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New stylophorans(echinodermata) from the Upper Cambrian of Guangxi,South China

Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第2期51卷 181-186页

作者： HAN NaiRen1 & CHEN GuiYing1,2 1 Department of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Gulin 541004, China 2 Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geoscience, Wuhan 430074, China Department of Resources and Environmental Engineering Guilin University of Technology Gulin China Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geoscience Wuhan China

This paper describes for the first time the cornute stylophorans (echinodermata) in China. The new material came from the Guole Formation of the Furongian (Late Cambrian) in the Guole area of Jingxi, Guangxi Province, South China. These new cornute specimens are preserved in situ and found along with well-preserved trilobites and brachiopods. One new species, Phyllocystis jingxiensis sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate these unusual materials. The new species is defined by the small, heart-shaped theca with the frame composed of ten narrow, smooth and thick marginal plates, three adoral plates and distinctive zygal and aulacophore. Both supracentrals and infracentrals are polygonal-outlined. The marginal plate M1' on the inferior face extends posteriorly to form zygal that possesses a broadened proximal end and the proximal portion joining with the conjunction between M4 and M5 on the inferior face. Aulacophore comprises ten segments at its proximal part and is conical at the middle part (named stylocone). Its distal portion is rather long and bears conspicuous ambulacrum grooves. Tectals are horizontally arranged on superior face and obliquely arranged on inferior face. Both cothurnopore and anal pyramid are vaguely seen on the right anterior corner and the extremity of theca's superior face.

关键词： Phyllocystis Stylophora echinodermata Cambrian Guangxi South China

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FOSSIL RECORD AND PHYLOGENY OF OPHIOCISTIOIDS (echinodermata:ECHINOZOA)

FOSSIL RECORD AND PHYLOGENY OF OPHIOCISTIOIDS (ECHINODERMATA...

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第二届国际古生物学大会

作者： Mike REICH Geoscience Centre of the University of Gttingen MuseumCollections and Geopark Goldschmidt-Str. 3D-37077 GttingenGermany

The Ophiocistioidea are a rare group of pentaradiate, free-moving echinoderms (Echinozoa), known only from the Palaeozoic. Ophiocistioids characteristically consists of a large, rather depressed test, and very long and typically skeletonised ventral podia, as well as a masticatory apparatus very similar to the Aristotle’s lantern of echinoids. The wall of the test is either plated, or skinned (’naked") (Reich & Haude, 2004). This group can be considered as a sister group of the Holothuroidea and Echinoidea, because of characteristics of both echinozoans. The mode of life was surveyed by Ubaghs (1966), and recently by Haude (2004).

关键词： echinodermata Echinozoa Ophiocistioidea Palaeozoic

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Bioactive substances with anti-neoplastic efficacy from marine invertebrates:Bryozoa,Mollusca,echinodermata and Urochordata

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2011年第11期2卷 362-366页

作者： Petr Sima Vaclav Vetvicka Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences142 20 Prague 15400Czech Republic Department of Pathology University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40292United States

The marine environment provides a rich source of natural products with potential therapeutic *** has resulted in an increased rate of pharmaceutical agents being discovered in marine animals,particularly *** objective is to summarize the most promising compounds which have the best potential and may lead to use in clinical practice,show their biological activities and highlight the compounds currently being tested in clinical *** this paper,we focused on Bryozoa,Mollusca,echinodermata and Urochordata.

关键词： Cancer echinodermata Invertebrates Mollusca Urochordata

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First Record of Sexual Dimorphism in Toxasterid Echinoid Heteraster from the Early Cretaceous Deposits of the Kopet-Dagh Basin,NE Iran

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地质学报:英文版 2023年第5期97卷 1318-1334页

作者： Hossein KAMYABI SHADAN Morteza TAHERPOUR KHALIL-ABAD Exploration Directorate of the National Iranian Oil Company TehranIran Young Researchers and Elite Club Mashhad BranchIslamic Azad UniversityMashhadIran

Spatangoid echinoids belonging to Heteraster found in the Lower Cretaceous limestones and calcareous deposits of the Tirgan and Sarcheshmeh formations(Barremian-Aptian)in the Bahman jan-Bala stratigraphic section on the northern flank of the Borouj syncline,situated in the eastern Kopet-Dagh Basin,northeastern Iran are assessed as a sexually dimorphic *** dimorphism is a common feature in echinoids and,in this study of Heteraster renngarteni Poretzkaja,1961,sexual dimorphism has been detected for the first time in the family Toxasteridae.

关键词： invertebrate paleontology echinodermata Heteraster sexual dimorphism Barremian–Aptian Kopet-Dagh Iran

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Article Index to Vol.8, 2009

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2009年第4期8卷 I0001-I0004页

Number 1 Global Sea Level Change and Thermal Contribution ZUO Juncheng, ZHANG Jianli, DU Ling, LI Peiliang, and LI

关键词： Number JIANG Sediment Bacteria Tropical Marine Coast Qingdao Paralichthys echinodermata

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Symmetry of echinoderms: From initial bilaterally-asymmetric metamerism to pentaradiality

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Natural Science 2014年第4期6卷 171-183页

作者： Sergey V. Rozhnov Borissiak Paleontological Institute RAS Moscow Russia

Echinoderm radial symmetry has first appeared in the ambulacral system, when the ambulacral channel assumed the shape of a closed ring or a horseshoe with approximated ends, and then spread onto other organ systems. Its origin was a natural consequence of a steady increase of the original asymmetry of bilaterally-asymmetric three-segmented ancestors of echinoderms, culminated by closing of the ancestral linear metamerism into radiality. The evolutionary transformation from a simple pouchlike hydrocoel with one side channel to an elongated hydrocoel (located under the oesophagus) with two side channels, and finally to a nearly closed horseshoeshaped hydrocoel with three radial channels can be reconstructed based on the theca structure and the number of ambulacra in the row SolutaCincta-Helicoplacoidea. After the hydrocoel with three outbound ambulacral channels circled around the oesophagus as a horseshoe, it either closed into a ring, or its ends became closely approximated. This has determined the primary triradiate symmetry, which quickly transformed into pentaradial symmetry of the 2-1-2 type as a result of branching of two of the three primary radial channels. This occurred no earlier than the Late Vendian, when the first bilaterians appeared to have begun to acquire body appendages, and no later than the Early Cambrian, when the first skeletal remains of echinoderms entered the fossil record (in the Atdabanian). The 2-1-2 pentaradial symmetry evolved into the true pentaradiality as a result of shifting the timing of tentacle branching to earlier stages of ontogenesis and even spreading of the five tentacle primordia over the ambulacral ring. This occurred during the Ordovician.

关键词： echinodermata Symmetry Asymmetry Metamerism Pentaradiality Body Plan Hox Genes Colinearity

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