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An improved method for internal multiple elimination using the theory of virtual events

Petroleum Science 2022年第6期19卷 2663-2674页

作者： Pei-Nan Bao Ying Shi Wei-Hong Wang Wei Zhang Zhe-Jun Pan Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Efficient Development Ministry of EducationNortheast Petroleum UniversityDaqingHeilongjiang163318China School of Earth Sciences Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqingHeilongjiang163318China School of Information and Communication Engineering Faculty of Electronic and Information EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anShaanxi710049China National Engineering Laboratory for Offshore Oil Exploration Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anShaanxi710049China

Compared with first-order surface-related multiples from marine data,the onshore internal multiples are weaker and are always combined with a hazy and occasionally strong interference pattern.It is usually difficult to discriminate these events from complex targets and highly scattering overburdens,especially when the primary energy from deep layers is weaker than that from shallow layers.The internal multiple elimination is even more challenging due to the fact that the velocity and energy difference between primary reflections and internal multiples is tiny.In this study,we propose an improved method which formulates the elimination of the internal multiples as an optimization problem and develops a convolution factor T.The generated internal multiples at all interfaces are obtained using the convolution factor T through iterative inversion of the initial multiple model.The predicted internal multiples are removed from seismic data through subtraction.Finally,several synthetic experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of our approach.The results of our study indicate that compared with the traditional virtual events method,the improved method simplifies the multiple prediction process in which internal multiples generated from each interface are built through iterative inversion,thus reducing the calculation cost,improving the accuracy,and enhancing the adaptability of field data.

关键词： Internal multiple Convolution factor elimination Virtual events

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A decade of innovation to deepen the understanding of infectious diseases of poverty and foster their control and elimination

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第6期11卷 1-4页

作者： Dirk Engels Sheng‑lan Tang Colin DButler Ayoade MJOduola Tania Cde Araujo‑Jorge George FGao Jürg Utzinger Xiao‑Nong Zhou World Health Organization(Retired) GenevaSwitzerland Duke University DurhamUSA Australia National University CanberraAustralia University of Ibadan Research Foundation University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Institute Oswaldo Cruz Oswaldo Cruz FoundationRio de JaneiroBrazil Chinese Acad‑emy of Sciences BeijingPeople’s Republic of China Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute AllschwilSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghaiPeo‑ple’s Republic of China One Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University The University of EdinburghShanghaiPeople’s Republic of China

Exactly 10 years ago,on 25 October 2012,a group of scientists,policy-makers,and practitioners undertook an ambitious project to launch a new open-access journal,named Infectious Diseases of Poverty[1].The idea had originated from a think-tank put forth by the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases(TDR),an organisation co-sponsored by the United Nations Children’s Fund(UNICEF),the United Nations Development Programme(UNDP),the World Bank,and the World Health Organization(WHO).Indeed,this think-tank published a comprehensive Global Report for Research on Infectious Diseases of Poverty[2]that guided the scope and remit of Infectious Diseases of Poverty.

关键词： UNICEF elimination originated

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Malaria slide bank plays a crucial role in achieving and sustaining malaria elimination in India

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2023年第10期16卷 431-433页

作者： Shrikant Nema Nitika Nitika Anup R Anvikar Praveen K Bharti ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research Sector 8Dwarka 110077New DelhiIndia

India's healthcare system continues to place the highest priority on the fight against malaria[1].Malaria elimination program has received considerable attention from both the public and private sectors,resulting in a significant drop in malaria cases[2].In 2022,a total of 176000 million cases of malaria were reported in India,in which Plasmodium(P.)falciparum has contributed 57.0%and 42.3%were P.vivax cases and limited cases of P.malariae and P.ovale.

关键词： malaria Malaria elimination

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Hurdles in achieving the goal of malaria elimination by India

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第7期15卷 287-289页

作者： Gaurav Kumar Jaspreet Kaur Shweta Pasi ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research Sector-8DwarkaDelhiIndia

India is a major contributor to the malaria burden in Southeast Asia, with 83% estimated cases and 82% estimated deaths reported in 2020[1]. As per the National Center for Vector-Borne Disease Control(NCVBDC) estimates, around 0.19 million cases and 93 deaths occurred in the country due to malaria in 2020. Since 2002, India has made impressive progress in malaria control with an approximately 90% reduction in malaria cases over the last two decades and is on the road to malaria elimination by 2030.

