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Effect of divergent selection for Plasma very Low Denstity Lipoprotein Concentration on Reproductive Performance in Broiler Chickens

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 1998年第1期5卷 29-39页

作者： ChenJinwen ZhaoHeshan DepartmentofAnimalSciences NortheastAgricultualUniversityHarbin150030PRC InstituteofAnimalSciences GAASGuangzhou510640PRC

The reproductive performance and abdominal fat of the high VLDL (H-VLDL) and low VLDL (L-VLDL) lines were studied after divergent selection for plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentration in broiler chickens at 8 weeks of age. It was shown that the main reproductive traits were higher in L-VLDL line than H-VLDL line. The beneficial correlated responses of the reproductive traits were produced by the selection for plasma VLDL. 1) Plasma VLDL concentration was significantly correlated with abdominal fat (r=0.50, P<0.01), ahich was higher than that with plasma triglyceride concentration. There was a significant difference in abdominal fat between both lines but age increase or food restriction may decrease this difference. The H-VLDL line had about twice as much abdominal fat as had L-VLDL at 8 weeks of age, while its mean body weight was similar to that of the L-VLDL line from birtl to the end of laying. 2) Mortality from apparently stress-related causes by food restriction for H-VLDL line females began to increase from 15 weeks of age and was 21% (38/180) higher compared with 13% (23/180) for L-VLDL line females. 3) Age of 5% Lying for L-VLDL line was 3 days less than that of H-VLDL line, age of 50% Lying was 37 days less for L-VLDL line than H-VLDL line, and the age of laying peak was similiar in both lines. Rate of lay at peak in L-VLDL and H-VLDL lines were 70.3%, 66.4%, respectively. 4) Fertility rate in L-VLDL line was significantly higher than that of H-VLDL line at 27 weeks of age (P=0.01) and there was a little difference in fertility rates between H-VLDL and L-VLDL line during late laying period. There were no significant differences between H-VLDL and L-VLDL lines in of day-old healthy the numbers chicks and hatchabilities of fertile and total eggs wheres mean numbers of healthy day-old chicks per hen were more is L-VLDL line than in H-VLDL line. 5) Under food restriction, egg production was higher in L-VLDL line than in H-VLDL line. It sh

关键词： reproductive performance very low density lipoprotein divergent selection

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divergent selection and realized heritability for shell length in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum

Divergent selection and realized heritability for shell leng...

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中国动物学会·中国海洋湖沼学会贝类学分会第九次会员代表大会暨第十五次学术讨论会

作者： Xiwu Yan~1 Liqiang Zhao~1 Zhongming Huo~1 & Guofan Zhang~2 1 Institute of Life Science and Technology,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian,China 2 Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology,Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science,Qingdao,China

A base population of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum was produced by mass spawning from a wild *** rearing for one year,selection for shell length growth was undertaken to determine the possibility of genetic *** the same selection intensity of±1.755 in upward and downward directions,three gene lines,including two selected lines and one non-selected control line,were created,which were reared under the same environmental conditions for each *** of SR and hR were evident between the upward-selected and downward-selected *** average,the standardized responses to selection (SR) and realized heritability(hR) were as follows:0.639 and 0.364,respectively,for the upward-selected line and 0.564 and 0.322,respectively,for the downward-selected *** significant differences(P > 0.05) in SR and hR were however detected between the upward- and downward-selected *** in terms of shell length improved by 5.41%in the upward-selected line after one generation,suggesting that mass selection for growth in a cultured population of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum is effective.

关键词： Ruditapes philippinarum divergent selection response to selection realized heritability genetic gain

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Brain differences in ecologically differentiatec sticklebacks

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 243-250页

作者： Jason KEAGY Victoria A. BRAITHWAITE Janette W. BOUGHMAN Department of Animal Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61801 USA Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA Center for Brain Behavior and Cognition Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA Program in Ecology Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA

Populations that have recently diverged offer a powerful model for studying evolution. Ecological differences are expected to generate divergent selection on multiple traits, including neurobiological ones. Animals must detect, process, and act on information from their surroundings and the form of this information can be highly dependent on the environment. We might expect different environments to generate divergent selection not only on the sensory organs, but also on the brain regions responsible for processing sensory information. Here, we test this hypothesis using recently evolved reproductively isolated species pairs of threespine stickleback fish Gasterosteus aculeatus that have well-described differences in many morphological and behavioral traits corre- lating with ecological differences. We use a state-of-the-art method, magnetic resonance imaging, to get accurate volumetric data for 2 sensory processing regions, the olfactory bulbs and optic tecta. We found a tight correlation between ecology and the size of these brain regions relative to total brain size in 2 lakes with intact species pairs. Limnetic fish, which rely heavily on vision, had relatively larger optic tecta and smaller olfactory bulbs compared with benthic fish, which utilize olfaction to a greater extent. Benthic fish also had larger total brain volumes relative to their body size compared with limnetic fish. These differences were erased in a collapsed species pair in Enos Lake where anthropogenic disturbance has led to intense hybridization. Together these data indicate that evolution of sensory processing regions can occur rapidly and independently.

关键词： brain evolution divergent selection magnetic resonance imaging olfactory bulb optic tectum threespinestickleback.

