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Development of ZnTe film with high copper doping efficiency for solar cells

Chinese Physics B 2022年第10期31卷 599-606页

作者： Xin-Lu Lin Wen-Xiong Zhao Qiu-Chen Wu Yu-Feng Zhang Hasitha Mahabaduge Xiang-Xin Liu Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Georgia College and State University MilledgevilleGA 31061USA Institute of Qilu Zhongke Electrical Advanced Electromagnetic Drive Technology Jinan 250101China

Since a hole barrier was formed in back contact due to mismatch of work function, the back contact material for CdTe cell has been a significant research direction. The ZnTe:Cu is an ideal back contact material, which reduces the valence band discontinuity and can be used as the electron back reflection layer to inhibit interface recombination. The conductivity of ZnTe:Cu film is improved by applying RF-coupled DC sputtering and post-deposition heat treatment. The doping efficiency is computed as the ratio of free hole density and copper concentration, which can be correlated with performance for CdTe-based solar cell. The higher doping efficiency means that more copper atoms substitute for Zn sites in ZnTe lattices and less mobilized copper atoms remain which can enter into the CdTe absorber layer. Copper atoms are suspected as dominant element for CdTe-based cell degradation. After optimizing the ZnTe:Cu films, a systematic study is carried out to incorporate ZnTe:Cu film into CdTe solar cell. The EQE spectrum is kept relatively stable over the long wavelength range without decreasing. It is proved that the conduction band barrier of device with ZnTe:Cu/Au contact material has an effect on the EQE response, which works as free electron barrier and reduces the recombination rate of free carrier. According to the dark J-V data or the light J-V data in the linear region, the current indicates that the intercept gives the diode reverse saturation current. The results of ideality factor indicate that the dominant recombination occurs in the space charge region. In addition, the space charge density and depletion width of solar cell can be estimated by C-V profiling.

关键词： solar cell radio frequency sputtering doping efficiency post-deposition heat treatment

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Improvement of doping efficiency in Mg-Al_(0.14)Ga_(0.86)N/GaN superlattices with AlN interlayer by suppressing donor-like defects

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Chinese Physics B 2012年第11期21卷 402-407页

作者：刘宁炀刘磊王磊杨薇李丁李磊曹文彧鲁辞莽万成昊陈伟华胡晓东 State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics School of PhysicsPeking University

We investigate the mechanism for the improvement of p-type doping efficiency in Mg-Al0.14Ga0.86N/GaN super- lattices （SLs）. It is shown that the hole concentration of SLs increases by nearly an order of magnitude, from 1.1 × 1017 to 9.3×1017 cm-3, when an AlN interlayer is inserted to modulate the strains. SchrSdinger-Poisson self-consistent calculations suggest that such an increase could be attributed to the reduction of donor-like defects caused by the strain modulation induced by the AlN interlayer. Additionally, the donor-acceptor pair emission exhibits a remarkable decrease in intensity of the cathodoluminescence spectrumlfor SLs with an A1N interlayer. This supports the theoretical calculations and indicates that the strain modulation of SLs could be beneficial to the donor-like defect suppression as well as the p-type doping efficiency improvement.

关键词： superlattice doping efficiency strain modulation nitrogen vacancy

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Control Aggregation of P3HT in Solution for High efficiency doping:Ensuring Structural Order and the Distribution of Dopants

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2023年第5期41卷 811-823,I0012页

作者： Duo Liu Jun-Hang Li Si-Chun Wang Lu Zhang Xin-Yu Liu Qiang Zhang Yan-Chun Han State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Molecular doping is one of the most important tools to manipulate the electrical properties of conjugated polymers for application in organic *** polymer crystallinity and distribution position of the dopant crucially determine electrical conductivity of the doped ***,in solution-mixed doping,the interplay between polymer and dopant leads to highly structural disorder of polymer and random arrangement of ***,we propose a strategy to ensure the dopant induced polarons have high charge dissociation and transport by letting the conjugated polymers aggregate in the marginal solvent solution by cooling it from higher temperature to room *** select poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)(P3HT)solution doped by 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane(F4TCNQ)as a model system.P3HT crystallizes in the marginal solvent,such as 1,1,2-trichloroethane(TCE)driven by the favorπ-πinteraction between planar polymer *** dopant F4TCNQ enters the alkyl side chain region not theπ-πstacking region and thus guarantees high crystallinity and theπ-πinteraction of *** distribution of F4TCNQ which away from the polymer backbone to ensure higher charge dissociation and ***,we obtained a high conductivity value of 23 S/cm by doping P3HT with 20%F4TCNQ by using the marginal solvent,which is higher than doping P3HT with a disordered coil conformation in chlorobenzene(CB)of 7 S/cm,which the dopants enter both the alkyl side chain region and theπ-πstacking region.

