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Antioxidant capacity and phytochemical content of 16 sources of corn distillers dried grains with solubles(DDGS)

Animal Nutrition 2018年第4期4卷 435-441页

作者： Eui-Cheol Shin Gerald C.Shurson Daniel D.Gallaher Department of Food Science and Nutrition University of Minnesota Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota

Corn distillers dried grains with solubles(DDGS) is a co-product of the fuel ethanol industry that is an excellent source of energy, digestible amino acids, and digestible phosphorus. However, the antioxidant capacity and phytochemical content of DDGS and how it is influenced by production parameters is unknown. Therefore, 16 DDGS samples obtained from different ethanol production plants in the U.S.were characterized for antioxidant capacity, vitamin E, xanthophylls, and ferulic acid content and compared with corn. The antioxidant capacity of DDGS samples, measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-lpicrylhydrazyl(DPPH) assay, varied almost 2 folds among samples, but in all cases was more than 3 times that of corn. All DDGS samples had a considerably greater concentration of tocopherols and tocotrienols(lipid-soluble antioxidants) than corn. However, the relative concentrations among the tocopherols and tocotrienols tended to be similar to corn. The xanthophyll lutein was present in all DDGS samples and in all cases exceeded the content in corn. Zeaxanthin was detected in most samples. The total ferulic acid content of the DDGS samples was almost 3-fold greater than corn, but, as in corn, almost all was present in a bound form. However, the concentration of unbound(free) ferulic acid was more than 3 times the concentration found in the corn sample. Thus, DDGS is a rich source of phytochemical compounds and may provide antioxidant and health benefits beyond its macronutrient composition. However, differences in processing can greatly influence the phytochemical content and quality of DDGS. In particular,thermal abuse due to excessive heat used in drying may lead to lipid oxidation products that may have deleterious effects when incorporated into feeds.

关键词： Corn distillers dried grains with solubles Vitamin E Ferulic acid Xanthophylls Lutein Antioxidant capacity

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Optimization and application of a dried blood spot-based genetic screening method for thalassemia in Shenzhen newborns

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第6期15卷 610-614页

作者： Wei Wen Meng Guo Hong-bing Peng Li Ma Neonatal Screening Center Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare HospitalFuqiang Road 3012Futian DistrictShenzhen 518017China

Background To optimize and apply an approach suitable for large-scale neonatal thalassemia genetic screening in China,thalassemia genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-reverse dot blot using DNA extracted from dried blood spots(DBS)obtained from newborn screening programs.Methods Firstly,the most suitable commercial DNA extraction kit for DBS was screened.Then,the appropriate amount of DBS required for the automated high-throughput DNA extraction system was evaluated.Finally,the thalassemia prevalence and genotype spectrum in Shenzhen were investigated in 2028 newborns using the optimized screening procedure.Results The Magentec extraction kit was best suited for the automated DBS DNA extraction system using eight 3-mm DBS discs.The neonatal thalassemia prevalence in Shenzhen was 9.12%;6.31%α-thalassemia,2.37%β-thalassemia,and 0.44%α-/β-thalassemia.Conclusions Genetic screening based on DBS can precisely identify the thalassemia genotypes.Bothα-andβ-thalassemia are widely distributed in Shenzhen newborns.Newborn genetic screening is important for establishing a comprehensive thalassemia prevention program and for public education.

关键词： dried blood spot Genetic screening Newborn screening Thalassemia

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王薇:酿造甜蜜“柿业”

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Women of China 2024年第2期 68-69页

作者：张佳敏李一博(图) 不详新华社

Fuping,a county in Weinan,a city in Northwest China's Shaanxi Province,is known for growing persimmons.The traditional persimmon-related industry involves the trade of fresh,dried persimmons and persimmon vinegar.The ... 详细信息

关键词：王薇 Northwest dried

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关于葡萄你不知道的事实

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时代英语（高三版） 2024年第2期 10-11页

Grapes are popular fruit,and people also love consuming them as wine,jam,juice,various dried varieties,jelly,vinegar,grape seed extract and grape seed oil.It’s this versatile popularity,coupled with the many countries that hold good growing conditions,that makes the grape as one of the world’s most economically important crops.Here are some fascinating facts about the widespread fruit.葡萄是很受欢迎的水果,人们还喜欢把葡萄制成葡萄酒、果酱、果汁、各种蜜饯、果冻、果醋、葡萄籽提取物和葡萄籽油享用。葡萄的用处多多。

关键词：葡萄籽提取物葡萄籽油 dried

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Epidemiological Analysis of Foodborne Botulism Outbreaks-China,2004-2020

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China CDC weekly 2022年第35期4卷 788-792页

