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The earliest-known ancestors of Recent Priapulomorpha from the early cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstatte

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2004年第17期49卷 1860-1868页

作者： HAN Jian SHU Degan ZHANG Zhifei LIU Jianni Department of Geology and Key Laboratory for Continental Dynam-ics of the Education Ministry Northwest UniversityXi’an 710069China School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geo-sciencesBeijing 100083China

The taxonomy of an early ancestor of Recent Priapulidae, Xiaoheiqingella peculiaris (= Yunnanpriapulus halteroformis Huang et al., 2004) from the early cambrian Chengjiang fossil Lagerst?tte, is revised. Morphological characters comprise a pair of caudal appendages rather than a single appendage flanking the trunk end and a possible urogenital duct found inside the preanal region. An addi- tional extremely rare fossil priapulid worm, Paratubiluchus bicaudatus gen. nov., sp. nov. is also described herein. Its diagnostic characters are: an introvert bearing 25 longitudi- nal rows of scalids, a distinct neck region, no annulus on the oval trunk, and a pair of caudal appendages. The proportion of body parts is similar in size to that of loricate larvae of Recent priapulids and larva-formed Palaeopriapulitidae. Taking account of the features of Xiaoheiqingella, bicaudal appendages are considered to be a synapomorphy of Pri- apulidae and Tubiluchidae. Paratubiluchus gen. nov. is most likely a candidate for the ancestor of the Tubiluchidae; it probably originated from a larva-formed priapulid with 25 rows of scalids, thus representing an intermediate link be- tween the priapulids in mature-form and the priapulids with lorica.

关键词： early cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstatte priapulids Xiaoheiqingella Paratubiluchus

A New Arthropod,Guangweicaris Luo,Fu et Hu gen. nov. from the early cambrian Guanshan Fauna,Kunming,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2007年第1期81卷 1-7页

作者： LUO Huilin FU Xiaoping HU Shixue LI Yong HOU Shuguang YOU Ting PANG Jiyuan LIU Qi Yunnan Institute of Geological Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650051 Shenzhen Palaeontological Museum Shenzhen Guangdong 518004 Faculty of Earth Science China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 430074

The Guanshan Fauna is a soft-bodied fauna dominated by arthropods （including trilobites, trilobitoides, Tuzoia, Isoxys, and bradorids） in association with priapulids, brachiopods, anomalocaridids, vetulicoliids, sponges, chancellorids, and echinoderms. This paper reports and describes a new arthropod from the yellowish green mudstone at the lower part of the Wulongqing Formation, Canglangpuan Stage, Lower cambrian in Kunming, Yunnan, China. The stratigraphic and geographic distribution, classification, fossil preservation, life style of this new arthropod and comparisons with other fossil arthropods are also discussed in details. The discovery and research of the non-mineralized arthropod, Guangweicaris Luo, Fu et Hu gen. nov. from the Guanshan Fauna adds new members to the taxonomic list and provides new information to the evolution of early arthropods. Furthermore, this study would shed new light into the ＂cambrian Explosion＂ and the evolution of early life.

关键词： early cambrian Wulongqing Formation Guanshan Fauna Arthropods Guangwei,Kunming Yunnan

New Record of Palaeoscolecids from the early cambrian of Yunnan,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2008年第2期82卷 244-248页

作者： HU Shixue LI Yong LUO Huilin FU Xiaoping YOU Ting PANG Jiyuan LIU Qi Michael STEINER Yunnan Institute of Geological Sciences Kunming 650051 Yunnan China Shenzhen Palaeontological Museum Shenzhen 518004 Guangdong China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy （NIGP CAS） Nanjing 210008 China Faculty of Earth Science China University of Geosciences （Wuhan） Wuhan 430074 China Technische Universitdt Berlin D-13355 Berlin Germany

A new palaeoscolecid, Guanduscolex minor Hu, Luo et Fu gen. et sp. nov., with preserved soft parts of introvert and intestines comes from the Lower cambrian Guanshan fauna of Yunnan, South China. Microstructural details of the cuticle revealed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） show that each annulation bears three rows of plates and each plate bears 9-10 marginal and 4-5 central nodes. This discovery sheds new light on the relationships and evolutionary pathway of the palaeoscolecids and other early priapulids.

