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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean energy 2017年第3期5卷 451-464页

作者： Junjie HU Guangya YANG Koen KOK Yusheng XUE Henrik W.BINDNER Center for Electric Power and energy Technical University of DenmarkCopenhagenDenmark Netherlands Organization for Applied Research TNOThe HagueThe Netherlands State Grid Electric Power Research Institute NanjingChina

The increasing number of distributed energy resources connected to power systems raises operational challenges for the network operator, such as introducing grid congestion and voltage deviations in the distribution network level, as well as increasing balancing needs at the whole system level. Control and coordination of a large number of distributed energy assets requires innovative approaches. Transactive control has received much attention due to its decentralized decision-making and transparent characteristics. This paper introduces the concept and main features of transactive control, followed by a literature review and demonstration projects that apply to transactive control. Cases are then presented to illustrate the transactive control framework. At the end, discussions and research directions are presented, for applying transactive control to operating power systems, characterized by a high penetration of distributed energy resources.

关键词： distributed energy resources Distribution system operation Smart grids Transactive control

Distribution Network Optimization Model of Industrial Park with distributed energy resources under the Carbon Neutral Targets

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energy Engineering 2023年第12期120卷 2741-2760页

作者： Xiaobao Yu Kang Yang College of Economics and Management Shanghai University of Electric PowerShanghai200090China

Taking an industrial park as an example,this study aims to analyze the characteristics of a distribution network that incorporates distributed energy resources(DERs).The study begins by summarizing the key features of a distribution network with DERs based on recent power usage data.To predict and analyze the load growth of the industrial park,an improved back-propagation algorithm is employed.Furthermore,the study classifies users within the industrial park according to their specific power consumption and supply requirements.This user segmentation allows for the introduction of three constraints:node voltage,wire current,and capacity of DERs.By incorporating these constraints,the study constructs an optimization model for the distribution network in the industrial park,with the objective of minimizing the total operation and maintenance cost.The primary goal of these optimizations is to address the needs of DERs connected to the distribution network,while simultaneously mitigating their potential adverse impact on the network.Additionally,the study aims to enhance the overall energy efficiency of the industrial park through more efficient utilization of resources.

关键词： distributed energy resources improved back-propagation algorithm multi-population genetic algorithm distribution energy carbon neutral

Optimal Bidding Strategies of Microgrid with Demand Side Management for Economic Emission Dispatch Incorporating Uncertainty and Outage of Renewable energy Sources

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energy Engineering 2024年第4期121卷 849-867页

作者： Mousumi Basu Chitralekha Jena Baseem Khan Ahmed Ali Department of Power Engineering Jadavpur UniversityJadavpurIndia School of Electrical Engineering KIIT UniversityBhubaneswarIndia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology Faculty of Engineering and the Built EnvironmentUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa

In the restructured electricity market,microgrid(MG),with the incorporation of smart grid technologies,distributed energy resources(DERs),a pumped-storage-hydraulic(PSH)unit,and a demand response program(DRP),is a smarter and more reliable electricity provider.DER consists of gas turbines and renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic systems and wind turbines.Better bidding strategies,prepared by MG operators,decrease the electricity cost and emissions from upstream grid and conventional and renewable energy sources(RES).But it is inefficient due to the very high sporadic characteristics of RES and the very high outage rate.To solve these issues,this study suggests non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ)for an optimal bidding strategy considering pumped hydroelectric energy storage and DRP based on outage conditions and uncertainties of renewable energy sources.The uncertainty related to solar and wind units is modeled using lognormal and Weibull probability distributions.TOU-based DRP is used,especially considering the time of outages along with the time of peak loads and prices,to enhance the reliability of MG and reduce costs and emissions.

关键词： Micro-grid distributed energy resources demand response program uncertainty outage

Protection coordination in distribution systems with and without distributed energy resources-a review

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2017年第1期2卷 294-310页

作者： Manohar Singh Central Power Research Institute BangaloreIndia

Emission of greenhouse gases and depletion of fossil fuel reserves are two key drivers,which are forcing the mankind to generate the future energy demand from the renewable energy resources.These resources are generally distributed in nature and are directly integrated at distribution levels.Increasing penetration of the distributed energy resources in distribution power networks creates additional operational and control issues.These are mostly regulatory,economical load dispatching,power quality and protection issues.Generally power distribution systems are protected with the help of dedicated over current based protection schemes.But increasing share of distributed energy resources penetration in electric utilities poses a serious threat to the existing protection coordination schemes of the distribution systems.distributed energy resources connected distribution networks become interconnected in nature and protection coordination schemes,which are designed for unidirectional flow of fault currents become ineffective/non-functional.Therefore,new protection coordination schemes are required for providing the adequate protection coordination for distributed energy resources connected electric power networks.In the available literature,the protection coordination schemes for radial distribution systems and developments in the area of protection coordination are discussed in detail.A thorough review for all these protection coordination schemes for distribution systems with and without distributed energy resources is done in this review article.It includes the analytical and artificial intelligence based techniques application for coordination of protective relays in the distribution systems.The limitations and research gaps in the area of protection coordination schemes are also presented in this review article.The aim of this research paper is to bring all the available research in the area of relay coordination on one platform,so that it will help the emerging researcher to identify the future scope of relay co

