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Genomes reveal selective sweeps in kiang and donkey for high-altitude adaptation

Zoological Research 2021年第4期42卷 450-460页

作者： Lin Zeng He-Qun Liu Xiao-Long Tu Chang-Mian Ji Xiao Gou Ali Esmailizadeh Sheng Wang Ming-Shan Wang Ming-Cheng Wang Xiao-Long Li Hadi Charati Adeniyi CAdeola Rahamon Akinyele Moshood Adedokun Olatunbosun Oladipo Sunday Charles Olaogun Oscar JSanke Mangbon Godwin F Sheila Cecily Ommeh Bernard Agwanda Jacqueline Kasiiti Lichoti Jian-Lin Han Hong-Kun Zheng Chang-Fa Wang Ya-Ping Zhang Laurent A.F.Frantz Dong-Dong Wu State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions Institute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikouHainan 571101China College of Animal Science and Technology Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingYunnan 650201China Department of Animal Science Faculty of AgricultureShahid Bahonar University of KermanKermanPB 76169-133Iran Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650204China Sino-Africa Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Institute of Three-River-Source National Park Chinese Academy of SciencesXiningQinghai 810008China School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E14NSUK Department of Genetics Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkNY 10461USA Annoroad Gene Tech.(Beijing)Co. Ltd.Beijing 100176China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic AnimalsGermplasm Bank of Wild SpeciesKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Department of Veterinary Medicine University of IbadanIbadan 200284Nigeria Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology Moor-PlantationIbadan 234102Nigeria Taraba State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources Jalingo 660221Nigeria Division of Veterinary Office Serti 663101Nigeria Institute For Biotechnology Research Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi 62000-00200Kenya Department of Zoology National Museums of KenyaNairobi 40658-00100Kenya State Department of Livestock Ministry of AgricultureLivestockFisheries and IrrigationN

Over the last several hundred years,donkeys have adapted to high-altitude conditions on the Tibetan Plateau.Interestingly,the kiang,a closely related equid species,also inhabits this region.Previous reports have demonstrated the importance of specific genes and adaptive introgression in divergent lineages for adaptation to hypoxic conditions on the Tibetan Plateau.Here,we assessed whether donkeys and kiangs adapted to the Tibetan Plateau via the same or different biological pathways and whether adaptive introgression has occurred.We assembled a de novo genome from a kiang individual and analyzed the genomes of five kiangs and 93 donkeys(including 24 from the Tibetan Plateau).Our analyses suggested the existence of a strong hard selective sweep at the EPAS1 locus in kiangs.In Tibetan donkeys,however,another gene,i.e.,EGLN1,was likely involved in their adaptation to high altitude.In addition,admixture analysis found no evidence for interspecific gene flow between kiangs and Tibetan donkeys.Our findings indicate that despite the short evolutionary time scale since the arrival of donkeys on the Tibetan Plateau,as well as the existence of a closely related species already adapted to hypoxia,Tibetan donkeys did not acquire adaptation via admixture but instead evolved adaptations via a different biological pathway.

关键词： Kiang donkey High altitude Adaptation Selection

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Management Practices, Utilization and Challenges of donkey in Godey Town, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2022年第4期12卷 616-628页

作者： Guled Hassen Kawnin Abdimahad Kiflay Welday Abdihakim Ma’alin Abdulahi Mahamed Aden Omer Department of Animal and Range Sciences College of Dry Land Agriculture Jigjiga University Jigjiga Ethiopia

The study was conducted in Godey town of Shebelle zone, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia. The objective of the study was to assess management practices, utilization, and challenges of donkey. A total of 200 households who own working donkeys were selected purposely for this study. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires, key informants interviews, focus group discussions with communities who own donkeys and personal observations. The study revealed that the majority of the respondents were illiterate which might be associated with poor education access in the area. The study further revealed that 92% of working donkeys were involved in drought work, whereas 18% were used for pack work. The common feed resources for donkeys were feeds obtained from natural pasture, green maize leaves, hay, household wastes and grain supplements. Pipe water, river water, and pond water were the main water sources for working donkeys in the study area. About 91% of households kept their donkeys in an open backyard, while 9% of them kept them in a separate shed built adjacent to or a short distance away from the family home. donkeys provide cart services in the study area, transporting various items weighing more than 300 kg in order to obtain a high benefit in a short period of time and are more than six days per week. Working donkeys in the current study area had a life span of fewer than 6 years, 7 - 10 years, and more than 10 years, with 18.5%, 75.5%, and 6%, respectively. The most important constraints that affect donkey production and utilization in the study area were a lack of feed, health problems (sickness, wounds, etc.), overloading and overworking, poor road and harnessing problems, and poor attitude/lack of awareness. As a result, in order to enhance working donkey management concerns, area-based development interventions that can overcome current constraints should be employed.

