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Controlling the key by choosing the detection bits in quantum cryptographic protocols

Science China(Information Sciences) 2015年第11期58卷 200-210页

作者： LIU Bin GAO Fei HUANG Wei LI Dan WEN QiaoYan State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications College of Computer Science Chongqing University

eavesdropping detection is an indispensable process of most quantum cryptographic protocols. By publishing and comparing part of the shared bits, called as detection bits, the participants can check whether there exists an eavesdropper. Generally, the detection bits are chosen randomly. Consequently, the secret bits, i.e., the rest bits, are also random. Then, what if the detection bits are chosen non-randomly? Can the participant who chooses the detection bits make the secret bits to be a predetermined string he expected?This paper focuses on the participants’ key control capability when they choose the detection bits selectively in two-party quantum communication protocols. Concretely, we analyze the participants’ key control capability in different situations of different proportions of the detection bits. And we prove that the participants can predetermine, with high probability, any part of the secret bits of which the length is smaller than that of the detection bits. The above result has various potential applications in quantum cryptographic ***, utilizing this non-random selection of the detection bits, one can realize the function of a deterministic quantum key distribution protocol through a random one if the number of the detection bits is not smaller than that of the secret bits. What is more, we find that quite a few quantum key agreement protocols cannot guarantee the fairness of the key in the sense that the participant who chooses the detection bits can control the key somewhat.

关键词： eavesdropping detection deterministic quantum key distribution quantum key agreement quantum information quantum cryptography

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Improved Security detection Strategy for Quantum "Ping-Pong" Protocol and Its Security Analysis

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China Communications 2011年第3期8卷 170-179页

作者：李剑金海菲景博 School of Computer Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Department of Computer Science Beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology

In order to transmit the secure messages,a deterministic secure quantum direct communication protocol,called the "Ping-pong"protocol was proposed by Bostrm and Felbinger [***.89,187902(2002) ].But the protocol was proved to have many vulnerabilities,and can be attacked by *** overcome the problem,an improved security detection strategy which inserts the | 0〉,| 1〉,|+〉and |-〉particles into the messages as the decoy particles randomly in the"Ping-pong"protocol is *** the security analysis,the method of the entropy theory is introduced,and three detection strategies are compared quantitatively by using the constraint between the information which eavesdroppers can obtain and the interference *** of the presence of the trap particles |+〉and |-〉,the detection rate will be no less than 25% when Eve attacks the *** security analysis result shows that the efficiency of eavesdropping detection in the presented protocol is higher than the other two,so the detection strategy in the protocol can ensure that the "Ping-pong"protocol is more secure.

关键词： secure quantum direct communication "Ping-pong " protocol protocol security eavesdropping detection

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Deterministic Quantum Secure Direct Communication and Authentication Protocol Based on W-Class State

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2018年第2期27卷 276-280页

作者： LI Leilei ZHANG Yu WEN Shuang LI Na YANG Jiayu LI Jian School of Computer Science Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Electrical and Information Engineering Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture

A Quantum secure direct communication(QSDC) and authentication protocol based on the W-class state is presented to enhance the efficiency of eavesdropping detection. In this protocol, the W-class state is used to transmission the checking sequence and detect eavesdroppers. In the security analysis, the method of entropy theory is introduced, and two detection strategies are compared quantitatively by using the constraint between the information that eavesdroppers can obtain and a normalized difference parameter is introduced. To obtain the same amount of information, the eavesdropper must face a higher detection probability in the proposed protocol than in the comparison. The security of the proposed protocol is also discussed. The analysis results indicate that the proposed protocol is more secure, but it must send more particles.

关键词： eavesdropping detection Quantum secure direct communication(QSDC) W-class state Security analysis

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Controlled Deterministic Secure Quantum Communication Protocol Based on Three-Particle GHZ States in X-Basis

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2015年第3期63卷 285-290页

作者：昌燕张仕斌闫丽丽韩桂华 College of Information Security Engineering Chengdu University of Information Technology

A controlled deterministic secure quantum communication(CDSQC) protocol is proposed based on threeparticle GHZ state in *** X-basis and Z_1Z_2X_3-basis(composed of Z-basis and X-basis) measurement are required,which makes the scheme more convenient than others in practical *** distributing a random key between both sides of the communication and performing classical XOR operation,we realize a one-time-pad scheme,therefore our protocol achieves unconditional *** only user with legitimate identity string can decrypt the secret,our protocol can resist man-in-the middle *** three-particle GHZ state in X-basis is used as decoy photons to detect *** detection rate reaches 75% per qubit.

