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ecological behavior of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) in Soil-Plant Systems

Pedosphere 2005年第2期15卷 216-224页

作者： JIALiang-Qing OUZi-Qing OUYANGZhi-Yun ResearchCenterforEco-EnvironmentalSciences ChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100085（China）／／AnhuiAcademyofEnvironmentalSciencesHefei230061（China） InstituteofAppliedEcology ChineseAcademyofSciencesShenyang100016（China） ResearchCenterforEco-EnvironmentalSciences ChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100085（China）

More and more linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) has contaminated the water and soil ma pollution discharge, making it important to identify the ecological behavior and toxicity of LAS so as to carry out measures that will reduce its negative effects on the ecosystem. The ecological behavior of LAS. including degradation, migration, and plant uptake, in both soil-paddy rice and soil-soybean systems was studied. Reduction of LAS in pot and field plots followed the first order reaction kinetics with degradation half-lives of 35-50 days with LAS decreasing to very low concentrations after a season of crop growth. Strong migration ability for LAS was found and the breakthrough time in a 1.5 in soil monolith was significantly shortened to 23 days by preferential flow. Leachate volumes of soil-paddy and soil-soybean systems at preferential breakthrough were much different, while the leachate volumes at equilibrium governed by soil adsorption/desorption processes were very similar. Significant uptake of LAS in both paddy rice and sovbeans was observed in pot and field experiments (P < 0.05). In aquatic culture, 20 μg mL-1 and above of LAS significantly inhibited the growth of paddy seedlings (P < 0.05). The critical concentration for LAS in soil inhibiting the growth and yield of paddy was 160 μg g-1; when higher, there was a strong negative influence, with decreases in height, spike length, and production, when lower than 80 μg g-1, paddy growth was stimulated. There was little effect of LAS on soybeans.

关键词： degradation ecological behavior linear alkylbenzene sulfonate migration preferential flow

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behavioral Observations on Introduced Hu Sheep in Henan Province,China

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2017年第5期18卷 848-853,861页

作者： Yuqin WANG Zhilong TIAN Huibin SHI Qiujue WU Fang YANG Yuanxiao LI Xiaohui ZHANG Jianping WANG Mingxing CHU College of Animal Science and Technology Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471003 China Mutton Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province Luoyang 471003 China Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China

Hu Sheep is a local sheep breed in the plain of Taihu, China. Due to the natural conditions in Taihu and human domestication, Hu Sheep is gradually featured with high adaptability, fast growth rate, early maturity and high productivity, which make them to be a unique and rare breed of sheep. In the present study, an experiment was conducted by means of instantaneous scan sampling, focal animal sampling and all-occurrence sampling to learn about Hu Sheep's behavior and activity pattern under certain feeding management and ecological condition. The result showed that the activity time budgets for several behaviors were different between rams and ewes, with respect to feeding (rams 30.60% vs. ewes 33.23%), ruminating (33.43% vs.35.30%); sleeping (19.92% vs. 13.69%), standing (4.13% vs. 5.26%), moving (8.10% vs. 7.46%), and other behaviors (3.86% vs.5.06%). A circadian activity rhythm was shown in some behaviors; e.g., total feeding time was greater in the daytime than at night, whereas resting time showed the opposite tendency. Moving mostly occurred in the daytime, and ruminating mainly occurred at night. Additionally, feeding activity occurred 32.22 times per day in rams and 31.73 times per day in ewes, whereas ruminating activity after feeding occurred 19.83 times per day in rams and 24.34 times per day in ewes. For each food bolus,the average ruminating time was 51.22 s in rams and 49.52 s in ewes, with 68.22 bouts of rumination per day in rams and57.35 bouts of rumination in ewes. By conducting the experiment, we studied and grasped the local Hu Sheep's main behavior and regularity which are of great significance on improving the feeding management and reducing diseases.

关键词： Hu sheep ecological behavior Feeding management

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Study on Formation Mechanism of Farmer Production Consumption Ecologization——Empirical Analysis Based on TPB Model

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Asian Agricultural Research 2017年第3期9卷 4-9,13页

作者： Jian HU Zhenhong QI Weihong HUANG Lanya WU College of Economics and Management Huazhong Agricultural University Hubei Rural Development Research Center

ecological transformation of production consumption is an effective channel of establishing ecological agriculture mechanism. In this paper,based on TPB( Theory of Planed behavior),using factor analysis and regression analysis,empirical test on formation mechanism of farmer production consumption ecologization behavior transformation is conducted. Research results show that behavior attitude,subjective norm and control cognition of farmer production consumption ecologization have significantly positive influences on behavior response of farmer production consumption ecologization. Among them,power of behavior attitude is farmer's economic rationality and ecological rationality; power of subjective norm is system norm,government guidance and social pressure; power of control cognition is policy judgment and ability perception. Finally,for the analyzed conclusions,policy suggestions are proposed from many aspects,which could provide reference effect for guiding farmer production consumption ecologization and establishing rural eco-civilization.

关键词： Farmer Production consumption TPB model Action mechanism ecological behavior

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