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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2002年第4期10卷 464-468页

作者：林金清李浩然韩世钧 CollegeofChemicalEngineering HuaqiaoUniversityQuanzhou362011China

Based on the concept of “element” and the fundamental thermodynamic principle,the relationships of the residual properties,the property changes of mixing,excess properties,fugacity coefficients and activity coefficients between the hypothetical solution of elemental species and the equilibrated solution of actual species were *** hypothetical solution of elemental species provides a way of reducing the dimensionality of problem, simplifying the analysis and visualizing the phase behavior.

关键词： elemental composition dimension reduction multireaction phaseequilibrium

elemental composition Method in Thermodynamics of Mul- tireaction Systems (I) Molar Number, Thermodynamic Properties and Partial Properties Relations

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2001年第1期9卷 100-104页

作者：林金清李浩然韩世钧浙江大学浙江杭州

When species in the solution undergo multiple chemical reactions, the solution may be treated as a solution of all species actually present or as a hypothetical solution composed of elemental species. Based on the fundamental thermodynamic principle, the relationships of mole numbers, molar fractions, thermodynamic properties, partial molar properties, potential and fugacity between the hypothetical solution of elemental species and the equilibrated solution of actual species were derived. The hypothetical elemental solution provides a way of reducing the dimensionality of problem, simplifying the analysis and visualizing the phase behavior.

关键词： elemental composition dimension reduction multireaction phase equilibrium thermodynamics

elemental composition and Geochemical Characteristics of Iron-Manganese Nodules in Main Soils of China

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Pedosphere 2006年第1期16卷 72-81页

作者： TAN Wen-Feng LIU Fan LI Yong-Hua HU Hong-Qing HUANG Qiao-Yun College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 （China）. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101（China）

elemental composition and geochemical characteristics of iron-manganese nodules from nine main soils in China were studied by chemical and multivariate statistical analyses to better understand the reactions and functions of iron-manganese nodules in soils and sediment. Compared to the corresponding soils, Mn, Ba, Cd, Co and Pb had strong accumulation, Ni had moderate accumulation, while Ca, Cu, Fe, Na, P, Sr and Zn accumulated to a minor degree in the iron-manganese nodules. In contrast, Si, Al, K, Mg and Ti were reduced in the iron-manganese nodules. The contents of Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were positively and significantly correlated with that of MnO2 in the iron-manganese nodules, while the contents of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were positively and significantly correlated with that of Fe2O3 in soils. Based on a principle component analysis, the elements of iron-manganese nodules were divided into four groups: 1) Mn, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Li, Ni, Pb and Zn that were associated with Mn oxides, 2) Fe, Cr and P that were associated with Fe oxides, 3) Si, K, and Mg that were included in the elemental composition of phyllosilicate, and 4) Ca, Na, Al and Ti that existed in todorokite, birnessite, lithiophorite and phyllosilicate. It was suggested that accumulation, mineralization and specific adsorption were involved in the formation processes of soil iron-manganese nodules.

关键词： elemental composition geochemical characteristics iron-manganese nodule soil

elemental composition of the Shell of the Testate Amoeba Difflugia tuberspinifera (Sarcodina:Rhizopoda)

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Zoological Research 2004年第5期25卷 452-455页

作者：杨军 Louis BEYENS 沈韫芬冯伟松中国科学院东湖湖泊生态系统实验站国科学院水生生物研究所原生动物分类与生态组 Department of Biology Research Unit Polar Ecology&PaleobiologyUniversity of AntwerpenAntwerpenBelgium 中国科学院研究生院北京100039

X-ray microanalysis was used to study the elemental composition of the shell of the freshwater testate amoeba Difflugia tuberspinifera Hu et al.,1997 collected from Mulan Lake,Hubei province,China in July *** results show that the shell is composed of ten elements:Si in greater quantity;then Ca and Al;and traces of K,Na,Cl,Fe,Mg,S and *** analysis of results suggests that *** in elemental composition appears to occupy a middle position between marine and soil testate amoebae.