作者： Hongqiu Li Yunchang Guo Tian Tian Wanhua Guo Changqing Liu Xiaocheng Liang Jikai Liu Weiwei Li Ping Fu National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment China National Center for Food Safety Risk AssessmentBeijingChina Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention Urumqi CityXinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionChina Qinghai Center for Disease Prevention and Control Xining CityQinghai ProvinceChina Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shijiazhuang CityHebei ProvinceChina Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Lanzhou CityGansu ProvinceChina

Introduction:Foodborne botulism is a rare,potentially fatal illness resulting from the ingestion of foods contaminated with preformed botulinum neurotoxin types A,B,E,or F,produced by Clostridium botulinum.The descriptive epidemiology of foodborne botulism outbreaks in China during 2004−2020 was performed to inform public health response strategies.Methods:Data from 22 of 31 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)of the National Foodborne Disease Outbreaks Surveillance System during 2004−2020 and Embase,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Data,and Chinese Science and Technique Journals(CQVIP)from January 2004 to December 2020 to identify indexed publications in the Chinese literature using the following search terms“botulism,”or“botulinum toxin,”or“Clostridium botulinum.”The number and proportion of outbreaks,illnesses,and deaths by PLAD,food types,and contributing factors were calculated.Results:During 2004−2020,a total of 80 foodborne botulism outbreaks occurred in China,involving 386 illnesses and 55 deaths;most outbreaks were reported between June and August,with a sharp peak in January;22 out of 31 PLADs reported foodborne botulism outbreaks,Xinjiang reported the largest number of outbreaks(20),followed by Qinghai(13);the most commonly implicated foods were homeprepared traditional processed stinky tofu and dried beef,accounting for 51.25%events.Improper processing and improper storage in contributing factors accounted for 77.50%outbreaks.Initial misdiagnosis occurred in 27.50%of cases.Conclusions:Outbreaks of foodborne botulism had a high case-fatality rate.Targeted food safety and popularization education to farmers and herdsmen in Xinjiang and Qinghai related to botulism prevention should be carried out,and timely outbreak investigation and hospital surge capacity should be improved.

关键词： prevention dried education

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Ko Kuei Chen:a pioneer of modern pharmacological research in China

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Protein & Cell 2023年第5期14卷 315-317页

作者： Huan Liu Zhaoqi Liu Xue Gong Hao Cheng University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Virology Wuhan 430072China Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Ko Kuei Chen(陈克恢,1898–1988)(Fig.1)was a pharmacologist who ceaselessly strove for medical research all his life.He was a pioneer of modern pharmacological research in Chinese medicine(Qian,2014).He systematically studied the pharmacological action of ephedrine and published the first paper on this topic in the world.He discovered that injecting sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate intravenously could effectively treat acute cyanide poisoning(Chen and Rose,1952).He isolated cinobufagin and cinobufotoxin from Ch’an Su,the dried venom of the Chinese toad.His research in pharmacology enriched the treasure trove of medicine.Ko Kuei Chen was a pioneer of pharmacology in Chinese medicine,and his research had epoch-making significance in the field.His pharmacological research on ephedrine set a milestone in the world medicine history.

关键词： pioneer dried epoch

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Active tracking of rejected dried blood samples in a large program in Nigeria

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World Journal of Virology 2016年第2期5卷 73-81页

作者： Auchi Inalegwu Sunny Phillips Rawlings Datir Christopher Chime Petronilla Ozumba Samuel Peters Obinna Ogbanufe Charles Mensah Alash'Le Abimiku Patrick Dakum Nicaise Ndembi Institute of Human Virology US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Embassy of the United States of America Institute of Human Virology University of Maryland School of Medicine

AIM: To study the impact of rejection at different levels of health care by retrospectively reviewing records of dried blood spot samples received at the molecular laboratory for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) early infant diagnosis(EID) between January 2008 and December 2012.METHODS: The specimen rejection rate, reasons for rejection and the impact of rejection at different levels of health care was examined. The extracted data were cleaned and checked for consistency and then deduplicated using the unique patient and clinic identifiers. The cleaned data were ciphered and exported to SPSS version 19(SPSS 2010 IBM Corp, New York, United States) for statistical analyses.RESULTS: Sample rejection rate of 2.4%(n = 786/32552) and repeat rate of 8.8%(n = 69/786) were established. The mean age of infants presenting for first HIV molecular test among accepted valid samples was 17.83 wk(95%CI: 17.65-18.01) vs 20.30 wk(95%CI: 16.53-24.06) for repeated samples. HIV infection rate was 9.8% vs 15.9% for accepted and repeated samples. Compared to tertiary healthcare clinics, secondary and primary clinics had twofold and three-fold higher likelihood of sample rejection, respectively(P < 0.05). We observed a significant increase in sample rejection rate with increasing number of EID clinics(r = 0.893, P = 0.041). The major reasons for rejection were improper sample collection(26.3%), improper labeling(16.4%) and insufficient blood(14.8%). CONCLUSION: Programs should monitor pre-analytical variables and incorporate continuous quality improvement interventions to reduce errors associated with sample rejection and improve patient retention.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus Prevention of mother-to-child transmission Early infant diagnosis dried blood spot Pre-analytical error Sample rejection

