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ecological networks and greenways in Europe: reasoning and concepts

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第2期15卷 173-181页

作者： Rob H.G. Jongman Wageningen UR Expertise Group on Environmental Sciences

The paper gives an overview of approaches towards ecological networks throughout Europe. It does not intend to present a complete picture, but to highlight common developments within countries and regions and show common principles and differences between countries and regions that have to be taken into account when developing a joint European initiative. Countries or regions that have not been included can be active in the same way, but information was not accessible to the authors for different reasons. This overview shows the comparable trends in decline of landscapes and the diversity in approaches to biodiversity conservation and nature conservation planning. Understanding the differences and common issues are of utmost importance to generalise common principles and to understand the way neighbours and other European partners approach problems.

关键词： ecological networks greenways biodiversity land use change homogenisation fragmentation

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Synchronization within synchronization: transients and intermittency in ecological networks

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National Science Review 2021年第10期8卷 23-32页

作者： Huawei Fan Ling-Wei Kong Xingang Wang Alan Hastings Ying-Cheng Lai School of Physics and Information Technology Shaanxi Normal University School of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Arizona State University Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California Santa Fe Institute Department of Physics Arizona State University

Transients are fundamental to ecological systems with significant implications to management,conservation and biological control. We uncover a type of transient synchronization behavior in spatial ecological networks whose local dynamics are of the chaotic, predator–prey type. In the parameter regime where there is phase synchronization among all the patches, complete synchronization(i.e. synchronization in both phase and amplitude) can arise in certain pairs of patches as determined by the network symmetry—henceforth the phenomenon of ‘synchronization within synchronization.’ Distinct patterns of complete synchronization coexist but, due to intrinsic instability or noise, each pattern is a transient and there is random, intermittent switching among the patterns in the course of time evolution. The probability distribution of the transient time is found to follow an algebraic scaling law with a divergent average transient lifetime. Based on symmetry considerations, we develop a stability analysis to understand these phenomena. The general principle of symmetry can also be exploited to explain previously discovered,counterintuitive synchronization behaviors in ecological networks.

关键词： ecological networks cluster synchronization phase synchronization transient chaos network symmetry

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Biogeographic distribution patterns of algal community in different urban lakes in China: Insights into the dynamics and co-existence

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第2期33卷 216-227页

作者： Haihan Zhang Rongrong Zong Huiyan He Kaiwen Liu Miaomiao Yan Yutian Miao Ben Ma Xin Huang Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource Enuironment and EcologyMOEXi'an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi'an 710055China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi'an 710055China

Urban lake ecosystems are significant for social development,but currently we know little about the geographical distribution of algal community in urban lakes at a *** this study,we investigated the algal community structure in different areas of urban lakes in China and evaluated the influence of water quality parameters and geographical location on the algal *** results showed that obvious differences in water quality and algal communities were observed among urban lakes in different geographical *** was the dominant phylum,followed by cyanobacteria in all *** network analysis indicated that algal community composition in urban lakes of the western and southern area showed more variations than the eastern and northern areas,*** analysis and structural equation model revealed that nutrients and p H were dominant environmental factors that affected the algal community,and they showed higher influence than that of iron,manganese and COD Mn ***,algal community and density exhibited longitude and latitude *** general,these results provided an ecological insight into large-scale geographical distributions of algal community in urban lakes,thereby having potential applications for management of the lakes.

