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The eligibility criteria,training content,and scope of practice for prescriptive authority for midwives:a modified Delphi study

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Frontiers of Nursing 2019年第3期6卷 191-201页

作者： Shi-Fan Han Hong-Xia Ren Xiu-Juan Wang Xiao-Ding Yue Si-Yu Dou School of Nursing Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxi 030001China First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University TaiyuanShanxi 030001China

Objective:To investigate the necessary eligibility criteria for prescriptive authority for midwives,gather suggestions from experts on training content for prescriptive authority for midwives,and explore the scope of practice of their prescriptive authority in certain circumstances.The results of this study could serve as a reference for the development of policies on prescriptive authority for midwives.Methods:Based on a literature search and semistructured interviews,a modified Delphi method was first used to conduct 2 rounds of expert consultation on eligibility criteria and training content for prescriptive authority for midwives.This stage included nursing experts(20)and medical experts(16)engaged in midwifery in many tertiary Grade A hospitals in China.Subsequently,consultation on the scope of practice of prescriptive authority for midwives was conducted with nursing experts(18)and medical experts(14)engaged in midwifery in many tertiary Grade A hospitals in China.The suggestions from the experts were analyzed using statistical methods to confirm the eligibility criteria for prescriptive authority,training content,circumstances,scope of practice for prescriptive authority,and the prescription forms.Results:Among the consulted experts,70.59%(the highest acceptance rate)considered an undergraduate degree to be the minimum educational requirement for midwives to be eligible for prescriptive authority,85.29%(the highest acceptance rate)considered the supervisor nurse to be the minimum technical position experience necessary for midwives to be eligible for having prescriptive authority,and 50%(the highest acceptance rate)considered 5 years to be the minimum number of years of experience in the specialty for midwives to be eligible for prescriptive authority.The applicants should at least be practicing at Grade C hospitals,which was the consensus among 91.18%of the consulted experts.Among the consulted experts,100%,100%,97.06%,94.12%,and 94.12%agreed that the applicants should have knowledge in pharmacology,laws

关键词： Delphi study midwife eligibility criteria training content circumstances scope of practice prescriptive authority prescription forms

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Trial eligibility in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Does it support clinical practice in underrepresented subgroups?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第24期27卷 3429-3439页

作者： Federico Piñero Leonardo Gomes da Fonseca Hepatology and Liver Unit Hospital Universitario AustralSchool of MedicineAustral UniversityBuenos Aires B1629HJArgentina Clinical Oncology Insituto do Cancer do Estado de São PauloUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05403-000Brazil

Although hepatocellular carcinoma is considered a highly lethal malignancy,recent therapeutic advances have been achieved during the last 10 years.This scenario resulted in an unprecedented improvement in survival for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma,almost reaching 20-26 mo of overall survival after first-second line sequential treatment.The advent of the combination of atezolizumab with bevacizumab showed,for the first time,superiority over sorafenib with improvement in overall survival.However,first and second-line trials were correctly based on the premise that a strict selection of patients enhances the power to capture the positive effect of treatment by excluding competing risks for mortality such as liver failure,decompensated cirrhosis or other underlying medical conditions.As a result,the inclusion criteria used in clinical trials do not support the use of novel therapies in several real-world scenarios involving underrepresented subgroups,such as patients with unpreserved liver function,other comorbid conditions,a history of solid-organ transplantation,autoimmune disorders and those with a high risk of bleeding.The present text aims at discussing treatment strategies in these subgroups.

关键词： eligibility Systemic therapies End-stage Hepatocellular carcinoma

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Antiviral Therapy eligibility and Low Treatment Coverage among Hepatitis B Virus Infected Patients in Tanzania

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肠胃病学期刊(英文) 2023年第10期13卷 299-312页

作者： Semvua B. Kilonzo Igembe Nkandala Hyasinta Jaka Leticia Marmo Department of Internal Medicine Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania Department of Internal Medicine Bugando Medical Centre Mwanza Tanzania

Introduction: Limited access to treatment is a crucial factor contributing to the suboptimal control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, especially in sub-Saharan African countries such as Tanzania. The eligibility for antiviral therapy is typically determined based on the extent of HBV replication and liver damage. However, there is insufficient data available regarding the actual treatment needs and the overall characteristics of HBV-infected individuals in Tanzania. Therefore, the aim of this study is to fill this knowledge gap and provide valuable insights to aid in the planning of treatment programs. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at Bugando Medical Centre in northwest Tanzania, examining the data of 340 patients who were diagnosed with chronic HBV infection and attending the hepatitis clinic. Data on sociodemographic, clinical, and investigation details were collected through electronic files and subsequently analyzed. The eligibility for HBV antiviral treatment was assessed using the criteria established by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results: Out of the 340 patients included in the study, the majorities were males 252 (74.1%) and had a median age of 36 years. Most patients came from outside of Mwanza city. Twenty-percent had significantly elevated alanine transaminase, and over one-third had high DNA levels (>2000 IU/L). The prevalences of liver cirrhosis and significant liver fibrosis were 15% and 15.3%, respectively. None of the patients were on antiviral therapy for hepatitis B. A total of 64 (18.8%) patients met the criteria for treatment eligibility. Male sex, older age, residing outside Mwanza city, and anemia (all with p Conclusion and Recommendations: The significant number of HBV-infected patients is suitable for antiviral therapy but none of them have initiated the treatment. The significance of these findings is to emphasize the need for enhancing hepatitis B services in Tanzania.

