： Lihong Yin Chenzhu Wang Junde Qin Chinese Acad Sci Inst Zool State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects Beijing 100080 Peoples R China

endoparasitoid wasps can develop inside permissive host due to their ability to overcome or to evade the host’s cellular and humoral immune response. Oviposition of Campoletis chlorideae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in larvae of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera) was accompanied by inhibition of phenoloxidase (PO) activity and melanization reaction in host hemolymph in vitro. PO activity in host plasma was decreased about 83% 48 h post para-sitization. A similar result was found when the host insect was injected with 0.5 wasp equivalent calyx fluid. This indicated that the calyx fluid was concerned with suppression of PO activity after parasitization. Furthermore, the prophen-oloxidase (proPO) in host haemocytes could be activated by bovine trypsin in unparasitized insects, while it could not be activated in parasitized or calyx fluid-injected host. The results suggested that inhibition of PO activity by parasitization was related to the calyx fluid of Campoletis chlorideae, and the components of calyx

关键词： insect immunity phenoloxidase prophenoloxidase en- doparasitoid calyx fluid.

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