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Removal of roosters alters the domestic phenotype and microbial and genetic profile of hens

Science China(Life Sciences) 2021年第11期64卷 1964-1976页

作者： Hai Xiang Siyu Chen Hui Zhang Xu Zhu Dan Wang Huagui Liu Jikun Wang Tao Yin Langqing Liu Minghua Kong Jian Zhang Hua Li Simon Turner Xingbo Zhao Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding School of Life Science and EngineeringFoshan UniversityFoshan 528225China National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and ReproductionMinistry of AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Ministry of EducationInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengdu 610041China Animal and Veterinary Sciences Research Group Scotland’s Rural CollegeEdinburghEH93JGUK

Hens are raised apart from roosters in modern poultry production, a substantial change from their natural social structure. We compared productivity, injuries, behavior, physiology, microbiome and transcriptome of hens housed with(R+) or without(R–)roosters to quantify the effects of this change in social structure. Hens were raised free-range from 70 to 280 days when 30 birds per treatment were assigned to battery cages until Day 315(R+C vs. R–C), while 30 birds per treatment remained in free-range pens(R+F vs. R–F). Response to a novel environment and object, behavioral time budgets, cecum microbiome, blood composition and transcriptomic sequencing of thigh muscle and spleen were analyzed. Hens housed without roosters showed better survival, consumed less food, produced more eggs and had better feed conversion. R+F hens clustered around the rooster and were less mobile in the novel environment and object tests. R+F hens displayed the richest microbiome, and the presence of roosters resulted in differentially expressed genes related to muscle development, cellular processes, environmental information processing and immune function. Removing roosters from housed hens intensified desirable characteristics favored by domestication probably operating by deprivation of mating behavior and reduced fear, along with altered microbial and genetic function.

关键词： chicken domestic phenotype fear gut microbiome rooster transcriptome

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