关键词： Testate amoebae Difflugia tuberspinifera X-ray microanalysis elemental composition

Comparative Studies on the Fine Structure and elemental composition of Envelopes of Trachelomonas and Strombomonas (Euglenophyta)

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Acta Botanica Sinica 2003年第5期45卷 601-607页

作者：王全喜刘洪家于晶孙世琴张大维包文美上海师范大学生物系上海200234 浙江大学生命科学学院杭州310029 哈尔滨师范大学生物系哈尔滨150080

Fine structure and elemental composition of envelopes of 10 taxa of Trachelomonas and Strombomonas from natural freshwater bodies in China were studied and phylogeny of both genera were discussed. The results indicate that iron (Fe) and silicon (Si) are the primary mineral elements of the envelopes. composition of mineral elements was uncorrelated with envelope color, however, it was highly correlated with the microarchitecture of the envelopes. Content of Si was higher than that of Fe in all species of Strombomonas and some species of Trachelomonas with rough surface. In most species of Trachelomonas, especially those with dense and smoothy surface, content of Fe was higher than that of Si. Based on the above results, we propose to assign those species of Strombomonas into Trachelomonas and consider them as a group of the latter. These species were the most primitive among the group with envelopes in Euglenaceae.

关键词： Trachelomonas Strombomonas envelope elemental composition fine structure

Predictions of elemental composition of coal and biomass from their proximate analyses using ANFIS, ANN and MLR

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2021年第1期8卷 124-140页

作者： Abiodun Ismail Lawal Adeyemi Emman Aladejare Moshood Onifade Samson Bada Musa Adebayo Idris Department of Mining Engineering Federal University of TechnologyAkureNigeria Oulu Mining School University of OuluOuluFinland Informetrics Research Group Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam Faculty of Applied Sciences Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam Clean Coal and Sustainable Energy Research Group Faculty of Engineering and the Built EnvironmentUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Division of Mining and Geotechnical Engineering Department of CivilEnvironmental and Natural Resources EngineeringLuleåUniversity of TechnologyLuleåSweden

The elemental composition of coal and biomass provides significant parameters used in the design of almost all energy conversion systems and *** laboratory tests to determine the elemental composition of coal and biomass is time-consuming and ***,limited research has suggested that there is a correlation between parameters obtained from elemental and proximate analyses of these *** this study,some predictive models of the elemental composition of coal and biomass using soft computing and regression analyses have been ***-one samples including parameters of elemental and proximate analyses were used during the analyses to develop multiple prediction *** variables for multiple prediction models were selected as carbon,hydrogen,and *** volatile matter,fixed carbon,moisture and ash contents as independent variables,three different prediction models were developed for each dependent parameter using ANFIS,ANN,and *** addition,a routine for selecting the best predictive model was suggested in the *** reliability of the established models was tested by using various prediction performance indices and the models were found to be ***,the developed models can be used to determine the elemental composition of coal and biomass for practical purposes.

关键词： Biomass Coal elemental composition Proximate analysis Soft computing Regression analysis

Characteristics of elemental composition of PM_(2.5) in the Spring Period at Tongyu in the Semi-arid Region of Northeast China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2008年第6期25卷 922-931页

作者：张仁健符淙斌韩志伟朱崇抒 Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences START Regional Center for Temperate East Asia SKLLQG Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences

Continuous observations of mass concentration and elemental composition of aerosol particles （PM2.5） were conducted at Tongyu, a semi-arid site in Northeast China in the spring of 2006. The average mass concentration of PM2.5 at Tongyu station was 260.9±274.4 μg m^-3 during the observation period. Nine dust events were monitored with a mean concentration of 528.0±302.7 μgm^-3. The PM2.5 level during non- dust storm （NDS） period was 111.65±63.37 μg m^-3. High mass concentration shows that fine-size particles pollution was very serious in the semi-arid area in Northeast China. The enrichment factor values for crust elements during the dust storm （DS） period are close to those in the NDS period, while the enrichment factor values for pollution elements during the NDS period are much higher than those in the DS period, showing these elements were from anthropogenic sources. The ratios of dust elements to Fe were relative constant during the DS period. The Ca/Fe ratio in dust aerosols at Tongyu is remarkably different from that observed in other source regions and downwind regions. Meteorological analysis shows that dust events at Tongyu are usually associated with dry, low pressure and high wind speed weather conditions. Air mass back-trajectory analysis identified three kinds of general pathways were associated with the aerosol particle transport to Tongyu, and the northwest direction pathway was the main transport route.

