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Effects of effluent organic matters on endocrine disrupting chemical removal by ultrafiltration and ozonation in synthetic secondary effluent

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第2期31卷 57-64页

作者： Xiurong Si Zunfang Hu Ding Ding Xu Fu Civil Engineering Department North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering Shandong Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration

Endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs) in the secondary effluent discharged from wastewater treatment plants are of great concern when water reuse is intended. Ozonation and ultrafiltration(UF) are powerful technologies reported to eliminate EDCs. Due to the importance of effluent organic matters(EfOMs) in secondary effluent, the effects of three kinds of EfOM on the treatment of five EDCs using ozonation and UF were investigated. The three kinds of EfOM studied were humic acid sodium salt(NaAH), bovine serum albumin(BSA)and sodium alginate(NaAg); and the five EDCs were estrone, 17β-estradiol, estriol, 17α-ethynyl estradiol and bisphenol A. The results showed that EfOM accelerated the decay rate of ozone and inhibited the degradation efficiency of EDCs by ozonation in the order NaAH > BSA > NaAg.The ultraviolet absorbance at 280 nm(UVA_(280)) has potential for use as a surrogate indicator to assess EDC removal via ozonation without conducting difficult EDC analyses. When the decline in UVA_(280) exceeded 18%, the five EDCs had been completely removed. The UF behavior of NaAH,BSA and NaAg was found to follow the cake filtration law. The fouling potential of EfOM followed the order NaAg > NaAH > BSA; while EfOM on the membrane surface enhanced EDC removal in the order NaAH > BSA > NaAg. The mean retention rate of the membrane was increased by 24%, 10% and 8%, respectively. The properties of EDCs and EfOM cakes both influenced the EDC removal rates due to adsorption, size exclusion and charge attraction.

关键词： Endocrine disrupting chemicals Ultrafiltration Ozonation Effluent organic matters Secondary effluent

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Multiparametric MRI biomarkers for measuring vascular disrupting effect on cancer

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World Journal of Radiology 2011年第1期3卷 1-16页

作者： Guy Marchal Department of Ra- diology University HospitalsUniversity of LeuvenHerestraat 49B-3000 LeuvenBelgium

Solid malignancies have to develop their own blood supply for their aggressive growth and metastasis;a process known as tumor angiogenesis.Angiogenesis is largely involved in tumor survival,progression and spread,which are known to be significantly attributed to treatment failures.Over the past decades,efforts have been made to understand the difference between nor-mal and tumor vessels.It has been demonstrated that tumor vasculature is structurally immature with chaotic and leaky phenotypes,which provides opportunities for developing novel anticancer strategies.Targeting tumor vasculature is not only a unique therapeutic interven-tion to starve neoplastic cells,but also enhances the efficacy of conventional cancer treatments.Vascular dis-rupting agents(VDAs) have been developed to disrupt the already existing neovasculature in actively growing tumors,cause catastrophic vascular shutdown within short time,and induce secondary tumor necrosis.VDAs are cytostatic;they can only inhibit tumor growth,but not eradicate the tumor.This novel drug mechanism has urged us to develop multiparametric imaging biomark-ers to monitor early hemodynamic alterations,cellular dysfunctions and metabolic impairments before tumor dimensional changes can be detected.In this article,we review the characteristics of tumor vessels,tubulin-destabilizing mechanisms of VDAs,and in vivo effects of the VDAs that have been mostly studied in preclinical studies and clinical trials.We also compare the differ-ent tumor models adopted in the preclinical studies on VDAs.Multiparametric imaging biomarkers,mainly diffu-sion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging from magnetic resonance imaging,are evalu-ated for their potential as morphological and functional imaging biomarkers for monitoring therapeutic effects of VDAs.

关键词： Vascular disrupting agents Tumor vessels Imaging biomarkers Magnetic resonance imaging Dif-fusion-weighted imaging Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

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Screening for Genotoxicity and Oestrogenicity of Endocrine disrupting Chemicals <i>in Vitro</i>

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2012年第8期3卷 902-914页

作者： Karthryn M. Quinn-Hosey James J. Roche Andrew M. Fogarty Concepta A. Brougham Endocrine Disruption Group Department of Life and Physical Sciences School of Science Athlone Institute of Technology Athlone Co. Westmeath Ireland

A diverse range of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) was examined, using an in vitro test system, for critical events required for the onset of carcinogenesis in vivo. The initiation stage of carcinogenesis is a genotoxic process. 4-Octylphenol (alkylphenol), bisphenol A (plasticiser), coumestrol and genistein (phytoestrogens), 2,4-dichlorophe- noxyacetic acid and toxaphene (pesticides) and ethinylestradiol (synthetic hormone) were investigated for potential mutagencicity, DNA strand breakage, clastogenicity and DNA repair. Significant induction in the percentage of cells containing micronuclei was observed for all the EDCs. Toxaphene and coumestrol were mutagenic in the Ames assay. They also induced significant levels of unscheduled DNA synthesis and DNA strand breakage. Bisphenol A induced low level DNA strand breakage in HepG2 cells in the comet assay. The EDCs, with the exception of toxaphene, induced transcriptional activation in the yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay. They were potently oestrogenic in the mammalian based MVLN (transactivation) and E-SCREEN (proliferation) assays. This report on the transactivational, proliferative and genotoxic ability of the EDCs suggests that these chemicals may play a role in the etiology of male and female reproductive cancers.

