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The Crop Journal 2019年第1期7卷 1-7页

作者： Joab K.Tugume Geoffrey Tusiime Allan Male Sekamate Robin Buruchara Clare Mugisha Mukankusi Makerere University Department of Agricultural Production International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)/Pan African Bean Research Alliance (PABRA)

Common bacterial blight(CBB) is associated with common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.), an important grain legume for human consumption worldwide. The disease, caused by Xanthomonas spp. is spread mainly through seed. This paper focuses on the diversity of *** pv. phaseoli and X. fuscans subsp. fuscans and interactions between related bacteria and the bean host. Review has suggested that the diversity and taxonomic studies of these pathogens are not exhaustive, especially in areas where detailed molecular analysis has not been conducted and previous characterizations were based on phenotypic features and PCR-based techniques. Also, no study has confirmed differential pathogenicity on bean genotypes based on compatible versus incompatible reactions. However, isolates react differently to wild and domesticated bean sources of resistance in common bean genetic backgrounds. A systematic approach will be required to investigate global changes in gene expression among different sources of resistance in a common bean *** bacterial isolates that cause CBB should be functionally characterized using genotypes containing major quantitative trait loci(QTL) for CBB resistance. These studies will increase understanding of resistance and how it is manipulated by pathogens.

关键词： Xanthomonas axonopodis Interaction Gene expression diversity

diversity,Distribution and Prioritization of Fodder Species for Conservation in Kullu District,Northwestern Himalaya,India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2007年第3期4卷 259-274页

作者： S. S. Samant Man Singh Manohar Lal Shreekar Pant G.B.Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development Himachal UnitMohal-Kullu175 126Himachal PradeshIndia

In the Indian Himalayan Region predominantly rural in character, livestock is one of the main sources of livelihood and integral part of the economy. Livestock mostly rely on fodder from wild. The diversity, distribution, utilization pattern, nativity, endemism, rarity, seasonality of availability, nutritive values, perceived economic values and pressure use index of livestock have not been studied. The present study attempts to enumerate 150 species of fodder representing trees (51 spp.), shrubs (54 spp.) and herbs (45 spp.). Poaceae (19 spp.) and Fabaceae (13 spp.) amongst families and Salix (6 spp.), Ficus, Clematis, and Desmodium (5 spp., each) amongst genera are rich in species. Maximum species were found in the 1801 ~ 2600 m zone, and the remaining two zones showed relatively low diversity. Out of the 150 species, 109 are used in summer, 5 winter and 36 throughout year. During rainy season, mostly grasses are used as fodder. Only 83 species are native to the Himalayan region, one species, Strobilanthus atropuroureus is endemic and 35 species are near endemic. The nutritive values of the fodder species were reviewed, and economic values and status of the species were also assessed. The pressure use index of the species was calculated on the basis of cumulative values of the utilization pattern, altitudinal distribution, availability, status, nativity and endemism. Amongst the species, Grewia oppositifoilia, Morus serrata, Indigofera heterantha, Quercus leucotrichphora, Ulmus villosa, U. wallichiana and Aesculus indica showed highest PUI indicating high preference and pressure. Season wise prioritization of the species for different altitudinal zones has been done. Appropriate strategy and action plan have been suggested for the conservation and management of fodder species.

关键词： diversity utilization native endemic nutritive and economic value pressure use index prioritization conservation Indian Himalayan Region

diversity of Growth Habits and Their Association with VRN Allele of 81 American Wheat Lines

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第12期9卷 1705-1712页

作者： JI Gui-su BAI Gui-hua ZHANG Qing-jiang Millet Crops Institute/National Millet Crops improvement Center Hebei Academy of Agricultural ＆ Forestry Sciences Shijiazhuang 050031 P.R. China Plant Science and Entomology Research Unit USDA-ARS/Kansas State University Manhattan KS 66503 USA