关键词： donkey Management Practices Utilization Challenges

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Proviral genomic sequence analysis of Chinese donkey leukocyte attenuated equine infectious anemia virus vaccine and its parental virus strain Liaoning

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2002年第1期45卷 57-67页

作者：王柳杨志彪王玫童光志仇华吉刘红全孔宪刚 National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology Harbin Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin 150001 China

Proviral DNA was extracted from donkey leukocyte infected with Chinese donkey leukocyte attenuated equine infectious anemia virus(DLA-EIAV), and peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBL) from a horse infected with the virulent EIAV strain Liaoning(EIAV L). The entire proviral DNA from both viruses was cloned and sequenced. The lengths of complete genomic sequences of DLA-EIAV and EIAV L provirus were 8266 bp and 8235 bp, respectively. Sequence comparison indicated that DLA-EIAV shares 97.0% and 97.5% in sequence homology with EIAV L and donkey-adapted EIAV(DA-EIAV), respectively. Lots of variations occurred in long terminal repeat(LTR, consisting of U3, R, U5), ORF S2, and env regions between DLA-EIAV and EIAV L. The nucleotide sequence differences of the two viruses in U3, R, U5, ORF S2, and env are 13.2%, 7.5%, 5.1%, 3.9%, and 2.7%, respectively, and predicted amino acid sequence differences in env and S2 coding regions are 4.4% and 8.8%, respectively. Six conserved regions are characterized in Gp90. There is a cis-activating GATA motif in ENH of DLA-EIAV and EIAV L. Two N-linked glycosylation sites disappeared in DLA-EIAV Gp90 in comparison with that of EIAV L. A bHLH transcription factor binding consensus sequence was found in LTR of DLA-EIAV but not in EIAV L. Furthermore, there is a mutation in the stem of DLA-EIAV TAR resulting in formation of a uridine tuber. Further study is needed to uncover the relationship between sequence changes and their biological functions of DLA-EIAV and L.

关键词： equine infectious anemia virus(EIAV), donkey leukocyte attenuated(DLA) strain, L strain, sequence analysis.

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The Emerging Trade in donkey Hide: An Opportunity or a Threat for Communities in Kenya?

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第9期10卷 1152-1177页

作者： Gemma Carder Oscar Ingasia Evans Ngenoh Samuel Theuri Desmond Rono Philemon Langat Brooke London UK Brooklyn Economic Consulting Ltd. Nairobi Kenya Brooke (East Africa) Nairobi Kenya

donkey hides are used in a form of Traditional Chinese medicine called ejiao, the demand for ejiao is currently so high the global donkey population is currently in decline. Africa’s donkey population is considered a key source for the trade, with Kenya being highlighted as being particularly affected. In Kenya donkeys play a vital contribution to people’s livelihoods;this study aimed to explore the potential impact of the donkey hide trade on small holder farmer’s livelihoods. The study was conducted in five counties in Kenya;data was collected using household survey questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. When household survey participants (n = 421) were asked if the number of donkeys in their herd had decreased within the last two years 34.2% (n = 144) reported a decrease, of those 43.8% (n = 63) reported the selling of donkeys as the primary cause of reduction in herd size. Increased money spent on the transportation of farm produce, water and firewood was the most frequently reported effect of the loss of donkeys (62.5%, n = 263). Some focus group discussion participants said that they had previously sold their donkeys to raise money for school fees, likewise 43% (n = 97) of focus group discussion participants said that they would sell their donkeys to pay medical bills. Results from the study suggest that small holder farmers are choosing to sell their donkeys for an instant boost in income, but long-term this is unlikely to be a sustainable livelihood option.