关键词： Four Endocrine disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) Proliferation Mutagenicity DNA Strand Breakage Comet Assay DNA Repair Unscheduled DNA Synthesis Assay (UDS) E-SCREEN Assay YES Assay MVLN Assay

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Assessment of Endocrine disrupting Trace Metals in River Samre at Samreboi in the Wassa Amenfi West District of the Western Region of Ghana

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第10期5卷 983-992页

作者： Matthew Nkoom Samuel Jerry Cobbina Michael Kumi Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Water Research Institute Tamale Ghana Department of Ecotourism and Environmental Management Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources University for Development Studies Nyankpala Campus Tamale Ghana

The rational for the study was to assess the levels of endocrine disrupting trace metals in River Samre. The levels of Mercury ranged from 0.01 to 0.02 mg/l (mean of 0.006 mg/l), whiles cadmium levels ranged from 0.002 to 0.011 mg/l (mean of 0.01 mg/l). The high levels of Hg and Cd may have adverse effects on the endocrine system of inhabitants who drink directly from the river without treatment. High levels of mercury and cadmium might be caused by the activities of a Timber and Plywood Company located close to the river and the underlying bedrocks of the area exposed as a result of human activities such as farming. The concentration of lead was below detection limit ( mg/l) but that of Arsenic ranged from 0.001 to 0.007 mg/l (mean of 0.005). Health risk assessment conducted shows that the risk associated with exposure to these metals for now are low. Continuous water quality monitoring is recommended to help protect the resource and also to safeguard human health.

关键词： Endocrine disrupting Trace Metal Samreboi Non-Cancer Risk Assessment Hazard Quotient Surface Water

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A Toxicological Assessment of Endocrine disrupting Chemicals Found in the BMW (Border, Midland and Western) Region of Ireland

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2012年第4期3卷 304-315页

作者： Kathryn M. Quinn-Hosey James J. Roche Andrew M. Fogarty Concepta A. Brougham Endocrine Disruption Group Department of Life and Physical Sciences School of Science Athlone Institute of Technology Athlone Co. Westmeath Ireland

A battery of tests was established to determine the oestrogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic potential of two categories of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), phthalates and alkylphenols. Diisononylphthalate (DINP), diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP), dibutylphthalate (DBP), diisododecylphthalate (DIDP) and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) were oestrogenic in the yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay and potently oestrogenic in the MVLN and E-SCREEN assays at environmentally relevant concentrations. DINP and 4-NP were mutagenic in the Ames assay and also induced significant levels of unscheduled DNA synthesis and DNA strand breakage. Significant induction in the percentage of cells containing micronuclei was observed after treatment with DINP, DEHP and 4-NP. In addition, sewage effluents from sewage treatment plants (STPs) in the Border, Midlands and Western (BMW) region of Ireland were significantly oestrogenic in the YES assay. Moreover, analysis of levels of phthalates and alkylphenol identified in Irish rivers receiving treated effluent showed potent oestrogenicity in the YES assay. The proliferative and genotoxic ability of the phthalates and alkylphenol, and the oestrogenicity of the treated effluents reported here, is significant as these EDCs and EDCs within the effluent may play a role in the etiology of human abnormalities.

关键词： Endocrine disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) Proliferation Transactivation Mutagenicity Genotoxicity Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) Border Midlands and Western (BMW) Region of Ireland

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A monoclonal antibody against Lates calcarifer vitellogenin and a competitive ELISA to evaluate vitellogenin induction after exposure to xenoestrogen

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第1期31卷 325-333页

作者： Witchuda Prasatkaew Phochit Nanthanawat Nanthika Khongchareonporn Sutin Kingtong Environmental Science program Faculty of Science Burapha University Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science Burapha University The Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Chulalongkorn University Department of Biology Faculty of Science Burapha University