关键词： deterministic secure quantum communication eavesdropping detection classical XOR operation

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A quantum secure direct communication protocol based on a five-particle cluster state and classical XOR operation

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Chinese Physics C 2012年第1期36卷 31-36页

作者：李剑宋丹劼郭晓静景博 School of Computer Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Department of Computer Science Beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology

In order to transmit secure messages,a quantum secure direct communication protocol based on a five-particle cluster state and classical XOR operation is *** five-particle cluster state is used to detect eavesdroppers,and the classical XOR operation serving as a one-time-pad is used to ensure the security of the *** the security analysis,the entropy theory method is introduced,and three detection strategies are compared quantitatively by using the constraint between the information that the eavesdroppers can obtain and the interference *** the eavesdroppers intend to obtain all the information,the detection rate of the original ping-pong protocol is 50%;the second protocol,using two particles of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair as detection particles,is also 50%;while the presented protocol is 89%.Finally,the security of the proposed protocol is discussed,and the analysis results indicate that the protocol in this paper is more secure than the other two.

关键词： QSDC XOR operation five-particle cluster state eavesdropping detection protocol security

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Improved quantum "Ping-pong" protocol based on GHZ state and classical XOR operation

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2011年第9期54卷 1612-1618页

作者： LI Jian JIN HaiFei JING Bo State Key Lab of Network and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China Department of Computer Science Beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology Beijing 100029 China

In order to transmit the secure message, a deterministic secure quantum direct communication protocol which was called ＂Ping-pong＂ protocol was proposed by Bostrrm and Felbinger [Bostrom K, et al. Phys Rev Lett, 2002, 89： 187902]. But the protocol was proved very vulnerable, and can be attacked by an eavesdropper. An improved ＂Ping-pong＂ protocol is presented to overcome the problem. The GHZ state particles are used to detect eavesdroppers, and the classical XOR operation which serves as a one-time-pad is used to ensure the security of the protocol. During the security analysis, the method of the entropy theory is introduced, and three detection strategies are compared quantitatively by using the constraint between the information which an eavesdropper can obtain and the interference introduced. If the eavesdropper gets the full information, the detection rate of the original ＂Ping-pong＂ protocol is 50%; the detection rate of the second protocol which used two particles of EPR pair as detection particles is also 50%; and the detection rate of the presented protocol is 75%. In the end, the security of the pro-posed protocol is discussed. The analysis results show that the improved ＂Ping-pong＂ protocol in this paper is more secure than the other two.

关键词： "Ping-pong" protocol XOR operation GHZ state eavesdropping detection protocol security

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Improved Quantum ＂ Ping-Pong＂ Protocol Based on Extended Three-Particle GHZ State

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China Communications 2012年第1期9卷 111-116页

作者： Li Jian Guo Xiaojing Song Danjie Xie Feng Peng Yong School of Computer Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 P. R. China Technical Assessment Research Laboratory China Information Technology Security Evaluation Center Beijing 100085 P R. China

In order to transmit secure messages, a quantum secure direct communication protocol based on extended three-particle GHZ state was presented, in which the extended three-particle GHZ state was used to detect eavesdroppers. In the security analysis, the method of the entropy theory is introduced, and three detection strategies are compared quantitatively by using the constraint between the information eavesdroppers can obtain and the interference introduced. If the eavesdroppers intend to obtain all inforrmtion, the detection rate of the original ＂Ping-pong＂ protocol is 50% ; the second protocol used two particles of EPR pair as detection particles is also 50%; while the presented protocol is 58%. At last, the security of the proposed protocol is discussed. The analysis results indicate that the protocol in this paper is more secure than the other two.

关键词： quantum key distffoution "Ping-pong" protocol extended three-particle GHZ state eavesdropping detection

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Anti-Noise Quantum Network Coding Protocol Based on Bell States and Butterfly Network Model

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Journal of Quantum Computing 2019年第2期1卷 89-109页

作者： Zhexi Zhang Zhiguo Qu Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China

How to establish a secure and efficient quantum network coding algorithm isone of important research topics of quantum secure communications. Based on thebutterfly network model and the characteristics of easy preparation of Bell states, a novelanti-noise quantum network coding protocol is proposed in this paper. The new protocolencodes and transmits classical information by virtue of Bell states. It can guarantee thetransparency of the intermediate nodes during information, so that the eavesdropper Evedisables to get any information even if he intercepts the transmitted quantum states. Inview of the inevitability of quantum noise in quantum channel used, this paper analyzesthe influence of four kinds of noises on the new protocol in detail further, and verifies theefficiency of the protocol under different noise by mathematical calculation and *** addition, based on the detailed mathematical analysis, the protocol has functioned wellnot only on improving the efficiency of information transmission, throughput and linkutilization in the quantum network, but also on enhancing reliability and antieavesdroppingattacks.

关键词： Network coding quantum network coding bell states butterfly networkmodel quantum communication eavesdropping detection

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