关键词： Relay coordination distributed energy resources Artificial intelligence Adaptive relaying And renewable energy resources

Modeling and management performances of distributed energy resource for demand flexibility in Japanese zero energy house

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Building Simulation 2023年第11期16卷 2177-2192页

作者： Yanxue Li Xiaoyi Zhang Fu Xiao Weijun Gao Yan Liu Innovation Institute for Sustainable Maritime Architecture Research and Technology Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266033China Department of Building Environment and energy Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Faculty of Environmental Engineering The University of KitakyushuKitakyushu808-0135Japan

Zero-energy buildings(ZEBs)can contribute to decarbonizing building energy systems,while the energy mismatch between energy demand and on-site stochastic generation in ZEBs increases the need for energy flexibility.This study proposed mixed-integer linear programming energy management schemes for optimizing the flexible scheduling of distributed energy resources,including battery energy storage,heat pump,and building thermal mass as a passive thermal energy storage system.With optimally designed objectives,this study used case studies to evaluate the flexibility potential provided by the demand-side management,considering dynamic characteristics of the process.The results showed that the proposed demand-side management for battery storage offers significant potential in increasing photovoltaic(PV)self-consumption and reducing operational costs.Cost reduction ratios of flexible dispatch of combined PV and battery storage systems exceed 15%.Flexible coupling of PV and heat pump systems for meeting hot water demand can reduce energy cost by more than 20%.The flexible coupling of the heat pump and PV system also had a significant impact on the power consumption pattern of domestic heat pumps,the load-shifting potential highly depends on the available PV generation and hot water demand.The optimal trade-off between thermal energy use and thermal comfort violation may not reduce the total energy used for space heating,the increased PV consumption helped reduce grid imports.The study provides insights into the energy flexibility behavior and efficiency of the proposed demand-side management for ZEBs,which is expected to provide guidelines for exploring demand-side flexibility.

关键词： energy flexibility zero-energy building distributed energy resources energy system management

Control and Stability of Large-scale Power System with Highly distributed Renewable energy Generation:Viewpoints from Six Aspects

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CSEE Journal of Power and energy Systems 2023年第1期9卷 8-14页

作者： Qing-Hua Wu Anjan Bose Chanan Singh Joe H.Chow Gang Mu Yuanzhang Sun Zhaoxi Liu Zhigang Li Yang Liu School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China School of Electrical Engineering&Computer Science Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of Electrical Computer and Systems EngineeringRensselaer Polytechnic Institute(RPI)TroyNYUSA Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control&Renewable energy Technology Ministry of Education(Northeast Electric Power University)Jilin 132012China School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

Power systems are moving toward a low-carbon or carbon-neutral future where high penetration of renewables is expected.With conventional fossil-fueled synchronous generators in the transmission network being replaced by renewable energy generation which is highly distributed across the entire grid,new challenges are emerging to the control and stability of large-scale power systems.New analysis and control methods are needed for power systems to cope with the ongoing transformation.In the CSEE JPES forum,six leading experts were invited to deliver keynote speeches,and the participating researchers and professionals had extensive exchanges and discussions on the control and stability of power systems.Specifically,potential changes and challenges of power systems with high penetration of renewable energy generation were introduced and explained,and advanced control methods were proposed and analyzed for the transient stability enhancement of power grids.

关键词： distributed energy resources high converter penetration power system control renewable energy generation stability control transient stability

Operational Control of Low-voltage MTDC Systems in a Cyber-physical Environment

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CSEE Journal of Power and energy Systems 2022年第6期8卷 1569-1582页

作者： Wei Deng Wei Pei Ningning Li Xue Zhang Yin Yi Li Kong Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Electronic Electrical and Communication Engineering(EECE)University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Based on the standardized cyber-physical modeling and communication system-IEC 61850,this paper establishes the operational control architecture of a low-voltage multi-terminal DC(LV-MTDC)system.The coordinated operational control strategies,including power electronic transformer(PET),and voltage source converter(VSC),are proposed.Then a cyberphysical model of the system based on IEC 61850 is built,according to the application requirements of operational control in the LV-MTDC system.On this basis,the implementation method of system operational control based on IEC 61850 is proposed,including the software/hardware design of the intelligent electronic device(IED),dispatching operations and uninterrupted power supply.The simulation environment is further built to verify the system operational control technology,and the test platform is used to carry out the actual tests.The research results show that the operational control technology for the LV-MTDC system proposed in this paper is feasible,which can guarantee the rapid and accurate information exchange of control commands and settings,and thus effectively realize the operational control of the LV-MTDC system under complex conditions.