关键词： Hepatitis B Treatment eligibility Coverage Tanzania

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Estimating the number of Chinese cancer patients eligible for and benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors

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Frontiers of Medicine 2022年第5期16卷 773-783页

作者： Kaili Yang Jiarui Li Lin Zhao Zhao Sun Chunmei Bai Department of Medical Oncology Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100032China

The total number of cancer patients who are eligible for and will benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)in China has not been quantified.This cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the number of Chinese cancer patients with eligibility and response to ICIs based on the 2015 Chinese cancer statistics and the immune checkpoint inhibitor clinical practice guideline of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology.A total of 11 ICIs were recommended for 17 cancer types.The estimated number of eligible patients annually was 1290156(55.18%),which included 888738 males(60.05%)and 400468 females(46.67%).The estimated number of responders annually was 448972(19.20%),which included 309023 males(20.88%)and 139764 females(16.29%).Gastric cancer(n=291000,12.45%),non-small-cell lung cancer(n=289629,12.39%),and hepatocellular carcinoma(n=277100,11.85%)were the top three cancer types with the highest number of eligible patients.Non-small-cell lung cancer(n=180022,7.70%),hepatocellular carcinoma(n=75648,3.24%),and small-cell lung cancer(n=64362,2.75%)were the top three cancer types with the highest number of responders.In conclusion,ICIs provide considerable benefit in Chinese cancer patients under optimal estimation.

关键词： benefit China eligibility immune checkpoint inhibitor public health

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Frequency of and reasons behind non-listing in adult patients referred for liver transplantation: Results from a retrospective study

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 99-106页

作者： Marco Biolato Luca Miele Giuseppe Marrone Claudia Tarli Antonio Liguori Rosaria Calia Giovanni Addolorato Salvatore Agnes Antonio Gasbarrini Maurizio Pompili Antonio Grieco Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences CEMADFondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery Catholic University of Sacred HeartRome 00168Italy

BACKGROUND Few studies have evaluated the frequency of and the reasons behind the refusal of listing liver transplantation candidates.AIM To assess the ineligibility rate for liver transplantation and its motivations.METHODS A single-center retrospective study was conducted on adult patients which entailed a formal multidisciplinary assessment for liver transplantation eligibility.The predictors for listing were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression.RESULTS In our center,314 patients underwent multidisciplinary work-up before liver transplantation enlisting over a three-year period.The most frequent reasons for transplant evaluation were decompensated cirrhosis(51.6%)and hepatocellular carcinoma(35.7%).The non-listing rate was 53.8%and the transplant rate was 34.4%for the whole cohort.Two hundred and five motivations for ineligibility were collected.The most common contraindications were psychological(9.3%),cardiovascular(6.8%),and surgical(5.9%).Inappropriate or premature referral accounted for 76(37.1%)cases.On multivariable analysis,a referral from another hospital(OR:2.113;95%CI:1.259–3.548)served as an independent predictor of non-listing.CONCLUSION A non-listing decision occurred in half of our cohort and was based on an inappropriate or premature referral in one case out of three.The referral from another hospital was taken as a strong predictor of non-listing.

关键词： Controindication eligibility Evaluation Referral Personalized medicine

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“USPTO关于专利主题适格性的暂行指南”之分析与展望

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电子知识产权 2015年第1期 71-74页

作者：韩威威中国国际贸易促进委员会专利商标事务所

2014年12月16日,美国专利商标局发布"2014关于专利主题适格性的暂行指南",结合近年来美国最高法院重要的司法判例,提出了新的主题适格性判断流程,并提供了相应的实例分析。本文通过将该指南与USPTO2014年3月发布的"用于确定记载或涉及... 详细信息

2014年12月16日,美国专利商标局发布"2014关于专利主题适格性的暂行指南",结合近年来美国最高法院重要的司法判例,提出了新的主题适格性判断流程,并提供了相应的实例分析。本文通过将该指南与USPTO2014年3月发布的"用于确定记载或涉及自然法则、自然现象和/或天然产品的权利要求的主题适格性的指南"进行比较,分析新指南带来的变化,并针对主题适格性问题提出专利保护策略设计的建议,对未来的实践提出展望。