Eighty-one wheat accessions including 50 southern regional performance nursery （SRPN） lines and 31 northern regional performance nursery （NRPN） lines from the United States were tested to evaluate the growth habit by chilling treatments and to estimate the VRN allele variation with 19 pairs of published VRN primers. Two spring wheat accessions and 44 semi-spring wheat accessions were confirmed based on their chilling days＇ requirement and polymorphism was found at VRN loci. The Vrn-A1 allele had the highest frequency in the RPN accessions and VA1-CAPs markers identified growth habit of RPN lines. No polymorphism was found at the VRN3 loci and some polymorphism at the region of promoter and the first intron of VRN1 was not always consistent to growth habit in the wheat RPN accessions. The existence of variation in VRN alleles suggested that singly using the dominant Vrn allele is possible to extend the diversity of wheat accessions and improve their adaption to different environments in autumn-sowing region. This information will be useful for the cultivars exploitation and wheat breeding program.

关键词： wheat growth habit identification VRN allele diversity

diversity and paleobiogeographic distribution patterns of Early and Middle Ordovician graptolites in distinct depositional environments of South China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第12期53卷 1811-1827页

作者： Dan GOLDMAN Department of Geology College of Arts and SciencesUniversity of Dayton300 College ParkDaytonOhio 45469-2364USA

An analysis of Ordovician graptolite diversity across several distinct lithofacies belts in South China,which represent nearshore,inner-shelf,outer-shelf,slope,and basin environments,indicates that diversity increases progressively from nearshore toward the outer-shelf,acquiring its maximum in the slope facies and thereafter decreases slightly in basinal *** scaled against graptolite zones and more equal duration 'Time Units',the graptolite diversity patterns of the Early and Middle Ordovician are broadly similar among the distinct environments of South China but exhibit some important differences.A synthesized graptolite diversity curve from the Early Ordovician to the Sandbian Stage of the Late Ordovician in South China displays a step-wise increase with three peaks:1) middle Floian(Early Ordovician),2) late Dapingian-early Darriwilian(Middle Ordovician),and 3) latest Darriwilian(Middle Ordovician),which closely coincide with transgressive events in South China,implying a likely *** biogeographic distribution of four graptolites with different ecological preferences,Pseudisograptus,Isograptus-Parisograptus,Undulograptus austrodentatus,and Corymbograptus turgidus,displays a significant parallelism with the coast or shelf margin,suggesting that their distributions may be controlled by water depth,basin morphology,and the distance from the coast.

关键词： Ordovician graptolites diversity biogeography paleoenvironment South China

diversity and trait-specific sources for productivity and nutritional traits in the global proso millet(Panicum miliaceum L.) germplasm collection

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The Crop Journal 2018年第5期6卷 451-463页

作者： Mani Vetriventhan Hari D.Upadhyaya Genebank International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Department of Agronomy Kansas State University The UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia

Proso millet is an important short-duration crop that adapts well to varied climatic conditions and is grown worldwide for food,feed and fodder *** to a lack of genetic improvement,the crop has experienced no yield improvement and provides low income to *** this study,200 accessions of proso millet originating in 30 countries were evaluated in two rainy seasons to assess phenotypic diversity for morpho-agronomic and grain nutritional traits and to identify high grain-yielding and grain nutrient-rich *** millet diversity was structured by geographical region,by country within region,and by racial *** patentissimum showed high diversity and ovatum low diversity,and diverged widely from each *** lowest divergence was observed between races compactum and *** high grain-yielding,10 large-seeded,and 26 two or more grain nutrients-rich accessions were identified,and highly diverse pairs of accessions within and between trait groups were *** included IPm 9 and IPm2661 for high grain yield and large seed size;and IPm 2069,IPm 2076,and IPm 2537 for high Fe,Zn,Ca,and protein *** 2875 had a seed coat that is readily removed by *** study provides valuable information to proso millet researchers about agronomic and nutritional traits in accessions that could be tested for regional adaption and yield for direct release as cultivars,and could be used in breeding for developing high grain-yielding and nutrient-rich cultivars.

