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Resource requirements of an edge-based digital twin service:an experimental study

Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware 2022年第6期4卷 506-520页

作者： Federico MUNGARI Milan GROSHEV Carla Fabiana CHIASSERINI Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Politecnico di TorinoTurin 10129Italy Departamento de Ingenieria Telematica Universidad Carlos III de MadridMadrid 28911Spain

Digital Twin(DT)is a pivotal application under the industrial digital transformation envisaged by the fourth industrial revolution(Industry 4.0).DT defines intelligent and real-time faithful reflections of physical entities such as industrial robots,thus allowing their remote control.Relying on the latest advances in Information and Communication Technologies(ICT),namely Network Function Virtualization(NFV)and edge-computing,DT can be deployed as an on-demand service in the factories close proximity and offered leveraging radio access technologies.However,with the purpose of achieving the well-known scalability,flexibility,availability and performance guarantees benefits foreseen by the latest ICT,it is steadily required to experimentally profile and assess DT as a Service(DTaaS)solutions.Moreover,the dependencies between the resources claimed by the service and the relative demand and work loads require to be investigated.In this work,an edge-based Digital Twin solution for remote control of robotic arms is deployed in an experimental testbed where,in compliance with the NFV paradigm,the service has been segmented in virtual network functions.Our research has primarily the objective to evaluate the entanglement among overall service performance and VNFs resource requirements,and the number of robots consuming the service varies.Experimental profiles show the most critical DT features to be the inverse kinematics and trajectory computations.Moreover,the same analysis has been carried out as a function of the industrial processes,namely based on the commands imposed on the robots,and particularly of their ion-level,resulting in a novel trade-off between computing and time resources requirements and trajectory guarantees.The derived results provide crucial insights for the design of network service scaling and resource orchestration fra-meworks dealing with DTaaS applications.Finally,we empirically prove LTE shortage to accommodate the minimum DT latency requirements.

关键词： Digital twin edge NFV Testbed Performance evaluation

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Guest editorial: AI and edge computing driven technologies and applications

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Digital Communications and Networks 2023年第2期9卷 448-449页

作者： Jianhui Lv Yuhui Shi Hui Cheng Zhiwei Lin Lianbo Ma Peng Cheng Laboratory China Southern University of Science and Technology China University of Hertfordshire UK Queen's University Belfast UK Northeastern University China

1.Introduction Emerging networking paradigms,including Information-Centric Networking(ICN)[1],Software-Defined Networking(SDN)[2],Mobile Satellite Communication Networks(MSCN)[3],and Internet of Vehicles(IoV)[4],have faced some severe challenges.For example,the dynamic network environment makes it very hard to optimize resource allocation.In addition,these networking paradigms usually have heterogeneous features,making it difficult to schedule traffic among different kinds of networks.These challenges can be addressed by the adaptive learning of Artificial Intelligence(AI)[5,6]and the edge caching of edge computing.AI can also help establish a relatively optimal routing strategy and perform congestion control by learning the dynamic network state.Just like AI,edge computing[7–10]can help provide fast response to users,and deploy edge servers with strong computing and storage capabilities can greatly improve the performance of 4K/8K and VR/AR.However,despite their ability to improve network performance,there are still many challenges.For example,the integrated architectures and frameworks need to be clearly identified,and the related protocols need to be better defined.

关键词： network computing edge

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Dynamically reconfigurable topological edge state in phase change photonic crystals

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Science Bulletin 2019年第12期64卷 814-822页

作者： Tun Cao Linhan Fang Ying Cao Nan Li Zhiyou Fan Zhiguo Tao School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China China North Vehicle Research Institute Beijing 100072China

The observation of topological edge states(TESs) revolutionized our understanding of scattering and propagation of electromagnetic(EM) waves. Supported by topological robustness, the TES at the interface between trivial and non-trivial insulators was not reflected from the structural disorders and imperfections. Recently topological photonic crystals(PhCs) were demonstrated to obtain remarkable one-way propagation of the TES, having the advantages of lossless propagation, dense integration, and high fabrication tolerance over conventional PhCs. Nevertheless, the lack of reversible switching of TES possesses significant limitations in helicity/spin filtering and tunable photonic devices. We proposed a topological PhC based on a prototypical phase-change material, Ge2 Sb2 Te5(GST225) to solve the problem. We find that at a particular frequency, the TES within the structure can be reversibly switched between "on"and "off" by transiting the GST225 structural state between amorphous and crystalline. Moreover, the topology of the PhC was maintained since the tuning of TES was achieved by varying the refractive index of GST225 instead of the structural geometry. This provides a continuous change of the spectral position of the photonic bandgap and TES by gradually crystallising the GST225. We show that the phase change of GST225 from amorphous to crystalline and vice versa can be engineered in nanoseconds. Our proof of concept may offer a platform for dynamically tuning the TESs that might otherwise be challenging to attain in photonic systems. We expect it to have potential applications for photonic devices in topological optical circuits and scatter-free one-way light propagation.