关键词： Solvent Crystalline Dopant location doping efficiency Electrical conductivity

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The critical role of energetic fluctuations in charge separation for efficient molecular doping of organic semiconductors

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第11期67卷 3675-3680页

作者： Yan Zeng Guangchao Han Yuanping Yi Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Molecular doping is essential to improve the electrical conductivity of organic semiconductors for high-performance organic electronic devices. However, the doping efficiency is influenced by several factors, such as the energy levels, energetic fluctuations, dielectric properties, and molecular packing structures of the doped films, and the underlying mechanisms for highefficiency doping are still unclear. Here, through multi-level theoretical simulations on a series of fullerene derivatives, we identify that the energetic fluctuations can play a decisive role in activating charge separation for molecular doping. In particular,the doping efficiency appears to be exponentially increased with the fluctuation of charge polarization energies. Therefore,although the charge mobility is somewhat decreased, the experimental electrical conductivity is improved with the increased energetic fluctuation. Moreover, it has been found that polarization energy fluctuation can be effectively enhanced by simply introducing side chains with greater flexibility into organic semiconductors. This article paves the way towards high-efficiency molecular doping of organic semiconductors.

关键词： doping efficiency polarization energies energetic fluctuations organic semiconductors

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Investigation on halogen-doped n-type SnTe thermoelectrics

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Rare Metals 2022年第11期41卷 3803-3814页

作者： Chang-Rong Guo Bing-Chao Qin Dong-Yang Wang Li-Dong Zhao School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China

Recent theoretical predictions and experimental findings on the transport properties of n-type SnTe have triggered extensive researches on this simple binary compound,despite the realization of n-type SnTe being a great ***,Cl as a donor dopant can effectively regulate the position of Fermi level in Sn_(0.6)Pb_(0.4)Te matrix and successfully achieve the n-type transport behavior in *** outstanding power factor of~14.7μW·cm^(-1)·K^(-2) at 300 K was obtained for Cl-doped Sn_(0.6)Pb_(0.4)Te *** combining the experimental analysis with theoretical calculations,the transport properties of n-type SnTe thermoelectrics doped with different halogen dopants(Cl,Br,and I)were then systematically investigated and *** results demonstrated that Br and I had better doping efficiencies compared with Cl,which contributed to the well-optimized carrier concentrations of~1.03×10^(19)and~1.11×10^(19)cm^(-3)at 300 K,*** improved n-type carrier concentrations effectively lead to the significant enhancement on the thermoelectric performance of n-type *** study further promoted the experimental progress and deep interpretation of the transport features in n-type SnTe *** present results could also be crucial for the development of n-type counterparts for SnTe-based thermoelectric devices.

关键词： Thermoelectric performance n-type SnTe Halogen doping doping efficiency

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Modulation of electrical and optical properties of gallium-doped ZnO films by radio frequency magnetron sputtering

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Chinese Physics B 2012年第6期21卷 478-484页

作者：梁爽梅增霞杜小龙 Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

Ga-doped ZnO （GZO） films are prepared on amorphous glass substrates at room temperature by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The results reveal that the gallium doping efficiency, which will have an important influence on the electrical and optical properties of the film, can be governed greatly by the deposition pressure and film thickness. The position shifts of the ZnO （002） peaks in X-ray diffraction （XRD） measurements and the varied Hall mobility and carrier concentration confirms this result. The low Hall mobility is attributed to the grain boundary barrier scattering. The estimated height of barrier decreases with the increase of carrier concentration, and the trapping state density is nearly constant. According to defect formation energies and relevant chemical reactions, the photoluminescence （PL） peaks at 2.46 eV and 3.07 eV are attributed to oxygen vacancies and zinc vacancies, respectively. The substitution of more Ga atoms for Zn vacancies with the increase in film thickness is also confirmed by the PL spectrum. The obvious blueshift of the optical bandgap with an increase of carrier concentration is explained well by the Burstein Moss （BM） effect. The bandgap difference between 3.18 eV and 3.37 eV, about 0.2 eV, is attributed to the metal-semiconductor transition.

关键词： doping efficiency Hall mobility photoluminescence Burstein-Moss effect

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