关键词： USPTO 主题适格性美国最高法院 Interim eligibility Guidance

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论案外人申请再审制度中的适格案外人

诉讼法学、司法制度

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诉讼法学、司法制度 2012年第6期 49-56页

作者：卢正敏

关于案外人申请再审制度中的适格案外人的范围，目前存在着理解上的分歧以及操作上的混乱。其实，只有判决效力扩张所及的第三人，才可能成为申请再审的适格案外人。因此，从判决的效力出发，可以找到问题的破解之道。由于不同判决效力... 详细信息

关于案外人申请再审制度中的适格案外人的范围，目前存在着理解上的分歧以及操作上的混乱。其实，只有判决效力扩张所及的第三人，才可能成为申请再审的适格案外人。因此，从判决的效力出发，可以找到问题的破解之道。由于不同判决效力扩张的情形有异，申请再审的适格案外人的范围也应有不同的界定：既判力所及的第三人原则上无案外人适格，仅特定情形下的第三人除外；人事诉讼判决形成力所及的部分第三人具有案外人适格，而公司诉讼判决形成力所及的第三人则完全不可能成为适格案外人；反射效力所及的第三人通常也无案外人适格，但当事人诈害诉讼的情形除外。

关键词：案外人申请再审制度适格判决效力　　the system regarding persons un-involved in the case applying for retrial eligibility judicial effect

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AI Inventions: The Best Mode Requirement, Is It up for Redefinition, Minimizing Potential Innovation Bias and Optimizing Visual Aids?

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Intelligent Information Management 2022年第6期14卷 202-219页

作者： Serge Rebouillat STEPI’nd (Science Technology Ethic Intellectual Property & Related) Arc Lémanique Echenevex France

From the author, there are not less than a dozen of rather significant recent publications in scientific editions anticipating some aspects of importance to innovation such as “bigger data”, AI, IP, and frontier technology with a central massive contribution in 2020 on AI, IP, and EI. Nonetheless, the IP associated with AI remains still barely covered in scientific publications. Especially patent discussion tends to be rather a legal matter. Another trilogy, 2013, “Business Strategy-IP Strategy-R&D Strategy: An All-in-One Business Model” proposed by the author, marked the advent, and customized implementation of a new strategy level. After the two trilogies’ volumes, the AI-IP “accessibility” chapter was a logical step brought to the attention of a larger public by the author. The time now to bring to light another chapter, namely the IP eligibility of AI innovation steps in ad hoc inventions. The main objectives of this short, principally illustrated communication, are to: 1) Revise the best mode requirement status, i.e. the best way to enable the reproducibility of claimed matter, reviewing its need for improvement when AI is involved. And proposing a unique sequence of evolution inspired by IP’s current and evolving practices. 2) Give a new dimension to visual aids to help the Best Mode description, demystify AI complexity, and underline frontier traits that may hinder a confident adoption or well-argued rejection. 3) Further illustrations take into account the fact that IoT, AI, and 3D can be simpler than perceived. 4) Finally ATA©, Adjacent Technology Analysis, is timely refreshed in a unique challenging, indeed tumultuous, environment. 5) Bias, such as semantic ones is consistently monitored. 6) Overall leaving space for innovative pleasurable interpretation. The emphasis is on educational, illustrative and demonstrative value.

关键词： AT Frontier Technologies AI Intellectual Property IP Emotional Intelligence EI Ethics Open Innovation Frugal Reverse Bias Innovation Collaborative Participative Adjacent Technology Analysis ATA© Biotechnology Advanced Materials IoT FRAND Best Mode Requirements eligibility Sui Generis

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Enhancing Public Welfare Administration Practical Approach to Resolution of Existing Priorities in China

Enhancing Public Welfare Administration Practical Approach t...

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2008年公共管理国际会议

作者： COLLAUTT Allan LI Li-jie ZHAO Xi Allan Collautt Associates Inc.BroomallPennsylvaniaUSA Initiatives for Community Integration Inc.

Despite continued and committed attention by the Chinese government to actively promote the development of social welfare and to raise funds through various channels to provide social welfare benefits for the elderly,orphans and the disabled,much remains to be done before the public welfare system in China attains a status where the programs are stable,sustainable and the benefits are predictable and reasonably uniform.This paper discusses many priority issues for China.These include the formalization and standardization of responsibilities for the provision of public welfare assistance by different levels of government authorities;the establishment of effective governance models toward public welfare programs administration;and the definition and enforcement of the implementation and continued use of eligibility guidelines for public welfare assistance.It also discusses clarity and uniformity in the identification of entitlement and discretionary public welfare programs;the definition of responsibilities for funding of public welfare programs and the identification of special projects,programs and initiatives that qualify for priority funding and/or allocation of emergency resources.

关键词： Public welfare eligibility Public welfare benefits Central and local government Welfare program administration

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