关键词： Phase change materials Photonic crystals Topological edge states Tunability Reconfigurability

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edgence: A Blockchain-Enabled edge-Computing Platform for Intelligent IoT-Based dApps

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China Communications 2020年第4期17卷 78-87页

作者： Jinliang Xu Shangguang Wang Ao Zhou Fangchun Yang State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China

Nowadays scalable Io T management is a bottleneck of Io T development due to the geographically dispersed distribution, fragmented ownerships, and ever-growing population of Io T devices. To intelligently manage massive decentralized applications(d Apps) in Io T usecases, edgence(edge + intellig ENCE) is proposed to use edge clouds to access Io T devices and users, and then use its in-built blockchain to realize self-governing and self-supervision of the edge clouds. edgence proposes to use masternode technology to introduce Io T devices and users into a closed blockchain system, which can extend the range of blockchain to Io T-based d Apps. Further, masternodes do good to scalability by raising the TPS(transactions per second) of the blockchain network. To support various d Apps, a three-tier validation is proposed, namely script validation, smartcontract validation, and masternode validation. To avoid energy consumption resulted by blockchain consensus, edgence proposes a random but verifiable way to elect a masternode to generate each new block. The potential of the tailored edgence is shown by examples of decentralized crowdsourcing and AI training.

关键词： mobile edge computing IoT crowd-intelligence blockchain dApp

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Joint partial computation offloading and resource allocation in MEC-enable networks

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2023年第1期30卷 80-86页

作者： Wu Hongxin Lin Zhijian Chen Pingping Chen Feng College of Physics and Information Engineering Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China

The sudden surge of various applications poses great challenges to the computation capability of mobile devices.To address this issue,computation offloading to multi-access edge computing(MEC)was proposed as a promising paradigm.This paper studies partial computation offloading scenario by considering time delay and energy consumption,where the task can be splitted into several blocks and computed both in local devices and MEC,respectively.Since the formulated problem is a nonconvex problem,this paper proposes an ant colony-based algorithm to achieve the suboptimal solution.Specifically,the proposed method first establish a multi-user one-MEC scenario,in which user devices are able to offload some part of the task to MEC server.Then,it develops an ant colony-based algorithm to decide the offloading parts and allocation strategy of MEC resources to minimize system cost.Finally,simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of system cost and demonstrate that it outperforms other existing methods.

关键词： mobile edge computing resource allocation partial computation offloading ant colony-based algorithm

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Wireless Acoustic Sensor Networks and edge Computing for Rapid Acoustic Monitoring

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2019年第1期6卷 64-74页

作者： Zhengguo Sheng Saskia Pfersich Alice Eldridge Jianshan Zhou Daxin Tian Victor C.M.Leung the Department of Engineering and Design University of Sussex Infineon Technologies AG the Department of Music University of Sussex Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing (BDBC) Beijing Key Laboratory for Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure Systems & Safety ControlSchool of Transportation Science and EngineeringBeihang University the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of British Columbia

Passive acoustic monitoring is emerging as a promising solution to the urgent, global need for new biodiversity assessment methods. The ecological relevance of the soundscape is increasingly recognised, and the affordability of robust hardware for remote audio recording is stimulating international interest in the potential for acoustic methods for biodiversity monitoring.The scale of the data involved requires automated methods,however, the development of acoustic sensor networks capable of sampling the soundscape across time and space and relaying the data to an accessible storage location remains a significant technical challenge, with power management at its core. Recording and transmitting large quantities of audio data is power intensive,hampering long-term deployment in remote, off-grid locations of key ecological interest. Rather than transmitting heavy audio data, in this paper, we propose a low-cost and energy efficient wireless acoustic sensor network integrated with edge computing structure for remote acoustic monitoring and in situ analysis.Recording and computation of acoustic indices are carried out directly on edge devices built from low noise primo condenser microphones and Teensy microcontrollers, using internal FFT hardware support. Resultant indices are transmitted over a ZigBee-based wireless mesh network to a destination server.Benchmark tests of audio quality, indices computation and power consumption demonstrate acoustic equivalence and significant power savings over current solutions.

关键词： Acoustic sensor networks edge computing energy efficiency

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On Cost Aware Cloudlet Placement for Mobile edge Computing

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2019年第4期6卷 926-937页

作者： Qiang Fan Nirwan Ansari IEEE Advanced Networking Lab Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkUSA

As accessing computing resources from the remote cloud inherently incurs high end-to-end(E2E)delay for mobile users,cloudlets,which are deployed at the edge of a network,can potentially mitigate this problem.Although some research works focus on allocating workloads among cloudlets,the cloudlet placement aiming to minimize the deployment cost(i.e.,consisting of both the cloudlet cost and average E2E delay cost)has not been addressed effectively so far.The locations and number of cloudlets have a crucial impact on both the cloudlet cost in the network and average E2E delay of users.Therefore,in this paper,we propose the Cost Aware cloudlet PlAcement in moBiLe edge computing(CAPABLE)strategy,where both the cloudlet cost and average E2E delay are considered in the cloudlet placement.To solve this problem,a Lagrangian heuristic algorithm is developed to achieve the suboptimal solution.After cloudlets are placed in the network,we also design a workload allocation scheme to minimize the E2E delay between users and their cloudlets by considering the user mobility.The performance of CAPABLE has been validated by extensive simulations.