关键词： dust aerosol mass concentration elemental composition transport pathway

Ultrastructure and elemental composition of the eggshell of Reeve’s Pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii)

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Frontiers in Biology 2007年第3期2卷 340-344页

作者： CHANG Chongyan ZHANG Zhengwang CHEN Xiaoduan LIU Jinying SUN Quanhui Analytical and Testing Center Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China

The eggshell of Reeve’s pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii)collected from the Dongzhai National Nature Reserve in Henan Province,China was *** using scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma(ICP)spectrometry,the ultrastructure and elemental composition of the eggshell was *** study showed that the average thickness of the surface layer of crys-tals,the palisade and cone layer,and the eggshell membrane were 20.8,220.8 and 62.5μm,respectively,accounting for 6.8%,72.6%and 20.6%of the total thickness of the *** were many vesicular holes in the palisade layer with an average diameter of 0.32±0.08μm(n=30).The function of these holes might be significant to air *** shape of the eggshell pore on the surface layer of crystals is round or *** fracture surface of the pore is *** granules filled the upper part of the eggshell *** content of 21 elements in the eggshell of wild and captive Reeve’s pheasants was compared and *** indicated that among the elements that made up the eggshell of the wild pheasant,the content of Ca,Mg,P and S was much higher,ω>1 mg/g,withω(Ca)being higher than 40%of the *** contents of Na,Si,Sr,K and Al wereω=0.1-1 mg/g,while Fe,Zn,Pb,Mn,Cu,V and Ti had lower concentrations(ω=1-100μg/g).Theωof Ni,Cr,Co,Se,Cd were lower than 1μg/*** elemental composition in the eggshell of the captive Reeve’s pheasant kept in the Dongzhai National Natural Reserve was significantly differ-ent from that of the wild species,with a difference of over 20%on S,Cu,Fe,Al,Mn,Si,Sr,Se and *** lower intake of Fe,Mn,Si and Sr on the one hand and the higher intake of S,Cu,Al and Cr on the other hand might be responsible for the low fertility of captive Reeve’s pheasants in the Dongzhai National Nature *** order to ensure that the pheasants are receiving the proper amount of nutrition and to improve their breeding success,the amount of certain elements in the food should be

关键词： threatened species Reeve’s pheasant(syrmaticus reevesii) eggshell ultrastructure elemental composition

elemental composition in the sediments of the Yangtze and the Yellow Rivers and their tracing implication

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2000年第8期 54-60页

作者：杨守业李从先 China Laboratory of Marine Geology Shanghai 200092 Tongji University

elemental compositions in the surface sediments of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River are quite different. The Yangtze River’ s sediment is rich in K, Fe, Mg, Al and most of trace elements, and its elemental composition show remarkable spatial variations, whereas the Yellow River’s sediment has higher contents of Ca, Na, Sr, Ba, Zr and Hf, and the elemental composition remains relatively stable. The ratios of some elements are also different in the sediments of the two rivers. The elemental composition of the Yangtze River sediment results from widely distributed igneous rocks and complicated source rocks and strong chemical weathering in the Yangtze River catchment basin, while the main provenance of the Yellow River sediment is the Loess Plateau which has dominant influence on the elemental composition, and the intense physical weathering is another controlling factor. The elements such as Cu, Zn, Sc, Ti, Fe, V, Ni, Cr, Co, Li and element ratios such as La/Sc, La/Co, Th/Co, Ti/Zr and Zr/Y can be u

关键词： the Yangtze River the Yellow River surface sediment elemental composition tracing element.

MORPHOLOGY AND elemental composition OF DUSTFALL PARTICLES INSIDE EMPEROR QIN'S TERRA-COTTA WARRIORS AND HORSES MUSEUM

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China Particuology 2006年第6期4卷 346-351页

作者： Tafeng Hu Xuxiang Li Jungang Dong Bo Rong Zhenxing Shen Junji Cao Shun-Cheng Lee Judith C. Chow John G. Watson Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China SKLLQG Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710075 China Emperor Qin's Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses Museum Xi'an 710054 China Research Center of Urban Environmental Technology and Management Department of Civil and Structural Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong China Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research Institute Nevada System of Higher Education Reno NV USA

Indoor dusffall samples were collected in Pit 1 and Pit 2 of Emperor Qin＇s Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses Museum in Xi＇an, Shaanxi Province, China. The morphological and elemental analysis for long-term （〉10 years） and short-term （～0.5 year） dusffall particles and lacquer pieces on the faces of partly assembled warriors were performed with scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer （SEM/EDX）. The results showed that the majority of dusffall samples appeared to be composed of mineral dust particles, fly ash, and biological particles with different elemental compositions. Most of the mineral particles had irregular shapes with smooth edges. Small floccules of calcium sulfate were more frequently observed in long-term dusffall samples than in short-term samples, implying a progressive chemical reaction between continuous dusffall particles and atmospheric sulfur dioxide. Crystals of calcium sulfate were also found near pits on both inner and outer surfaces of lacquer pieces, revealing an acid chemical reaction between sulfur dioxide and lacquer material as the cause of the formation of erosion pits and cracks on surface of lacquer pieces.

关键词： indoor dusffall morphology elemental composition SEM/EDX