关键词： malaria elimination cases

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elimination of lymphatic filariasis:Where do we stand so far?

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2023年第9期16卷 385-399页

作者： Aashna Sinha Sudhashekhar Kumar Deen Dayal Vaishali Yadav Atreyi Pramanik Kundan Kumar Chaubey Sanjay Kumar Division of Research and Innovation School of Applied and Life SciencesUttaranchal UniversityArcadia GrantP.O.ChandanwariPremnagarDehradunUttarakhand-248007India Department of Physiology School of Medical Science and ResearchSharda UniversityGreater NoidaUP-201310India Department of Biotechnology GLA UniversityMathuraUP-281406India Department of Microbiology Central University of Haryana123031India School of Basic and Applied Sciences Sanskriti UniversityMathuraUttar Pradesh-281401India Biological and Bio-computational Lab Department of Life ScienceSharda School of Basic Sciences and ResearchSharda UniversityGreater NoidaUP-201310India

Lymphatic filariasis(LF),an asymptomatic,acute,and chronic condition in human beings,is the second most common vector-borne disease after malaria.According to the World Health Organization,there are 120 million LF cases detected in 81 tropical and subtropical countries,and one billion people are at risk.Therefore,the Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis was launched in 2000,with the primary objective of stopping LF transmission among all at-risk groups using mass drug administration(MDA),managing morbidities,and preventing LF-related impairments using a minimum treatment package.Additionally,other programs such as epidemiological assessment including National Filaria Control Program and World Health Organization recommended routine and pre-MDA microfilaremia surveys also implemented to stop the LF transmission.The routine filaria surveys were also carried out in around 2000-4000 individuals/month throughout the year whereas pre-MDA surveys were also conducted every year in approximately 4000 individuals in four fixed and four random sites.Furthermore,the Transmission Assessment Survey was also conducted to check the risk of LF among primary school children.Moreover,potential diagnostic methods,systematic surveillance regimes,the Direct Network Report system,and regular trainings and awareness may be also effective in preventing the recurrence of LF.Hence,this review emphasizes the potential advocacy tools and various strategies as well as procedures for monitoring,which could be impactful in eliminating LF.

关键词： Lymphatic filariasis Treatment Challenges Prospect elimination

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Junction Point elimination based Tamil Handwritten Character Recognition:An Experimental Analysis

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2020年第1期29卷 100-123页

作者： M.Antony Robert Raj S.Abirami Department of Information Science and Technology Anna UniversityChennai 600025

Optical Character Recognition is the mechanical or electronic conversion of images of typed,handwritten or printed text into machine-encoded text for online reading and study.In this OCR technique,Tamil handwritten character recognition is one of the most needed and challengeable subjects of research.An encounter between selection and extraction of proper features eliminates the issues faced by the Tamil handwritten recognition.The character and the writers complexities are the major difficulties and challenges faced by this recognition system.Eventually,the character complexity can be overcome by any pre-extraction or selection process,wherein,structured or statistical pre-extraction algorithm can be designed,discovering the essential features,in the case of writer difficulties.The challenges of Tamil handwritten characters are structure over looping;unnecessary character portion;structure discontinuations and so on.The character portions in this research are chosen by implementing a new algorithm called the Junction Point elimination(JPE)after conscientious analysis done on the existing algorithms like Zoning,Zoning and Junction Point(ZJP)and the Junction Point (JP) based feature pre-extraction process.The novelty behind this work is introducing an algorithm in order to truncate the problem in the existing feature selection and preextraction algorithms.Suitable feature extraction and classification algorithm are chosen and applied on the features extracted by JPE to test whether the same can be reached in successful manner.The final analysis and experiments shows that the JPE is better than the others.