关键词： Palaeoscolecid Guanshan fauna ultrastructure early cambrian Yunnan China

New early cambrian Chordates from Haikou, Kunming

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2001年第4期75卷 345-348页

作者： LUO Huilin, HU Shixue and CHEN Liangzhong Yunnan Institute of Geological Sciences, 131 Baita Road, Kunming 650011, Yunnan Yunnan Inst Geol Sci Kunming 650011 Yunnan Peoples R China

Two new chordates, Cathaymyrus haikouensis Luo et Hu sp. nov. and Zhongxiniscus intermedius Luo et Hu gen. et sp. nov. are studied in this paper. Both display numerous S-shaped myomeres on their trunk. C. haikouensis shows a long and slim body similar to that of Cathaymyrus diadexus Shu et al., Zhongxiniscus approaches to Myllokunmingia and Haikouichthys in the dorsal fin, but differs in the myomeres. Zhongxiniscus may be the intermediate form between Cathaymyrus and Myllokunmingia and Haikouichthys.

关键词： Haikou Kunming early cambrian chordate

Preliminary notes on soft-bodied fossil concentrations from the early cambrian Chengjiang deposits

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Science Bulletin 2006年第20期51卷 2482-2492页

作者： HAN Jian1, SHU Degan1,2, ZHANG Zhifei1, LIU Jianni1, ZHANG Xingliang1 & YAO Yang1 1. Department of Geology and Key Laboratory for Continental Dynam- ics, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China 2. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geo- sciences, Beijing 100083, China Department of Geology and Key Laboratory for Continental Dynamics Northwest University Xi’an China School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing China

The efforts of labor-intensive collecting in the early cambrian Chengjiang deposits in eastern Yunnan Province, China led to the discovery of many horizons containing exceptionally well preserved soft-bodied fossil concentrations, many of which can be assigned to either monospecific concentrations or paucispecific concentrations. The features of these fossil concentrations support the hypothesis that frequent storm events producing tempestites mainly contributed to the preservation of abundant soft- bodied fossils in the Chengjiang deposits, and indi- cate that the balance of the ecological web in this region was probably frequently destroyed or upset by such storm events during that geological time. Ani- mals in a fossil assemblage in such fossil concentra- tions probably occupied similar ecological biotopes.

关键词： early cambrian Chengjiang fauna preservation soft- bodied fossil concentration (SFC).

Gill rays of primitive vertebrate Yunnanozoon from early cambrian: a first record

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Frontiers in Biology 2008年第2期3卷 241-244页

作者： Ailin CHEN Diying HUANG Key Laboratory for Palaeontology Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Chengjiang Fauna National Geopark of China Chengjiang 652500China Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Yunnanozoans(including Yunnanozoon and Haikouella)are important representatives of the primitive vertebrates in the early cambrian Chengjiang *** Yunnanozoans,we know less about Yunnanozoon than about Haikouella due to the poor preservation of *** to now,there have been some reports that Haikouella had developed gill rays,while there have been no reports on *** this paper,we described our new findings of the distinct gill rays of Yunnanozoon lividum based on new well-preserved material collected from the Lower cambrian Maotianshan Shale in Xiaolantian of Yunnan Province,*** study provides new data on the evolutionary relationship of the primitive vertebrates and their early evolution.

关键词： gill rays Yunnanozoon Haikouella early cambrian Yunnan

Enigmatic ribbon-like fossil from early cambrian of Yunnan, China

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China Geology 2021年第2期4卷 205-214页

作者： Feng Tang Si-cun Song Guang-xu Zhang Ai-lin Chen Jun-ping Liu Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Department of Earth Sciences University College LondonLondon WC1E6BTUnited Kingdom Yunnan Key Laboratory For Palaeobiology Kunming 650091China Research Center of Paleobiology Yuxi Normal UniversityYuxi 653100China Yunnan Institute of Geological Survey Kunming 650216China