关键词： Proso millet Common millet diversity Race Germplasm Grain nutrient

diversity of non-timber forest products in Cachar District, Assam, India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 463-470页

作者： Shovan Dattagupta Abhik Gupta Manoranjan Ghose Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Assam University Biological Sciences Division Indian Statistical Institute

We identified 67 and 21 NTFP-yielding plant and animal species, respectively, in a reserve forest in Cachar district of Assam. We recorded globally threatened species listed by IUCN as Critically Endangered （plant species Dipterocarpus turbinatus）, Vulnerable （plant species Aquillaria malaccensis）, Endangered （animal species Hoolock hoolock, Indotestudo elongata and Manis pentadactyla）, and Vulnerable （animal species Nilssonia hurum and Rusa unicolor）. The whole plant or animal and/or their various parts were used as food or medicine, in house construction, magico-religious activities and others. While some NTFPs were harvested throughout the year, others were harvested seasonally. A comprehensive NTFP policy, along with scientific measures for regen- eration, restoration and augmentation of NTFP-yielding plants and animals, would help in addressing the conflicting demands of conservation and livelihood in the forests of this area.

关键词： Non-timber forest product (NTFP) lndo-Burma biodiversity hotspot Assam IUCN red list diversity threatened taxa

diversity and conservation of Chinese wild begonias

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Plant diversity 2018年第3期40卷 75-90页

作者： Daike Tian Yan Xiao Yi Tong Naifeng Fu Qingqing Liu Chun Li Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden Shanghai 201602 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources Shanghai 201602 China Lushan Forestry Bureau Ya'an 625600 Sichuan China

Begonia, one of the most diverse plant taxa and the fifth or sixth largest angiosperm genus, consists of over1800 accepted species. The number of species recognized within this genus has greatly increased over the past 20 years, rising from 80 to 200 species in China alone. Based on recent field surveys, the number of begonia species in China is predicted to be between 250 and 300. Given the large number of begonia species that still remain to be described, further taxonomical work is urgently required. This is especially true for Chinese Begonia, in which there is a huge diversity of habitat, habit, plant size, leaf type, flower and fruit morphology, and most species are narrowly distributed in isolated habitats that are subject to negative disturbances from climate change, as well as agricultural and industrial activities. Although the conservation status for the majority of species has been evaluated using the standards of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the results don't represent the truth in many species, and also about11.5% of which are data-absent. In addition, illegal collection and over-harvesting of wild begonias for ornamental or medicinal use has increased due to the rapid development of internet commerce. Far more often than predicted, these species should be categorized as rare and endangered and require immediate protection. Ex situ conservation of Chinese begonias started in 1995 and over 60% of the total species have been so far introduced into cultivation by several major botanical gardens in China. However, only few research institutions, limited funds and human resources have been involved in Begonia conservation;moreover, no project has conducted reintroduction. Therefore, more conservation-based work remains to be done. Improved conservation of Chinese begonias in the future depends on further field survey, an improved understanding of population diversity, and integrative approaches, including in situ and ex situ conservat

关键词： Begonia Germplasm diversity Conservation Taxonomic status China

diversity of soil bacteria and fungi communities in artificial forests of the sandy-hilly region of Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2023年第1期15卷 109-126页

作者： GOU Qianqian MA Gailing QU Jianjun WANG Guohua College of Geographical Sciences Shanxi Normal UniversityTaiyuan 030000China Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Laboratory of Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Linze Inland River Basin Comprehensive Research StationChinese Ecosystem Research NetworkNorthwest Institute of Ecology and Environmental ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Soil erosion is a serious issue in the sandy-hilly region of Shanxi Province,Northwest *** has been gradual improvement due to vegetation restoration,but soil microbial community characteristics in different vegetation plantation types have not been widely *** address this,we analyzed soil bacterial and fungal community structures,diversity,and microbial and soil environmental factors in Caragana korshinskii Kom.,Populus tomentosa Carr.,Populus simonii Carr.,Salix matsudana Koidz,and Pinus tabulaeformis *** were no significant differences in the dominant bacterial community compositions among the five forest *** alpha diversity of the bacteria and fungi communities showed that ACE(abundance-based coverage estimator),Chao1,and Shannon indices in *** forest were significantly higher than those in the other four forest types(Pdiversity,and soil fertility,we ranked the plantations from most to least suitable as follows:***,***,***,***,and ***.

