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Nonlinear dissolution.reaction of chalcopyrite

Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第1期44卷 79-82页

作者： Kaixuan Tan Xincai Hao Tagen Dai Chinese Acad Sci Changsha Inst Geotecton Changsha 410013 Peoples R China Cent S Univ Technol Dept Geol Changsha 410083 Peoples R China

The dissolution.experiments of chalcopyrite in 2 mol/L NaCI solutions at 70℃ show that the dissolution.rate of chalcopyrite oscillates non-periodically with reaction time while in acid solutions （pH= 1.45—2.45） and far from Cu saturation concentration, and Cu concentration oscillates chaotically in solution of weak to intermediate acidity （pH = 3.66—7.0）.In nonequilibrium and open systems, the nonlinear coupling between the dissolution.of chalcopyrite and formation of cuprous chloride complexes and precipitation of hemitite caused by CI- , H+ and O2 is the internal mechanism of oscillatory changes of dissolution.rate, and the nonlinear coupling between the dissolution.of chalcopyrite and precipitation of atacamite induced by CI- and H+ has caused the chaotic oscillation of Cu concentration. There are consistence and difference between reaction rate oscillation and Cu concentration oscillation. However, both of them suggest that the dissolution.of chalcopyrite in NaCI solution is a nonlinear

关键词： nonlinear reaction rate oscillation chalcopyrite dissolution.

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ACCELERATION OF STRESS STRAIN ON ANODIC dissolution.OF BARE METAL SURFACE

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Science China Mathematics 1989年第11期32卷 1371-1378页

作者：李德林朱日彰张文奇 Department of Surface Science & Corrosion Engineering Beijing University of Iron and Steel Technology Beijing 100081 PRC

The difference in energy between the atoms in dislocations and those in dislocation-freelattice is analyzed. The results show that the electromotive force of the atoms in dislocations is 2.1 V higher than that of the atoms in dislocation-free lattice, and the anodic dissolution.rate of the atoms in dislocations is 10^(17) times that of the atoms in dislocation-free lattice. A model of the anodic dissolution.of bare metal surface has been proposed. The theoretical equation proposed according to the model isThe relationship that the current density of anodic dissolution.of bare metal surface increases with the increase of dislocation density has been calculated by this equation. The theoretical calculation shows that the current density rises slowly with the dislocation density when the dislocation density is below 10^(10). However, above 10^(10) it increases greatly. The effect of the stress-strain on the current density of anodic dissolution.of bare single-crystal surface of 321 stainless steel in 3.5% MgC1_z solution has been measured by a rapid scratching and recording device designed by the authors. The experimental results show that the effect of stress-strain on the current density of anodic dissolution.of baresingle-crystal surface is small in the range of elastic deformation, and however, it is marked in the range of plastic deformation. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical calculation.

关键词： stress-strain bare metal surface anodic dissolution.

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Influence of Technological Operations in the Dissolved Oxygen Content of Wines

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2014年第4期8卷 390-394页

作者： Ana Catarino Sandra Alves Helena Mira Polytechnic Institute of Santarem. Escola Superior Agraria de Santarem Department of Food Technology Biotechnology andNutrition Quinta do Galinheiro-S. Pedro 2001-904 Santarem Esporao S.A. Herdade do Esporao 7200-999 Reguengos de Monsaraz

Oxygen plays a crucial role in oenology. The oxygen leads to changes in the chemical and sensory profile of wines. On one hand, the impact of moderate oxygen exposure of red wine has a positive effect in its colour, aromatic bouquet and mouth-feel properties. On the other hand, oxygen has a negative effect on white wine＇s quality, as well as the sensory and compositional levels. The purpose of this study was to quantify the dissolved oxygen in red and white wine, during different cellar operations such as racking, tartaric stabilization, filtering and bottling. The techniques that contribute most to the enrichment of oxygen in wine are： cold tartaric stabilization （2.29 mg/L, white wines）, bottling （1.38 mg/L red wines and 1.11 mg/L white wines） and bag-in-box filling （2.47 mg/L red wines; 2.22 mg/L white wines）. After identifying the most critical technical operations in wine making, preventive and corrective measures had to be taken to reduce the dissolved oxygen content of wines, as well as preventing their depreciation.

关键词： Wine oxygen oxidation dissolution.

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