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Use of a mathematical model of autopoietic maintenance of pulmonary alveolar integrity to show a possible relationship between epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the genesis of emphysema and fibrosis

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Open Journal of Molecular and Integrative Physiology 2011年第2期1卷 23-28页

作者： Kyongyob Min Keita Hosoi Yoshinori Kinoshita Satoshi Hara Hiroyuki Degami Tetsuo Takada Takahiko Nakamura 不详

Rationale: There is accumulating evidence that a group of stem/progenitor cells (SPCs) maintain alveolar epithelial integrity. Pulmonary emphysema is characterized by the histological finding of the loss of alveolar epithelial integrity along with corresponding bronchiolar fibrosis. Objectives: Based on the concept of autopoiesis (the capacity to produce oneself), we proposed a mathematical model in the maintenance of alveolar epithelial integrity as related to the genesis of pulmonary emphysema and fibrosis. Methods: A tessellation automaton model was used to describe the autopoietic dynamics of the bronchiolo-alveolar epithelial surface. The alveolar septal volume en-closed by the epithelial surface is a distributed system of discrete elements, which move by random walk in the manner of Brownian motion. Assuming that the numbers of components and events in the automaton are large, an approximate theoretical treatment in terms of differential equations is possible, allowing a set of partial differential equations to be produced. Results: 1) Assuming the loss of progenitor cells through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a sharp bifurcation between two qualitatively distinct regions of the phase space (one that is repaired completely, and another that has disappeared entirely) clearly appeared. 2) Thus, from the system of discrete and spatial partial differential equations, we obtained a system of ordinary differential equations in equilibrium conditions that defined a close relationship between the degree of emphysema, the density of alveolar septal fibroblasts, and the mean concentration of SPCs. Conclusions: A mathematical model of the autopoietic maintenance of the alveolar epithelial surface suggested a close relationship between alveolar emphysema and fibrosis and EMT in lungs affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

关键词： Autopoiesis Pulmonary emphysema Pulmonary Fibrosis Pulmonary Stem/Progenitor Cells

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A New Variant of Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and emphysema from Long-Term High-Dose of Glucocorticoid Therapy: A Case Report

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2017年第12期6卷 301-307页

作者： Qigang Zeng Chenxia Duan Yong Dai Guangdong Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Foshan China

Recent studies have described the combination of both pulmonary emphysema and idiopathic interstitial lung disease (ILDs) by means of high-resolution computed axial tomography (HRCT). Definition of this syndrome was first named by Cottin as combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE). Functional and radiological findings have showed that these patients are suffering from severe breathlessness, but whose pulmonary functional tests revealed no signs of obstruction, normal static lung volumes, and depressed DLco, most with a history of smoking [1] [2]. The radiological and endoscopic studies especially show that these patients have both areas of upper-lobe predominant emphysema and lesions compatible with fibrosis in both lung bases [3]. No prior research has reported any cases of such condition in person with no prior history of smoking as well as long-term high-dose of glucocorticoid therapy. In this case report, we discuss the presentation, diagnosis, and management of a 53-year-old non-smoker with increasing shortness of breath with a long-term high-dose of glucocorticoid therapy discovered to have an abnormal variant or presentation of CPFE. The cause of disease was attributed to a certain history of smoking in most studies;other potential risk factors have yet to be properly analyzed. This clinical report features a special case about the problem and solution surrounding this issue.

关键词： emphysema Pulmonary Fibrosis High-Dose of Glucocorticoid Therapy Lung Diseases

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Study on the development of emphysema in transgenic mice

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延边大学医学学报 1999年第4期22卷 243-250页

作者： SONG Jing yu 1,Charles D.Boyd 2,Janis A.Raley 3 (1 Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China 2 Department of Matrix Pathobiology, Pacific Biomedical Research Center, University of Hawaii, HI 96822, U

