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Functional group richness increases multifunctionality in intensively managed grasslands

Grassland Research 2023年第3期2卷 225-240页

作者： Laura Argens Caroline Brophy Wolfgang W.Weisser Sebastian Meyer Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Department for Life Science SystemsSchool of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany School of Computer Science and Statistics Trinity College DublinDublinIreland

Background:Agricultural yields have increased continuously over the last few decades.However,a focus solely on production can harm the environment.Diversification of agriculture has been suggested to increase production and sustainability.Biodiversity experiments showed positive effects on ecosystems and productivity.However,application of these results to intensively managed grasslands has been questioned due to differences in plant species and management regimes.Research on whether diversity can benefit multifunctionality,that is,an integrated index of multiple ecosystem functions,under intensive management,is still scarce.Methods:To address this,we manipulated plant species richness from one to six species spanning three functional groups(legumes,herbs,and grasses)in intensively managed multispecies grassland leys and examined seven ecosystem functions.Results:We found that multifunctionality increased with functional group and species richness.Legume+herb mixtures showed high multifunctionality,while grass monocultures and mixtures with high proportions of grasses had low multifunctionality.Different plant species and plant communities drove different ecosystem functions.Legumes and herbs improved productivity and water availability,while grasses enhanced invasion resistance.These results indicate that multifunctionality and individual ecosystem functions can be promoted through targeted combinations of plants with complementary ecological traits.Conclusions:Plant diversity can improve multifunctionality also under intensive management,potentially benefitting agroeconomics and sustainability.

关键词： biodiversity ecosystem functions intensively managed grassland Legacy Network(LegacyNet) multifunctionality

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以色列严重退化旱地长期恢复对土壤和植被的影响

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2023年第3期33卷 529-546页

作者： Ilan STAVI Manuel PULIDO FERNáNDEZ Eli ARGAMAN Dead Sea and Arava Science Center Yotvata 88820Israel Eilat Campus Ben-Gurion University of the NegevEilat 88100Israel Geo-Environmental Research Group University of ExtremaduraCáceres 10071Spain Soil Erosion Research Station Ministry of Agriculture&Rural DevelopmentPOB 30Bet Dagan 50250Israel

Land degradation affects extensive drylands around the world.Due to long-term misuse,the Israeli Sde Zin dryland site has faced severe degradation.The study objective was to assess the feasibility of passive restoration in recovering the site.The study was conducted in four land-units along a preservation-degradation continuum:(1)an area that has not faced anthropogenic disturbances(Ecological land);(2)an area that was proclaimed as a national park in the 1970s(Rehabilitation);(3)an area that was prone,until recently,to moderate anthropogenic pressures(Triangle);and(4)a dirt road that was subjected to long-term off-road traffic(Dirtroad).Soil was sampled and analyzed for its properties.The soil physical quality followed the trend of Ecological land>Rehabilitation>Triangle>Dirtroad.Specifically,high soil salinity in the latter three land-units is attributed to long-term erosional processes that exposed the underlying salic horizons.Herbaceous and shrubby vegetation cover was also monitored.The herbaceous vegetation cover followed the trend of Ecological land(86.4%)>Rehabilitation(40.3%)>Triangle(26.2%)>Dirtroad(2.1%),while the shrubby cover was 2.8%in the Ecological land-unit,and practically zero in the other land-units.It seems that despite the effectiveness of passive restoration in recovering the soil’s physical properties,the recovery of vegetation is limited by the severe soil salinity.

关键词： active rehabilitation ecosystem functions land-use change land degradation and desertification annual vs.perennial plants self-restoration

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Post-dispersal seed predation of three grassland species in a plant diversity experiment

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第6期6卷 468-479页

作者： Gesine Pufal Alexandra-Maria Klein Institute of Ecology Leuphana UniversityScharnhorststr.121335 LüneburgGermany

Aims Post-dispersal seed predation is an important ecosystem process because it can influence the seed’s fate after the initial dispersal from the mother plant and subsequently transform communities.Even at small scales,post-dispersal seed predation can vary greatly depending on seed identity,granivorous taxa or microhabitat structure.However,little is known about the role of plant species richness and functional group richness in post-dispersal seed predation.The overall aim of this study was to test whether increasing plant species richness or plant functional group richness affects the rate and variability of post-dispersal seed predation.We additionally investigated the influence of vegetation structure and seed species identity on the rate and variability of post-dispersal seed predation and whether the influence of different granivorous taxa changed with increasing plant species richness.Methods We conducted seed removal experiments along a long-term experimental plant diversity gradient,comprising plots with monocultures to 60 species mixtures of common grassland species in Jena,Germany,in August 2011.We studied seeds of Onobrychis viciifolia,Pastinaca sativa and Trifolium pratense in exclusion experiments(seed cafeterias),an experimental setup that allowed access either for arthropods or slugs or for all granivorous taxa.Traditionally,seeds removed from seed cafeterias were classified as consumed but we used traceable fluorescent-coloured seeds to obtain more accurate predation rates by subtracting recovered seeds from overall removed seeds.The effect of multiple vegetation variables on mean and variability of seed predation rates was analysed using generalized mixed-effect models and linear regressions,respectively.Important Findings Rates of recovered seeds were low but contributed to significant differences between seed predation rates and removal rates of seeds in some treatments.Seed predation rates were not directly correlated with increasing plant species richness or plant functional group richness

