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Grass Cover Influences Hydrophysical Parameters and Heterogeneity of Water Flow in a Sandy Soil

Pedosphere 2011年第6期21卷 719-729页

作者： L.LICHNER D.J.ELDRIDGE K.SCHACHT N.ZHUKOVA L.HOLKO M.íR J.PECHO Institute of Hydrology Slovak Academy of Sciences Department of Environment Climate Change and Water School of BiologicalEarth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Geography Department Ruhr-University BochumUniversitaetsstrasse M.Nodia Institute of Geophysics Institute of Hydrodynamics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Institute of Atmospheric Physics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

Vegetation cover has a major effect on water flow in soils. Two sites, separated by distance of about 50 m, were selected to quantify the influence of grass cover on hydrophysical parameters and heterogeneity of water flow in a sandy soil emerging during a heavy rain following a long hot, dry period. A control soil （pure sand） with limited impact of vegetation or organic matter was obtained by sampling at 50 cm depth beneath a glade area, and a grassland soil was covered in a 10 cm thick humic layer and colonised by grasses. The persistence of water repellency was measured using the water drop penetration time test, sorptivity and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity using a mini disk infiltrometer, and saturated hydraulic conductivity using a double-ring infiltrometer. dye tracer experiments were used to assess the heterogeneity of water flow, and both the modified method for estimating effective cross section and an original method for assessing the degree of preferential flow were used to quantify this heterogeneity from the images of dyed soil profiles. Most hydrophysical parameters were substantially different between the two surfaces. The grassland soil had an index of water repellency about 10 times that of pure sand and the persistence of water repellency almost 350 times that of pure sand. Water and ethanol sorptivities in the grassland soil were 7% and 43%, respectively, of those of the pure sand. Hydraulic conductivity and saturated hydraulic conductivities in the grassland soil were 5% and 16% of those of the pure sand, respectively. dye tracer experiments revealed a stable flow with ＂air-draining＂ condition in pure sand and well-developed preferential flow in grassland soil, corresponding to individual grass tussocks and sinai! micro-depressions. The grassland soil was substantially more water repellent and had 3 times the degree of preferential flow compared to pure sand. The results of this study reinforce our view that the consequences of any change in

关键词： dye tracing grassland soil hydrophobicity infiltration preferential flow

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Introducing Fractal Dimension to Estimation of Soil Sensitivity to Preferential Flow

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Pedosphere 2002年第3期12卷 201-206页

作者： CHENGZHUHUA ZHANGJIABAQ 等 DepartmentofSoilPhysics InstituteofSoilSciencetheChineseAcademyofSciencesP.O.Box821Nanjing210008（China） DepartmentofSoilPhysics InstituteofSoilSciencetheChineseAcademyofSciencesP.O.Box821Nanjing

Food dye Brilliant Blue was introduced as the tracer in a dye-tracing experiment to obtain dye profile patterns of sandy loam soil, aeolian sandy soil, percolating paddy soil and permeable paddy soil. The dyed soil profiles were then photographed and the photos were scanned into a computer. Edited with certain software, only the dyed areas were left on the profile photos, which indicted the preferential flow paths for water and solute transport. Fractal dimensions of the dye patterns were calculated according to Arnold's function. Soil particle size distribution was analyzed by pipette method. The regression analysis showed that there was significant relationship between soil clay content and fractal dimension D of the dye pattern of soil profile. Based on the experiment results, the possibility of introducing fractal dimension to estimation of soil sensitivity to preferential flow is discussed.

关键词： dye tracing fractal dimension preferential flow sensitivity soil claycontent

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Efficacy and Challenges of Using Springs for Early Detection of Contaminant Release from Waste Disposal Facilities Constructed in Karst Terranes

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第9期8卷 107-125页

作者： Wanfang Zhou Mingtang Lei Zeo Environmental LLC Knoxville TN USA Institute of Karst Geology Guilin China

Early detection of groundwater contamination from waste disposal facilities is challenging in karst terranes. First, one needs to demonstrate that the groundwater system at the study site is monitorable. Both springs and wells are potential monitoring locations if they are effectively connected to the groundwater system, and they are not impacted by any other disposal facilities. Second, due to dynamic responses to recharge events, particularly discharge and chemical constituents at karst springs, multiple-parameter, long-term, and high-frequency monitoring may be required to collect background data. Sampling and analysis plans should be designed to reflect the unique characteristics of the monitoring locations. Characterization of the natural variations in water quality may require sampling efforts under different flow conditions. Third, evaluation of the potential impact of waste disposal units on the groundwater system requires an effective statistical evaluation program. Due to heterogeneity of karst aquifers, intra-locational comparison is generally preferred to inter-locational comparison. Sufficient groundwater monitoring data prior to construction of waste disposal units are required to develop the intra-locational statistical evaluation. In the case study presented in this paper, procedures to address these above-mentioned challenges were presented for two springs using seven dye tracing tests, two spring instrumentations, nine background sampling, flow-weighted concentrations, and an innovative statistical evaluation method were presented. These procedures were developed to evaluate potential contaminant release from a solid waste disposal facility constructed in a relatively isolated karst terrane. Although the specific procedures may not be duplicated, the overall technical approaches discussed in the paper may shed light on groundwater monitoring programs in other karst areas.

关键词： Karst Spring dye tracing Flow-Weighted Concentration Waste Disposal Statistical Evaluation

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