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Selective footprints and genes relevant to cold adaptation and other phenotypic traits are unscrambled in the genomes of divergently selected chicken breeds

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第3期14卷 887-907页

作者： Michael N.Romanov Alexandra S.Abdelmanova Vladimir I.Fisinin Elena A.Gladyr Natalia A.Volkova Olga A.Koshkina Andrey N.Rodionov Anastasia N.Vetokh Igor V.Gusev Dmitry V.Anshakov Olga I.Stanishevskaya Arsen V.Dotsev Darren K.Griffin Natalia A.Zinovieva L.K.Ernst Federal Research Centre for Animal Husbandry DubrovitsyPodolskMoscow RegionRussia School of Biosciences University of KentCanterburyUK Federal State Budget Scientific Institution Federal Research Centre“All-Russian Poultry Research and Technological Institute”of the Russian Academy of Sciences Sergiev PosadMoscow RegionRussia Breeding and Genetic Centre“Zagorsk Experimental Breeding Farm”–Branch of the Federal Research Centre“All-Russian Poultry Research and Technological Institute”of the Russian Academy of Sciences Sergiev PosadMoscow RegionRussia Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding–Branch of the L.K.Ernst Federal Research Centre for Animal Husbandry St.PetersburgRussia

Background The genomes of worldwide poultry breeds divergently selected for performance and other phenotypic traits may also be affected by,and formed due to,past and current admixture *** to diverse environments,including acclimation to harsh climatic conditions,has also left selection footprints in breed *** Using the Chicken 50K_CobbCons SNP chip,we genotyped four divergently selected breeds:two aboriginal,cold tolerant Ushanka and Orloff Mille Fleur,one egg-type Russian White subjected to artificial selection for cold tolerance,and one meat-type White *** of selective sweeps were determined in the studied breeds using three methods:(1)assessment of runs of homozygosity islands,(2)F_(ST) based population differential analysis,and(3)haplotype differentiation *** regions of true selection signatures were identified by two or more methods or in two or more *** these regions,we detected 540 prioritized candidate genes supplemented them with those that occurred in one breed using one statistic and were suggested in other *** them,SOX5,ME3,ZNF536,WWP1,RIPK2,OSGIN2,DECR1,TPO,PPARGC1A,BDNF,MSTN,and beta-keratin genes can be especially mentioned as candidates for cold *** factors may be involved in regulating some of these important genes(e.g.,TPO and BDNF).Conclusion Based on a genome-wide scan,our findings can help dissect the genetic architecture underlying various phenotypic traits in chicken *** include genes representing the sine qua non for adaptation to harsh *** tolerance in acclimated chicken breeds may be developed following one of few specific gene expression mechanisms or more than one overlapping response known in cold-exposed individuals,and this warrants further investigation.

关键词： Acclimation Adaptation Chicken breeds Cold tolerance divergent selection Genetic diversity Genomewide scan Phenotypic traits Selective sweeps

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Sexual selection and magic traits in speciation with gene flow

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Current Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 510-516页

作者： Maria R. SERVEDIO Michael KOPP Department of Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA Mathematics and Biosciences Group Max F. Perutz Laboratories and Faculty of Mathematics University of Vienna NordbergstraBe 15 A-1090 Vienna Austria Present address： Aix-Marseille University UMR-CNRS 6632 Evolutionary Biology and Modeling 3 Place Victor Hugo 13331 Marseille France

The extent to which sexual selection is involved in speciation with gene flow remains an open question and the sub- ject of much research. Here, we propose that some insight can be gained from considering the concept of magic traits （i.e., traits involved in both reproductive isolation and ecological divergence）. Both magic traits and other, ＂non-magic＂, traits can contribute to speciation via a number of specific mechanisms. We argue that many of these mechanisms are likely to differ widely in the ex- tent to which they involve sexual selection. Furthermore, in some cases where sexual selection is present, it may be prone to in- hibit rather than drive speciation. Finally, there are a priori reasons to believe that certain categories of traits are much more ef- fective than others in driving speciation. The combination of these points suggests a classification of traits that may shed light on the broader role of sexual selection in speciation with gene flow. In particular, we suggest that sexual selection can act as a driver of speciation in some scenarios, but may play a negligible role in potentially common categories of magic traits, and may be likely to inhibit speciation in common categories of non-magic traits [Current Zoology 58 （3）： 510-516, 2012].

关键词： Assortative mating divergent selection Ecological selection Mating cues Non-random mating Preferences

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Growth Performance of Larval and Juvenile Manila Clam(Ruditapes philippinarum) from divergently Selected Individuals of a Full-Sib Family

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2016年第6期15卷 1046-1050页

作者： HUO Zhongming LI Xiaotong SUN Qian LI Yongren ZHANG Xuekai YAN Xiwu YANG Feng College of Fisheries and Life Science Dalian Ocean University Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province Dalian Ocean University School of graduates Dalian Ocean University Key Laboratory for Aquatic Ecology and Aquaculture of Tianjin Department of Fisheries Science Tianjin Agricultural University

Abstract In this study, the method of divergent selection was employed to test the larval and juvenile growth performance within a full-sib family of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. The 10% largest and 10% smallest clam individuals （on the basis of shell length） of a full-sib family were selected as parents for the fast and slow growing lines, respectively. The difference in shell length was significant among the three lines （fast, control, and slow） tested. The sequence of shell length were fast line 〉 control line 〉 slow line. The responses to selection, realized heritability, and genetic gain were 0.06%-0.81%, 0.04%-0.47% and 0.58%-18.89% in the fast direction, respectively; and were 0.14%-1.27%, 0.08%-0.73%, and 0.31%-49.03% in the slow direction, respectively. The re- suits suggested that there was a large portion of additive genetic variance affecting the growth in the full-sib family. selection in the fast direction within the full-sib family would greatly improve the growth ofR. philippinarum.

关键词： divergent selection full-sib family Manila clam

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