关键词： Junction point elimination chain code zoning prism tree quad tree support vector machine

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Surveillance-based evidence:elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem in the Peoples’Republic of China

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第3期9卷 39-50页

作者： Jing Xu Shi-Zhu Li Li-Juan Zhang Robert Bergquist Hui Dang Qiang Wang Shan Lv Tian-Ping Wang Dan-Dan Lin Jian-Bing Liu Guang-Hui Ren Kun Yang Yang Liu Yi Dong Shi-Qing Zhang Xiao-Nong Zhou National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesChinese Center for Tropical Disease ResearchShanghai 200025People’s Republic of China Geospatial Health Ingerod 407S-45494 BrastadSweden Anhui Provincial Institute of Schistosomiasis Control HefeiAnhui Province 230061People’s Republic of China Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Disease NanchangJiangxi Province 330006People’s Republic of China Hubei Provincial Institute of Schistosomiasis Control Hubei Center for Disease ControlWuhanHubei Province 430079People’s Republic of China Hunan Provincial Institute of Schistosomiasis Control YueyangHunan Province 414000People’s Republic of China Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Schistosomiasis Control WuxiJiangsu Province 214064People’s Republic of China Sichuan Center for Disease Control ChengduSichuan Province 610041People’s Republic of China Yunnan Provincial Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention DaliYunnan Province 671000People’s Republic of China

Background:A steady progress on schistosomiasis control in the Peoples’Republic of China(P.R.China)was achieved and broadened into the twelve-year medium and long term national plan(MLNP)which marled the implementation of an integrated control strategy across all endemic areas in P.R.China in 2004.To understand the endemic trends of schistosomiasis to assess the effectiveness of an integrated strategy,we conducted an analysis of schistosomiasis surveillance data spanned from 2005 to 2015.Methods:The schistosomiasis sentinel surveillance data from sentinel sites were collected and analyzed from 2005 to 2015.In these sentinel sites,residents aged 6 years or above were screened annually by indirect hemagglutination assay(IHA),while only antibody positives were followed by stool examination either Kato-katz method(KK)and/or hatching technique(HT).Domestic animals raised in sentinel sites were examined by HT for confirming the infection of schistosomes.Snail investigation was conducted each year through systematic sampling method combined with environmental sampling method.The snails collected from field were tested by microscopic dissection method.The infection rates of schistosomes in residents,domestic animals and snails,as well as the indicators reflecting the snails’distribution were calculated and analyzed.ANOVA analysis was used to examine the changes of the number of eggs per gram feces in population and Chi-square test was used to examine any change in proportions among groups.Results:A total of 148902 residents from sentinel sites attended this study and 631676 blood samples were examined by IHA test during the 11 covered years.The annual average antibody positive rates presented a significant decrease trends,from 17.48%(95%CI:17.20–17.75%)in 2005 to 5.93%(95%CI:5.71–6.15%)(χ2=8890.47,P<0.001)in 2015.During 2005–2015,the average infection rate of schistosomes in residents declined from 2.07%(95%CI:1.96–2.17%)to 0.13%(95%CI:0.09–0.16%),accompanied by significant decrease of infection intensity in population.I

关键词： Schistosomiasis Surveillance Infection rate elimination China

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Economic evaluation of the hepatitis C elimination strategy in Greece in the era of affordable direct-acting antivirals

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第11期25卷 1327-1340页

作者： Ilias Gountas Vana Sypsa George Papatheodoridis Kyriakos Souliotis Kostas Athanasakis Homie Razavi Angelos Hatzakis Department of Hygiene Epidemiology and Medical StatisticsMedical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens Hellenic Scientific Society for the Study of AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases Department of Gastroenterology Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensLaiko General Hospital Faculty of Social and Political Sciences University of Peloponnese Department of Health Economics National School of Public Health Center for Disease Analysis

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV) is a leading cause of worldwide liver-related morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization released an integrated strategy targeting HCV-elimination by 2030. This study aims to estimate the required interventions to achieve elimination using updated information for direct-acting antiviral(DAA) treatment coverage, to compute the total costs(including indirect/societal costs) of the strategy and to identify whether the elimination strategy is cost-effective/cost-saving in Greece.AIM To estimate the required interventions and subsequent costs to achieve HCV elimination in Greece.METHODS A previously validated mathematical model was adapted to the Greek HCVinfected population to compare the outcomes of DAA treatment without the additional implementation of awareness or screening campaigns versus an HCV elimination strategy, which includes a sufficient number of treated patients. We estimated the total costs(direct and indirect costs), the disability-adjusted life years and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio using two different price scenarios.RESULTS Without the implementation of awareness or screening campaigns,approximately 20000 patients would be diagnosed and treated with DAAs by2030. This strategy would result in a 19.6% increase in HCV-related mortality in2030 compared to 2015. To achieve the elimination goal, 90000 patients need to be treated by 2030. Under the elimination scenario, viremic cases would decrease by78.8% in 2030 compared to 2015. The cumulative direct costs to eliminate the disease would range from 2.1-2.3 billion euros(€) by 2030, while the indirect costs would be €1.1 billion. The total elimination cost in Greece would range from €3.2-3.4 billion by 2030. The cost per averted disability-adjusted life year is estimated between €10100 and €13380, indicating that the elimination strategy is very costeffective. Furthermore, HCV elimination strategy would save €560-895 million by2035.CONCLUSION Without large screening programs, elimination of HCV ca