关键词： donkey Hide Trade Kenya Livelihoods Traditional Chinese Medicine Ejiao Working Equids

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Effects of Age on Chemical Composition and Tenderness of Muscle <i>Longissimus thoracis</i>of Martina Franca donkey Breed

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2011年第3期2卷 225-227页

作者： P. Polidori D. Beghelli C. Cavallucci S. Vincenzetti 不详

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of age on chemical composition and tenderness of donkey meat. These characteristics were determined on Longissimus thoracis samples taken from 40 entire donkey males of Martina Franca breed slaughtered at 12 (Group 1, n = 20) and at 18 months (Group 2, n = 20) of age. Tenderness was evalu-ated at two and seven days post slaughter using a Warner-Bratzler shear force device. The chemical composition showed a significant increase in protein content (P donkeys slaughtered at 18 months of age (22.3 g/100 g) compared to the meat of younger animals (21.4 g/100 g). Intramuscular fat content was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in Group 1 (2.41 g/100 g) compared to Group 2 (3.71 g/100 g). Shear force values at seven days post slaughter were significantly (P < 0.01) lower (5.15 ± 0.31 kg/cm2) in Group 1 compared with the results obtained at two days post slaughter (6.25 ± 0.53 kg/cm2). In Group 2 shear force values obtained seven days post mortem were higher (5.88 ± 0.23 kg/cm2) compared with Group 1 after the same ageing period but significantly (P < 0.05) lower if compared with those (6.53 ± 0.23 kg/cm2) determined in the same animals two days post slaugher.

关键词： donkey Meat Martina Franca Chemical Composition Tenderness

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Genomic analyses reveal distinct genetic architectures and selective pressures in Chinese donkeys

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2021年第8期48卷 737-745页

作者： Jiafei Shen Jie Yu Xuelei Da Mei Li Gang Wang Ningbo Chen Hong Chen Chuzhao Lei Ruihua Dang Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi ProvinceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangtingShaanxi 712100China

donkey(Equus asinus)is an important livestock animal in China because of its draft and medicinal value.After a long period of natural and artificial selection,the variety and phenotype of donkeys have become abundant.We clarified the genetic and demographic characteristics of Chinese domestic donkeys and the selection pressures by analyzing 78 whole genomes from 12 breeds.According to population structure,most Chinese domestic donkeys showed a dominant ancestral type.However,the Chinese donkeys still represented a significant geographical distribution trend.In the selective sweep,gene annotation,functional enrichment,and differential expression analyses between large and small donkey groups,we identified selective signals,including NCAPG and LCORL,which are related to rapid growth and large body size.Our findings elucidate the evolutionary history and formation of different donkey breeds and provide theoretical insights into the genetic mechanism underlying breed characteristics and molecular breeding programs of donkey clades.

关键词： donkey Whole-genome resequencing NCAPG LCORL

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A comprehensive review on bioactive peptides derived from milk and milkproducts of minor dairy species

Food Production, Processing and Nutrition

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2021年第1期3卷 11-31页

作者： Snigdha Guha Heena Sharma Gaurav Kr Deshwal Priyanka Singh Rao Department of Food Science and Technology University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588-6205USA Food Technology Laboratory Dairy Technology DivisionNational Dairy Research Institute(ICAR-NDRI)KarnalHaryana 132001India Dairy Chemistry and Bacteriology Section Southern Regional Station-National Dairy Research InstituteBengaluru 560030India

Milk from different species has been exploited for the isolation of various functional ingredients for decades.Irrespective of the source,milk is considered as a complete food,as it provides essential nutrients required by the human body.Proteins and their fractions are valuable sources of bioactive peptides that might exert a health beneficial role in the human body such as immune-modulation,antioxidant activity,ACE-inhibitory activity,anti-neoplastic,anti-microbial,etc.In milk,bioactive peptides may either be present in their natural form or released from their parental proteins due to enzymatic action.The increasing interest in bioactive peptides among researchers has lately augmented the exploration of minor dairy species such as sheep,goat,camel,mithun,mare,and donkey.Alternative to cow,milk from minor dairy species have also been proven to be healthier from infancy to older age owing to their higher digestibility and other nutritive components.Therefore,realizing the significance of milk from such species and incentivized interest towards the derivatization of bioactive peptides,the present review highlights the significant research achievements on bioactive peptides from milk and milk products of minor dairy species.

关键词： Milk protein Bioactive peptides Camel Goat Sheep donkey

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Zearalenone exposure enhanced the expression of tumorigenesis genes in donkey granulosa cells via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

Zearalenone exposure enhanced the expression of tumorigenesi...

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第六届(2020)中国驴业发展大会暨首届张家口特色牧业...