OBJECTIVE To study the development of emphysema in transgenic mice. METHODS From the constructed transgenic mice, the reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was carried out; the P37/P32 ratios were compared; hematoxylin and eosin and Verhoeff Van Giesen histopathologic staining was carried out on paraffin embedded tissue sections. RESULTS Under the transcriptional control of 3 2 kb of the promoter of the rat tropoelastin gene, expression of a minigene which lacks the conserved hydrophobic domain encoded by exon 33 resulted in the progressive development of a lethal pulmonary disorderresembling an emphysematous phenotype in multiple founder lines of transgenic mice. These mice often did prematurely and histological analysis of the lung revealed marked enlargement of alveoli, sepal damage, and fragment sepal elastic fibers. CONCLUSION The development of emphysema in the transgenic animals is the first example of an elastic tissue disorder due directly to aberrant expression of the tropoelastin gene. Our results suggest that additional disease phenotypes may manifest as a result of alteration in the expression of tropoelastin and tropoelastin gene mutations, therefore, will be result in heritable disorders of elastic tissue.

关键词： elastin mice,transgenic emphysema

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Cervicofacial emphysema and Pneumomediastinum Complicating a Dental Extraction

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2015年第7期4卷 257-260页

作者： Abdelkarim Shimi Said Benlamkaddem Driss Tahse Ali Derkaoui Mohammed Khatouf Intensive Care Unit A1 University Hospital Hassan II Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University Fez Morocco

Background: Pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema are a rare and well-known complication of dental procedures. Many cases go unrecognized and resolve spontaneously, while others may require specific therapeutic management to prevent complications. Case Presentations: We report a case of cervical subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediasitnum occurring after extraction of lower right second molar. The emphysema was detected 2 hours after dental surgery. This paper reports on the diagnosis and treatment of subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum. Conclusion: In order to prevent this complication, air turbine high speed drills should be used only in necessary cases.

关键词： Subcutaneous emphysema Pneumomediastinum Dental Extraction

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Cervical Subcutaneous emphysema;Sequelae from Occult Perforation of Sigmoid Diverticulum

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2010年第2期1卷 78-80页

作者： Mohammed Choudhury Michael Vassallo 不详

Background: An elderly lady presented with dyspnoea due to congestive cardiac failure. She was subsequently noted to have cervi-cal subcutaneous emphysema. Post mortem identified an occult perforation of a sigmoid diverticulum. Cervical subcutaneous em-physema is a recognised complication of gastrointestinal perforation;however, it is normally associated with upper gastrointestinal pathology, procedure related or sequel of existing disease. Summary: A perforated sigmoid diverticulum is a very rare cause of cer-vical subcutaneous emphysema. In this patient, signs and symptoms of peritonism were also late in onset and the location of the per-foration was not found despite high resolution imaging being used.

关键词： Subcutaneous emphysema Perforation Diverticulum

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<i>Hydrogen peroxide</i>as a cause of iatrogenic subcutaneous cervicofacial emphysema: Is it innocent?

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Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics 2012年第3期2卷 48-50页

作者： Mehmet Haksever Davut Akduman Bursa Sevket Yilmaz Education and Training Hospital Department of Otorhinolaryngology BursaTurkey

The subcutaneous cervicofacial emphysema is a rare and serious disease. There is a wide variety of etiologic factors for subcutaneous cervicofacial emphysema. As an maitrisable factor, the use of hydrogen peroxide 3% as an irrigant to newly operated tissue plans may cause emphysema. We report here a case with iatrojenic cervicofacial emphysema, occurred after the irrigation of hydrogen peroxide 3% to the drilled teeth root during dental treatment.