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Dose-efficient scanning Compton X-ray microscopy

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第6期12卷 1141-1152页

作者： Tang Li JLukas Dresselhaus Nikolay Ivanov Mauro Prasciolu Holger Fleckenstein Oleksandr Yefanov Wenhui Zhang David Pennicard Ann-Christin Dippel Olof Gutowski Pablo Villanueva-Perez Henry N.Chapman Saša Bajt The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging 22761 HamburgGermany Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL Deutsches ElektronenSynchrotron DESY22607 HamburgGermany Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY 22607 HamburgGermany Synchrotron Radiation Research and NanoLund Lund University22100 LundSweden Department of Physics Universität Hamburg22761 HamburgGermany

The highest resolution of images of soft matter and biological materials is ultimately limited by modification of the structure,induced by the necessarily high energy of short-wavelength radiation.Imaging the inelastically scattered X-rays at a photon energy of 60 keV(0.02 nm wavelength)offers greater signal per energy transferred to the sample than coherent-scattering techniques such as phase-contrast microscopy and projection holography.We present images of dried,unstained,and unfixed biological objects obtained by scanning Compton X-ray microscopy,at a resolution of about 70 nm.This microscope was realised using novel wedged multilayer Laue lenses that were fabricated to sub-ångström precision,a new wavefront measurement scheme for hard X rays,and efficient pixel-array detectors.The doses required to form these images were as little as 0.02%of the tolerable dose and 0.05%of that needed for phase-contrast imaging at similar resolution using 17 keV photon energy.The images obtained provide a quantitative map of the projected mass density in the sample,as confirmed by imaging a silicon wedge.Based on these results,we find that it should be possible to obtain radiation damage-free images of biological samples at a resolution below 10 nm.

关键词： wedge dried scattered

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Reliability of enzyme assays in dried blood spots for diagnosis of 4 lysosomal storage disorders

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2011年第3期1卷 58-64页

作者： Romina Ceci Pablo N. de Francesco Juan M. Mucci Lorena N. Cancelarich Carlos A. Fossati Paula A. Rozenfeld 不详

Introduction: Lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are inherited diseases caused, in the majority of them, by the deficiency of lysosomal enzymatic activities. Ob-jectives: We aimed to analyze the usefulness of DBS samples for diagnosis of 4 LSDs, with the availability of a large quantity of patient samples. Design and methods: Blood samples from previously diagnosed patients with Fabry, Gaucher, Hunter, and Maro-teaux-Lamy syndromes and normal control individ-uals, were collected and dispen-sed in filter paper, and used for enzymatic activity determination. Results: Diagnosis of hemi/homo-zygous patients with Fabry, Hunter and Maroteaux-Lamy diseases using DBS samples showed ideal parameters of 100% sensitivity and specificity. DBS assay for Gaucher disease would need a posterior confirmatory step. Conclusions: Leukocyte measu-rement is the only reliable way to diagnose Gaucher disease. For Hunter, Fabry and Maroteaux-Lamy disorders discrimination between patients and controls seems adequate by DBS.

关键词： Lysosomal Storage Disorders Diagnosis dried Blood Spots Sensitivity Enzymatic Activity Reliability

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Ethical and Regulatory Issues with Residual Newborn Screening dried Bloodspots

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2015年第10期5卷 409-415页

作者： Erin Rothwell Jeffrey R. Botkin College of Nursing and Division of Medical Ethics and Humanities University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA Division of Medical Ethics and Humanities Pediatrics and Associate Vice President for Research University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA

After newborn screening is completed, most states retain leftover dried bloodspots. These dried bloodspots are stored for varying lengths of time among different state newborn screening programs. dried bloodspots are a unique and valuable resource for the development of new newborn screening tests, quality assurance and biomedical research. Recent changes to the 2014 Newborn Screening Reauthorization Saves Lives Act require explicit parental consent for the retention and use of dried bloodspots in federally funded research. This has raised several ethical and regulatory issues and highlighted the challenges of respecting individual autonomy and public health goals. This article provides an overview of these issues and discusses methods for obtaining parental consent. These issues may be applicable to consent for the storage and use of biospecimens among other settings according to proposed changes to the Common Rule.

关键词： Residual dried Blood Spots (DBS) Newborn Screening (NBS) Public Health Population Research

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