作者： Guo-Liang Zhang Yu-Jiang Sun Qingdao Agricultural University

Zearalenone(ZEA) is a natural contaminant existing in food and feed products that exhibits a negative effect on domestic animals’ reproduction.donkeys possess high economic value in China and are at risk of exposure to ZEA.However, few information is available on ZEA-induced toxicity and no report on toxicity in donkeys can be found in scientific literature.We investigated the biological effects of ZEA exposure on donkey granulosa cells by using RNA-seq analysis.ZEA at 10 and 30 μM were administered to granulosa cells within 72 hours of in vitro culture.ZEA at 10 μM significantly altered the tumorigenesis associated genes in donkey granulosa cells.Exposure to 10 and 30 μM ZEA treatment significantly reduced m RNA expression of PTEN,TGFβ, ATM, and CDK2 genes, particularly, the ZEA treatment significantly increased the expression of PI3 K and AKT genes.Furthermore, immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, and Western blot analysis verified the gene expression of ZEA-exposed granulosa cells.Collectively, these results demonstrated the deleterious effect of ZEA exposure on the induction of ovarian cancer related genes via the PTEN/PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway in donkey granulosa cells in vitro.

关键词： donkey granulosa cells tumorigenesis gene expression RNA-seq

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New Technique for Medial Patellar Desmotomy in Cattle and donkeys

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2017年第10期7卷 144-150页

作者： Mohamed Wefky El Sherif Sherif Department of Animal Surgery Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Assiut University New Valley Egypt

The present technique is designed to transect the medial patellar ligament indicated for treatment of upward fixation of patella in cattle and donkeys. A medial patellar desmotomy was performed first on cadavers and then on 21 live cattle or donkeys. In live animals under local anesthesia, a sterile silk strand (USP 1) mounted on a curved needle is inserted through skin at the medial aspect of the medial patellar ligament to the subcutaneous fascia and directed beneath the ligament to emerge at opposite side. The silk is then sawed to cut the ligament. In contrast to other procedures, the desmotomy is less invasive as skin at the surgical site is not incised, pericapsular fat and joint capsules not invaded, and the ligament is fully transected in a one-step procedure. Minimal tissue invasiveness limited infection of surgical site, minimized bleeding, and decreased related postoperative consequences.

关键词： Patella Desmotomy donkey Cattle Upward Fixation

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<i>In Vivo</i>Evaluations of Emulsion O/W for a New Topical Anti-Aging Formulation: Short-Term and Long-Term Efficacy

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2018年第3期8卷 110-125页

作者： Sergio Mazzulla Dante Anile Silvia De Sio Annalisa Scaglione Marco De Seta Adelaide Anile Department Biology Ecology and Heart Sci. (DiBest) University of Calabria Rende Italy Masder Research Area Laboratorio Masder Marano Principato (CS) Italy Apollinea Lab. S.r.l. Masseria Cosentino Lauria (PZ) Italy

This study aims to evaluate the in vivo efficacy in terms of elasticity, hydration and anti-wrinkle enhancement of a new cosmetic cream formulation: Apollinea anti-ageing facial cream. The latter is O/W (oil/water) emulsion with high volume percentages of snail secretion filtrate and donkey milk serum in its composition. The investigation has been performed on (twelve) healthy subjects: 8 (eight) females, and 4 (four) males, all presenting evident skin wrinkles in typical facial areas (e.g. forehead and eye contour). The subjects had to apply about 2 grams of Apollinea anti-ageing facial cream every day. The efficacy of the new cosmetic formulation was assessed before and after the cosmetic treatment, precisely 2 hours, to assess the short-term efficacy, and 40 days after, this to evaluate the product long-term efficacy. Elasticity enhancements have been tested through measurements of the viscoelastic properties of the skin, whereas the hydration parameter through measurements of the skin and subcutaneous tissues dielectric constant. All the latter measurements have been performed with specific instrumentation, as discussed more in detail in the following. To evaluate the anti-wrinkles efficacy instead, we proceeded with digital camera imaging and image analysis processed through ImageJ software. The new Apollinea facial cream cosmetic formulation, based on donkey milk whey and snail secretion filtrate from Helix Aspersa Müller, showed significant enhancement effects on skin elasticity and hydration as well as an important skin-wrinkles-reduction.

关键词： Skin Wrinkles Anti-Aging Snail Secretion Filtrate donkey Serum

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