关键词： microbial community composition artificial forest bacteria fungi diversity sandy-hilly region

diversity of the aerobic anoxygenic phototrophy gene pufM in Arctic and Antarctic coastal seawaters

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2016年第6期35卷 68-77页

作者： ZENG Yinxin DONG Peiyan QIAO Zongyun ZHENG Tianling Key Laboratory for Polar Science of State Oceanic Administration Polar Research Institute of China College of Biological Engineering Jimei University State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science School of Life SciencesXiamen University

Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic（AAP） bacteria serve important functions in marine carbon and energy cycling because of their capability to utilize dissolved organic substrates and harvest light *** bacteria are widely distributed in marine environments,and their diversity has been examined in marine ***,information about AAP bacteria at high latitudes remains insufficient to ***,this study determined the summer AAP bacterial diversity in Arctic Kongsfjorden and in the Antarctic coastal seawater of King George Island on the basis of puf M,a gene that encodes a pigment-binding protein subunit of the reaction center *** puf M clone libraries were constructed,and 674 positive clones were obtained from four investigated stations（two in Kongsfjorden and two in the Antarctic Maxwell Bay）.Arctic clones were clustered within the Alphaproteobacteria,whereas Antarctic clones were classified into the Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria ***-like puf M genes dominated in all *** addition,sequences closely related to puf M encoded on a plasmid in Sulfitobacter guttiformis were predominant in both Arctic and Antarctic *** result indicates the transpolar or even global distribution of puf M genes in marine ***,differences between the Arctic and Antarctic sequences may prove polar *** results indicate the important role of Rhodobacteraceae as AAP bacteria in bipolar coastal waters.

关键词： diversity aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria pufM Arctic Antarctic

diversity,bioactivities,and metabolic potentials of endophytic actinomycetes isolated from traditional medicinal plants in Sichuan,China

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2015年第12期13卷 942-953页

作者： QIU Peng FENG Zhi-Xiang TIAN Jie-Wei LEI Zu-Chao WANG Lei ZENG Zhi-Gang CHU Yi-Wen TIAN Yong-Qiang Key laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering Ministry of Education and College of Light IndustryTextile & Food EngineeringSichuan University Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering School of Chemical EngineeringSichuan University Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics Chengdu University

The present study was designed to determine the taxonomic diversity and metabolic activity of the actinomycetes community, including 13 traditional medicinal plants collected in Sichuan province, China, using multiple approaches such as morphological and molecular identification methods, bioactivity assays, and PCR screening for genes involved in antibiotics biosynthesis. 119 endophytic actinomycetes were recovered; 80 representative strains were chosen for 16 S r RNA gene partial sequence analyses, with 66 of them being affiliated to genus Streptomyces and the remaining 14 strains being rare actinomycetes. Antimicrobial tests showed that 12(15%) of the 80 endophytic actinomycetes displayed inhibitory effects against at least one indicator pathogens, which were all assigned to the genus Streptomyces. In addition, 87.5% and 58.8% of the isolates showed anticancer and anti-diabetic activities, respectively. Meanwhile, the anticancer activities of the isolates negatively correlated with their anti-diabetic activities. Based on the results of PCR screening, five genes, PKS-I, PKS-II, NRPS, ANSA, and oxy B, were detected in 55.0%, 58.8%, 90.0%, 18.8% and 8.8% of the 80 actinomycetes, respectively. In conclusion, the PCR screening method employed in the present study was conducive for screening and selection of potential actinomycetes and predicting potential secondary metabolites, which could overcome the limitations of traditional activity screening models.

关键词： Endophytic actinomycetes Medicinal plants diversity Bioactivity PCR screening