关键词： Hepatitis C elimination Cost effectiveness Cost of elimination Indirect costs Projections Mathematical modelling Awareness and screening programs World Health Organization targets

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Protecting the gains of malaria elimination in China

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第2期9卷 1-3页

作者： Xinyu Feng Joshua Levens Xiao-Nong Zhou National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Diseases Control and PreventionChinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai 200025China WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases National Center for International Research on Tropical DiseasesMinistry of Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyMinistry of HealthShanghai 200025China RBM Partnership to End Malaria GenevaSwitzerland

Background About half of the world's population risks contracting malaria,which despite the effective treatments available globally,remains a life-threatening affliction,particularly for the poorest and most vulnerable populations.To raise awareness,advocacy,and action towards defeating the disease,which was responsible for approximately 228 million debilitating infections and 405000 deaths at last count in 2018,the international community has,since 2008,commemorated World Malaria Day on 25 April.Events all over the world have provided opportunities for malaria affected countries to learn from each other's experiences and support each other's efforts.Likewise,it has been an occasion for development partners across all countries to showcase their efforts against malaria,reflect on successes,and assess the challenges ahead.This year the World Malaria Day takes its theme from the pan-African campaign,first launched in Senegal,known as"Zero palu!Je m'engage"or"Zero Malaria Starts with Me".

关键词： malaria Malaria elimination

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Towards hepatitis C virus elimination:Egyptian experience,achievements and limitations

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第38期24卷 4330-4340页

作者： Dalia Omran Mohamed Alboraie Rania A Zayed Mohamed-Naguib Wifi Mervat Naguib Mohamed Eltabbakh Mohamed Abdellah Ahmed Fouad Sherief Sahar Maklad Heba Hamdy Eldemellawy Omar Khalid Saad Doaa Mohamed Khamiss Mohamed El Kassas Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatology Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 11651Egypt Department of Endemic Medicine Faculty of MedicineHelwan UniversityCairo 11599Egypt Department of Internal Medicine Al-Azhar UniversityCairo 11651Egypt Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 11651Egypt Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 11599Egypt Department of Tropical Medicine Faculty of MedicineAin Shams UniversityCairo 11566Egypt National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute Cairo 11599Egypt Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of MedicineBeni-Suef UniversityBeni-Suef 62511Egypt Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams UniversityCairo 11566Egypt Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology El-monera hospitalMinistry of HealthCairo 11562Egypt

Worldwide, more than one million people die each year from hepatitis C virus(HCV) related diseases, and over 300 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B or C. Egypt used to be on the top of the countries with heavy HCV burden. Some countries are making advances in elimination of HCV, yet multiple factors preventing progress; remain for the majority. These factors include lack of global funding sources for treatment, late diagnosis, poor data, and inadequate screening. Treatment of HCV in Egypt has become one of the top national priorities since 2007. Egypt started a national treatment program intending to provide cure for Egyptian HCV-infected patients. Mass HCV treatment program had started using Pegylated interferon and ribavirin between 2007 and 2014. Yet, with the development of highly-effective direct acting antivirals(DAAs) for HCV, elimination of viral hepatitis has become a real possibility. The Egyptian National Committee for the Control of Viral Hepatitis did its best to provide Egyptian HCV patients with DAAs. Egypt adopted a strategy that represents a model of care that could help other countries with high HCV prevalence rate in their battle against HCV. This review covers the effects of HCV management in Egyptian real life settings and the outcome of different treatment protocols. Also, it deals with the current and future strategies for HCV prevention and screening as well as the challenges facing HCV elimination and the prospect of future eradication of HCV.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Egypt Direct acting antivirals screening elimination Limitations

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