关键词： Cloudlet placement mobile cloud computing mobile edge computing

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Development of a new algorithm for implementing the edge effect offset for subsidence calculations

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第1期28卷 61-66页

作者： Joshua Hescock Christopher Newman Zach Agioutantis Department of Mining Engineering University of Kentucky

The surface deformation prediction system(SDPS) program has been developed as an engineering tool for the calculation of subsidence deformation indices through the implementation of various prediction methods.From basic user-defined input parameters, SDPS can determine subsidence indices, such as mining induced displacements, strains, tilt, etc., at any elevation between the seam and the horizontal or varying surface topography.A fundamental parameter in obtaining reliable ground deformation results is the determination of the edge effect offset.The value assigned to the edge effect offset corresponds to a virtual offsetting of boundary lines delineating the extracted panel to allow for roof cantilevering over the mined-out area.The objective of this paper is to describe the methods implemented in updating the edge effect offset algorithm within SDPS.Using proven geometric equations, the newly developed algorithm provides a more robust calculation of the offset boundary of the extracted panel for simplistic as well as more complex mining geometries.Given that an extracted panel is represented by a closed polyline, the new edge offset algorithm calculates a polyline offset into the extracted panel with respect to the user defined edge effect offset distance.Surface deformations are then calculated using this adjusted panel geometry.The Matlab program was utilized for development and testing of the new edge effect offset algorithm.After completing rigorous testing regimes, the new offset algorithm will be integrated into SDPS further increasing the speed and reliability of the program resulting in a retrospective increase in capability and flexibility.

关键词： Subsidence Coal mining Influence function edge effect

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edge and lithium concentration effects on intercalation kinetics for graphite anodes

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第3期90卷 337-347,I0009页

作者： Keming Zhu Denis Kramer Chao Peng School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering Xi'an University of TechnologyXi'an 710048ShanxiChina Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Helmut-Schmidt UniversityHamburg 22043Germany School of Engineering University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK Multiscale Crystal Materials Research Center Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055GuangdongChina

Graphite interfaces are an important part of the anode in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),significantly influencing Li intercalation kinetics.Graphite anodes adopt different stacking sequences depending on the concentration of the intercalated Li ions.In this work,we performed first-principles calculations to comprehensively address the energetics and dynamics of Li intercalation and Li vacancy diffusion near the no n-basal edges of graphite,namely the armchair and zigzag-edges,at high Li concentration.We find that surface effects persist in stage-Ⅱ that bind Li strongly at the edge sites.However,the pronounced effect previously identified at the zigzag edge of pristine graphite is reduced in LiC_(12),penetrating only to the subsurface site,and eventually disappearing in LiC_(6).Consequently,the distinctive surface state at the zigzag edge significantly impacts and restrains the charging rate at the initial lithiation of graphite anodes,whilst diminishes with an increasing degree of lithiation.Longer diffusion time for Li hopping to the bulk site from either the zigzag edge or the armchair edge in LiC_(6) was observed during high state of charge due to charge repulsion.Effectively controlling Li occupation and diffusion kinetics at this stage is also crucial for enhancing the charge rate.

关键词： Graphite anode edge Interface Lithium-ion batteries Density functional theory

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Experimental validation of a new morphing trailing edge system using Price-Pa?doussis wind tunnel tests

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2019年第6期32卷 1353-1366页

作者： D.COMMUNIER R.M.BOTEZ T.WONG Laboratory of Applied Research in Active Controls Avionics and AeroServoElasticity (LARCASE)ETS

This paper presents the design and manufacturing of a new morphing wing system carried out at the Laboratory of Applied Research in Active Controls, Avionics and AeroServoElasticity(LARCASE) at the ETS in Montréal. This first version of a morphing wing allows the deformation of its trailing edge, denote by Morphing Trailing edge(MTE). In order to characterize the technical impact of this deformation, we compare its performance with that of a rigid aileron by testing in the LARCASE’s price-Pa?doussis subsonic wind tunnel. The first set of results shows that it is possible to replace an aileron by a MTE on a wing, as an improvement was observed for the MTE aerodynamic performances with respect to the aileron aerodynamic performances.The improvement consisted in the fact that the drag coefficient was smaller, and the lift-to-drag ratio was higher for the same lift coefficient.

关键词： Aerodynamic performances Aileron Morphing wing Trailing edge Wing tunnel tests

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