关键词： Hydrogen Peroxide Cervicofacial emphysema Dental Surgery

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Lung emphysema

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China Medical Abstracts(Internal Medicine) 2005年第2期22卷 93-95页

2005207 Changes of the activity and expression of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. LIN Shu-dian(林书典), et al. Dept Respir Dis Res, Human Instit Gerontol, Hunan Geriatric Hosp, Changsha 410001. Chin J Tubere Respir Dis, 2005;28(2) :97-111. Objective: To investigate the oxidative/antioxida-tive status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) , and to study the

关键词： synthetase 书典 ventilation oxidative Hunan smoke Lung emphysema BIPAP glutathione Nanjing

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Retropharyngeal emphysema: An unusual aetiology—A case report and literature review

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2013年第3期2卷 194-197页

作者： Daniel Adekunle Onakoya Paul Adekunle Department of Otorhinolaryngology College of Medicine and University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria

Introduction: Retropharyngeal emphysema is a potentially life threatening condition which may require urgent diagnosis and intervention. It has been documented to occur following trauma to the aerodigestive tract and is usually accompanied by subcutaneous emphysema of the cervical region. This condition may be complicated by mediastinal emphysema and pneumomediastinum. Foreign body ingestion is quite common in little children and in this environment;a cultural practice is for mothers or other caregivers to attempt to remove these foreign bodies by forcing their finger(s) down the oropharynx and Hypopharynx of these young children. This usually results in injuries to these anatomical sites. Retropharyngeal emphysema complicating this practice is rarely reported. Case presentation: We present the case of a 4-year-old Nigerian boy who presented with stridor and severe dyspnoea following repeated attempts at removal of a purportedly ingested foreign body by his mother. Examination revealed oedema of the soft palate with small multiple bleeding shallow lacerations of the oropharyngeal walls. Oxygen therapy was commenced and preparations for urgent upper airway intervention made. Soft tissue neck X-ray revealed retropharyngeal and subcutaneous emphysema with upper airway compromise. Conservative treatment with high dose steroids and antibiotics led to a gradual resolution of the condition. Conclusion: This is a rarely reported complication of this relatively common socio-cultural “foreign body removal method”. Public awareness is required to stop this potentially life threatening practice.

关键词： Retropharyngeal emphysema Foreign Body Foreign Body Removal

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Compressif Giant Segmental Congenital emphysema: Diagnosis and Traitment

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Surgical Science 2016年第4期7卷 195-198页

作者： Moussa Abdoulaye Ouattara Seydou Togo Abdoul Aziz Diakité Ibrahima Sankaré Bourama Kané Sekou Koumaré Mody Abdoulaye Camara Zimogo Ziè Sanogo Sadio Yena Department of Thoracic Surgery Hospital of Mali Bamako Mali Department of Pediatric Gabriel Touré Teaching Hospital Bamako Mali Department of Surgery Point G Teaching Hospital Bamako Mali Department of Imagery Hospital of Mali Bamako Mali

The giant congenital lobar emphysema is a rare malformation infant pathology. The authors report a similar case which is distinguished by its segmental location even rare with its compressive character in which segmen... 详细信息

关键词： emphysema Congenital Segmentectomy

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Cervico-Facial Soft Tissue emphysema with Pneumo-Mediastinum Following Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Dilemma of Related or Unrelated Complication

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2013年第3期2卷 86-89页

作者： Produl Hazarika Seema Elina Punnoose Ananth Pai Rajeev Chaturvedi Department of ENT NMC Specialty Hospital Abu Dhabi UAE Department of General Surgery NMC Specialty Hospital Abu Dhabi UAE Department of Radiology NMC Specialty Hospital Abu Dhabi UAE

We present a rare and unusual complication of cervico-facial soft tissue emphysema with pneumo-mediastinum which occurred in a 30-year-old female Jordanian patient in our hospital in October 2010 in Abu Dhabi following FESS. CT scan evaluation of aero-digestive tract in the immediate post-operative period was done to ascertain the cause pertaining to any surgical trauma or anaesthesia related complications. Such a case previously unreported has been included in this study. A simple close monitoring after establishing the cause is usually sufficient in management of such related or unrelated complications during FESS which in our case was likely to be anaesthesia related. Published data of such a complication assists in building up a good and effective medical audit based on ethical practice. This paper stresses the importance of immediate CT scan of aero-digestive tract in evaluating the cause.

关键词： Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Cervico-Facial emphysema Pneumo-Mediastinum Ethical Practice Medical Audit Extended Indication of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery CT Scan

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