关键词： Algal community structure Biogeographic pattern ecological networks Urban lakes Structural equation model

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The assembly of plant-patch networks in Mediterranean alpine grasslands

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第3期13卷 273-280页

作者： David S.Pescador José María Iriondo Gianalberto Losapio Adrián Escudero Departamento de Biología y Geología Física y Química InorgánicaEscuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y TecnologíaUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosMóstolesSpain Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland Department of Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA

Aims Harsh environmental conditions in alpine ecosystems shape vegetation structure into patches,where many different plant species cluster and grow ***,which factors are important for the structure and dynamics of such plant–patch networks remains poorly *** aim to assess which and how environmental and biotic factors predict the assembly of plant–patch networks along a mountain *** We examined the distribution of plant species in more than 5500 vegetation patches in 37 Mediterranean alpine grasslands distributed along a 500 m altitudinal gradient(National Park of Sierra Guadarrama,Spain).We established a plant–patch network for each grassland community and analyzed how nestedness and modularity vary with environmental(altitude,insolation and soil conditions)and biotic factors(number of species per plot,mean patch area and total pasture area).Important Findings Plant–patch networks showed consistent,non-random patterns characterized by a nested,but not modular,structure,which suggests that positive associations among co-occurring specialists promote their growth within patches as subsets of a pool with more generalist *** nestedness and modularity of plant–patch networks varied among ***,nestedness decreased with increasing species per plot and increased with mean patch area,while it was independent of environmental variables;modularity increased with increasing pasture area and species per *** negative relationship between species per plot and nested patterns may be linked to the restricted number of species that can coexist within the same patch at a given ***,the positive relationship between patch size and nestedness indicates that the growth of rare plant species within vegetation patches occupied by more abundant species is facilitated in bigger rather than smaller ***,these results indicate that the nested assembly of vegetation patches may be independent of abiotic cond

关键词： alpine ecosystems community assembly ecological networks metacommunity modularity nestedness patch dynamics

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The role of shaded cocoa plantations in the maintenance of epiphytic orchids and their interactions with phorophytes

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第1期13卷 27-35页

作者： Jonas Morales-Linares JoséGGarcía-Franco Alejandro Flores-Palacios Thorsten Krömer Tarin Toledo-Aceves Red de Ecología Funcional Instituto de EcologíaA.C.Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351El HayaXalapa 91070VeracruzMexico Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación Universidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosAv.Universidad 1001Col.ChamilpaCuernavaca 62209MorelosMexico Present address:Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación Universidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosAv.Universidad 1001Col.ChamilpaCuernavaca 62209MorelosMéxico Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales Universidad VeracruzanaJoséMaría Morelos 44-46Zona CentroXalapa 91000VeracruzMexico

Aims Habitat loss and fragmentation are the main threats to biodiversity in tropical *** such as shaded cocoa plantations(SCP)provide refuge for tropical forest ***,it is poorly known whether the interspecific ecological interactions are also maintained in these transformed *** evaluated the diversity,reproductive status and photosynthetic metabolism(CAM or C3)of the epiphytic orchid community,and their interactions with host trees(phorophytes)in SCP compared to tropical rainforest(TRF).Methods In southeastern Mexico,three sites each in TRF and SCP were studied,with four 400 m2 plots established at each site to record all orchids and their *** determined the reproductive(adult)or non-reproductive(juvenile)status of each orchid individual in relation to the presence or absence,respectively,of flowers/fruits(or remnants),and assigned the photosynthetic pathway of each orchid species based in *** used true diversity and ecological networks approaches to analyze orchid diversity and orchid–phorophyte interactions,*** Findings In total,607 individuals belonging to 47 orchid species were *** diversity was higher in TRF(19 effective species)than in SCP(11 effective species)and only seven species were shared between the two *** orchid species were more frequent in SCP(53%)than in TRF(14%).At the community level the proportion of non-reproductive and reproductive orchid species and the nested structure and specialization level of the TRF orchid–phorophyte network were maintained in ***,only a subset of TRF epiphytic orchids remains in SCP,highlighting the importance of protecting *** this difference,shaded agroecosystems such as SCP can maintain some of the diversity and functions of natural forests,since the SCP epiphytic orchid community,mainly composed of CAM species,and its phorophytes constitute a nested interaction network,which would confer robustness to d

关键词： agroecosystem ecological networks Mexico photosynthetic pathway tropical rainforest

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