关键词： Cyber-physical system distributed energy resources IEC 61850 intelligent electronic device low-voltage multi-terminal DC system

Supply modes for renewable-based distributed energy systems and their applications:case studies in China

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Global energy Interconnection 2020年第3期3卷 259-271页

作者： Bowen Hong Qionghui Li Wanqing Chen Bibin Huang Hu Yan Kaihui Feng State Grid energy Research Institute Co.Ltd Changping DistrictBeijing 102209P.R.China State Grid energy Internet Economic Research Institute Beijing 102209P.R.China Key Laboratory of Smart Grid of Ministry of Education Tianjin UniversityNankai DistrictTianjin 300072P.R.China

distributed energy systems(DES),as an integrated energy system with coupled distributed energy resources,have great potential in reducing carbon dioxide emissions and improving energy efficiencies.Considering the background of urbanization and the energy revolution in China,the study investigates the renewable-based DESs supply modes and their application in China.A new method is proposed to classify DESs supply modes into three categories considering the renewable resource in domination,and their application domains are discussed.A comprehensive model is given for economic and environmental evaluation.Typical case studies show that the renewable-based DES systems can supply the energy in a cost-effective and environment-friendly way.Among them,the biomass waste dominated supply mode can not only achieve"zero"carbon emissions but also"zero"energy consumption,even though not yet economically attractive under the present policy and market conditions.Thus,recommendations are given to promote the further deployment of renewable-based DESs,regarding their supply modes,policy requirements,and issues to be addressed.

关键词： distributed energy resources distributed energy System Supply Mode Biogas New-type Village Agricultural Resource Recycling

Bi-objective optimal active and reactive power flow management in grid-connected AC/DC hybrid microgrids using metaheuristic-PSO

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Clean energy 2023年第6期7卷 1356-1380页

作者： Ssadik Charadi Houssam Eddine Chakir Abdelbari Redouane Abdennebi El Hasnaoui Mehdi Et-taoussi Electronics Power and Control Team Mohammadia School of Engineers(EMI)Mohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco SMARTiLab Moroccan School of Engineering Sciences(EMSI)RabatMorocco EEIS-Lab ENSET MohammediaHassan II UniversityCasablancaMorocco Ecole des mines de Rabat(ENSMR) RabatMorocco

In the context of evolving energy needs and environmental concerns,efficient management of distributed energy resources within microgrids has gained prominence.This paper addresses the optimization of power flow management in a hybrid AC/DC microgrid through an energy management system driven by particle swarm optimization.Unlike traditional approaches that focus solely on active power distribution,our energy management system optimizes both active and reactive power allocation among sources.By leveraging 24-hour-ahead forecasting data encompassing load predictions,tariff rates and weather conditions,our strategy ensures an economically and environmentally optimized microgrid operation.Our proposed energy management system has dual objectives:minimizing costs and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.Through optimized operation of polluting sources and efficient utilization of the energy storage system,our approach achieved significant cost savings of~15%compared with the genetic algorithm coun-terpart.This was largely attributed to the streamlined operation of the gas turbine system,which reduced fuel consumption and associated expenses.Moreover,particle swarm optimization maintained the efficiency of the gas turbine by operating at~80%of its nominal power,effectively lowering greenhouse gas emissions.The effectiveness of our proposed strategy is validated through simu-lations conducted using the MATLAB®software environment.

关键词： distributed energy resources hybrid AC/DC microgrids particle swarm optimization renewable energy cost reduction

Numerical Study on Thermoelectric Power Generator in Combustor

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第6期31卷 2124-2136页

作者： LI Na WU Peiqin LU Xing XU Jinhai WANG Qiuwang CHEN Yitung MA Ting Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering MOEXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China School of Safety Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Science and TechnologyXi'an 710054China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of NevadaLas Vegas NV 89154-4027USA

Micro gas turbine is a typical distributed energy resource system. The temperature of the burning gas in the combustor reaches 1000 K or even more, which makes a huge temperature difference in the combustor an interesting topic for heat recovery. In this work, thermoelectric devices are used for heat recovery in the combustor of the micro gas turbine. A flow-thermal-electric multiple-physical numerical model is used for the combustor and thermoelectric device power generation system. The effect of the winglet vortex generators installed at the outer wall of the flame tube on the system performance is examined. The numerical results show that the best matching load is about 1.4 times the internal resistance which provides the maximum power output for the thermoelectric generator. Active cascade control of heat transfer enhancement elements on flame tube considering wall safety and conversion efficiency of thermoelectric generator under high temperature and large temperature drop is proposed. The numerical results show that the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric generator can be increased by more than 80%, and the average wall temperature can be reduced by 35 K by using non-uniform arrangement of the winglet vortex generators.

关键词： distributed energy resources micro gas turbine combustor thermoelectric generator winglet vortex generator