During the Late Neoproterozoic and early cambrian,a series of paleogeographic and paleoecological events occurred associated with deglaciations and the evolution of *** appearance of fossils representing diverse phyla,novel body plans and complex ecologies in Ediacaran and cambrian sedimentary successions has sparked diverse hypotheses about potential drivers for the radiation of early animals during this ***,new macroscopic fossils of carbonaceous compressions with unique features have been found in Anning,Yunnan,*** fossils’bodies are ribbon-shaped and bilaterally symmetric,with dense longitudinal features and transversal *** fossils occur 0.68 m below a bentonite interlayer which has been dated 535.2±1.7 Ma by Ri-xiang Zhu and his team in *** relatively simply morphology of these fossils,coupled with a lack of preserved internal structures challenge efforts taxonomically identify the precursor organism and definitively ally it to a living ***,the symmetry and unusual features of the body are analogous to members of *** presence of ribbon-shaped fossils in the Zhongyicun Member in Anning indicates that these organisms were at least a locally significant component of cambrian seafloor ecosystems,and may hold important implications for our understanding of the early evolution of Bilateria.

关键词： early cambrian Platyhelminthe Bilateria Macrofossil Eastern Yunnan Geological survey engineering

Spatiotemporal variability of ocean chemistry in the early cambrian,South China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第4期57卷 579-591页

作者： JIN ChengSheng LI Chao PENG XingFang CUI Hao SHI Wei ZHANG ZiHu LUO GenMing XIE ShuCheng State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences

Following the Ediacaran metazoan radiation,the "cambrian Explosion" set up the major framework of todays' animal phyla as well as modern marine ***,we present a preliminary investigation on the temporal and spatial(from shallow to deep waters) variations of the early cambrian ocean chemistry in South China through analyzing a Fe-S-C systematic dataset integrated from *** investigation indicates that the early cambrian deep ocean in South China was still anoxic and Fe2+-enriched(i.e.,ferruginous) although its surface was oxic,and in between a metastable euxinic(anoxic and sulfidic) water zone may have dynamically developed in anoxic shelf waters with an increasing weathering sulfate ***,accompanying marine transgression and regression cycles in the early cambrian,such a "sandwich" structure in ocean redox chemistry demonstrates five evolutional stages,which can be well correlated to the spatiotemporal patterns of fossil records in South *** good correlation between metazoan fossil occurrences and water chemistry in South China suggests that early animals possibly possessed ability to inhabit anoxic but generally not euxinic environments as free H2S was fatal to most *** view can well explain why those small shell fauna and sponges disappeared from shelf to slope areas where sulfidic Ni-Mo-rich shales were widely ***,we conclude that the spatiotemporal variations of ocean chemistry and its biological effects probably played a key role in the phased animal radiations and "extinctions" in the early cambrian.

关键词： South China early cambrian ocean chemistry euxinic cambrian Explosion

New Occurrence of the early cambrian Chengjiang Fauna in Haikou, Kunming, Yunnan Province,and Study on Trilobitoidea

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1997年第2期71卷 122-132,231-232页

作者： Luo Huilin Hu Shixue Zhang Shishan and Tao Yonghe Yunnan Institute of Geological Sciences, Kunming Yunnan Kunyang Phosphorite Mine, Jinning, Yunnan

This paper gives a brief report on the new occurrence of the early cambrianQiongzhusi' an Chengjiang fauna in the Haikou area, Kunming and its assemblage feature andthe stratigraphic section of the horizon yielding these fossils. Eight genera and 8 species ofTrilobitoidea are described here, embracing Leanchoilia asiatica Luo et Hu (sp. nov.), Yohoiasinensis Luo et Hu (sp. nov.), Zhongxinia speciosa Luo et Hu (gen. et sp. nov.), Xandarellaspectuculum Hou et al., Dianchia mirabilis Luo et Hu (gen. et sp. nov.), Kuamaia lata Hou,Retifacies longispinus Luo et Hu (sp. nov.) and Sinoburius lunaris Hou et al.

关键词： early cambrian Chengjiang fauna Trilobitoidea Kunming Yunnan