关键词： arthropods cafeteria-style experiments ecosystem functions granivorous taxa slugs

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Improving the knowledge of plant potential biodiversity-ecosystem services links using maps at the regional level in Southern Patagonia

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 709-734页

作者： Yamina Micaela Rosas Pablo L.Peri María Vanessa Lencinas Romina Lasagno Guillermo J.Martínez Pastur Laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas(CADIC)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)Houssay 2009410 UshuaiaTierra del FuegoArgentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria(INTA) Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral(UNPA)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)CC 3329400 Río GallegosSanta CruzArgentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria(INTA) CC 3329400 Río GallegosSanta CruzArgentina.

Background:Biodiversity supports multiple ecosystem services,whereas species loss endangers the provision of many services and affects ecosystem resilience and resistance capacity.The increase of remote sensing techniques allows to estimate biodiversity and ecosystem services supply at the landscape level in areas with low available data(e.g.Southern Patagonia).This paper evaluates the potential biodiversity and how it links with ecosystem services,based on vascular plant species across eight ecological areas.We also evaluated the habitat plant requirements and their relation with natural gradients.A total of 977 plots were used to develop habitat suitability maps based on an environmental niche factor analysis of 15 more important indicator species for each ecological area(n=53 species)using 40 explanatory variables.Finally,these maps were combined into a single potential biodiversity map,which was linked with environmental variables and ecosystem services supply.For comparisons,data were extracted and compared through analyses of variance.Results:The plant habitat requirements varied greatly among the different ecological areas,and it was possible to define groups according to its specialization and marginality indexes.The potential biodiversity map allowed us to detect coldspots in the western mountains and hotspots in southern and eastern areas.Higher biodiversity was associated to higher temperatures and normalized difference vegetation index,while lower biodiversity was related to elevation and rainfall.Potential biodiversity was closely associated with supporting and provisioning ecosystem services in shrublands and grasslands in the humid steppe,while the lowest values were related to cultural ecosystem services in Nothofagus forests.Conclusions:The present study showed that plant species present remarkable differences in spatial distributions and ecological requirements,being a useful proxy for potential biodiversity modelling.Potential biodiversity values change across ecological areas allowing to ident

关键词： Habitat suitability Environmental variables ecosystem functions Conservation management ecosystem services Landscape modelling

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Changes in ecosystem Service Values on the Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi Province,China

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2008年第5期7卷 606-614页

作者： LI Jing REN Zhi-yuan College of Tourism and Environment Shaanxi Normal University Xi＇an 710062 P.R.China

The Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi Province of China covers Yulin, Yan＇an, and Tongchuan cities mainly. The kind of physiognomy is complicated and various, including the transitional region of the sand and wind, the hilly-gully fragile region, the pimple mound region from North to South. Large-scale land reclamation projects that are severely affecting these ecosystems have been implemented. In this paper, we reported an investigation to the changes in land use and ecosystem services on the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi Province from 1978 to 2000. We used three LANDSAT TM and/or ETM data sets to estimate the changes in the size of five land-cover/land-use categories, and we also used previously published value coefficients to estimate the changes in the value of ecosystem services delivered by each land category. Finally, we ranked the contribution of various ecosystem functions to the overall value of the ecosystem services, we have estimated that the annual value of the ecosystem services is 56.95 billon RMB yuan in the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi Province in 2000. In the region, from 1978 to 2000, the economic value of the fixing carbon was higher, the economic value of water conservation was the lowest, but the economic value of the NPP, fixing carbon, and supplying oxygen accounted for above ninety percent of the total value, obviously the vegetation created the biggest ecosystem service value. We can conclude that future land-use policy formulation should give precedence to the conservation of these ecosystems over uncontrolled reclamation, and that further land reclamation should be based on rigorous environmental impact analyses.

关键词： landuse ecosystem services the value ecosystem functions the Loess Plateau northern Shaanxi Province

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