A monoclonal antibody specific to sea bass(Lates calcarifer) vitellogenin(VTG) was developed,for use as a tool for monitoring endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs). VTG was induced in sea bass by intramuscular injection of 17β-estradiol(E_2: 2 mg/kg) every three days. Blood was collected three days after the last injection. Plasma VTG was then purified by chromatography in hydroxyapatite and a sephacryl-S300 column. Characterizations of purified VTG were done by phospholipoglycoprotein staining on a native-PAGE with confirmation by mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS). Antibody was raised in mice by injection of purified VTG. After monoclonal antibody production, the hybridoma clone No. 41(MAb-sea bass VTG 41)was selected and developed for quantification of VTG by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The ELISA method was sensitive with a detection limit of VTG 40 ng/mL. MAb-sea bass VTG 41 was specific to VTG from E_2-treated sea bass and others EDCs(Nonylphenol, Benzo[a]pyrene and CdCl_2). Moreover, cross-reactivity was also found in E_2-treated coral grouper(Epinephelus corallicola). The ELISA method obtained from this work can be further applied for the assessment of EDCs in Thailand and Southeast Asia's aquatic environment.

关键词： Monoclonal antibody Vitellogenin Biomarker Endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs) ELISA

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Encryption and Decryption of Color Images through Random Disruption of Rows and Columns

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2020年第3期37卷 245-255页

作者：曾建华占炎林杨建荣 School of Physics and Electronic Information Shangrao Normal UniversityShangrao 334001China

In modern society,information is becoming increasingly interconnected through networks,and the rapid development of information technology has caused people to pay more attention to the encryption and the protection of information.Image encryption technology is a key technology for ensuring the security performance of images.We extracted single channel RGB component images from a color image using MATLAB programs,encrypted and decrypted the color images by randomly disrupting rows,columns and regions of the image.Combined with histograms and the visual judgments of encryption images,it is shown that the information of the original image cannot be obtained from the encryption image easily.The results show that the color-image encryptions with the algorithm we used have good effect and fast operation speed.Thus this algorithm has certain practical value.

关键词： color image encryption decryption single channel RGB component image disrupting

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An overview of translational(radio)pharmaceutical research related to certain oncological and non-oncological applications

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World Journal of Methodology 2013年第4期3卷 45-64页

作者： Marlein Miranda Cona Peter de Witte Alfons Verbruggen Yicheng Ni Department of Imaging and Pathology Faculty of MedicineBiomedical Sciences GroupKU LeuvenB-3000 LeuvenBelgium Molecular Small Animal Imaging Centre/Mo SAIC Faculty of MedicineBiomedical Sciences GroupKU LeuvenB-3000 LeuvenBelgium Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Biomedical Sciences GroupKU LeuvenB-3000 LeuvenBelgium

Translational medicine pursues the conversion of scientific discovery into human health improvement.It aims to establish strategies for diagnosis and treatment of diseases.Cancer treatment is difficult.Radiopharmaceutical research has played an importantrole in multiple disciplines,particularly in translational oncology.Based on the natural phenomenon of necrosis avidity,Onco Ci Dia has emerged as a novel generic approach for treating solid malignancies.Under this systemic dual targeting strategy,a vascular disrupting agent first selectively causes massive tumor necrosis that is followed by iodine-131 labeled-hypericin(123IHyp),a necrosis-avid compound that kills the residual cancer cells by crossfire effect of beta radiation.In this review,by emphasizing the potential clinical applicability of Onco Ci Dia,we summarize our research activities including optimization of radioiodinated hypericin Hyp preparations and recent studies on the biodistribution,dosimetry,pharmacokinetic and,chemical and radiochemical toxicities of the preparations.Myocardial infarction is a global health problem.Although cardiac scintigraphy using radioactive perfusion tracers is used in the assessment of myocardial viability,searching for diagnostic imaging agents with authentic necrosis avidity is pursued.Therefore,a comparative study on the biological profiles of the necrosis avid 123I-Hyp and the commercially available 99mTc-Sestamibi was conducted and the results are demonstrated.Cholelithiasis or gallstone disease may cause gallbladder inflammation,infection and other severe complications.While studying the mechanisms underlying the necrosis avidity of Hyp and derivatives,their naturally occurring fluorophore property was exploited for targeting cholesterol as a main component of gallstones.The usefulness of Hyp as an optical imaging agent for cholelithiasis was studied and the results are presented.Multiple uses of automatic contrast injectors may reduce costs and save resources.However,cross-contaminations with bloodborne pathogens

关键词： Translational medical research Cancer treatment OncoCiDia Vascular disrupting agent Hy-pericin Myocardial infarction Gallstone Transfux

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Separate calculation of DW-MRI in assessing therapeutic effect in liver tumors in rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第47期19卷 9092-9103页

作者： Feng Chen Frederik De Keyzer Yuan-Bo Feng Marlein Miranda Cona Jie Yu Guy Marchal Raymond Oyen Yi-Cheng Ni Department of Radiology the First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang University Department of Imaging and Pathology University HospitalUniversity of LeuvenHerestraat 49Bus 70033000 LeuvenBelgium

AIM:To explore whether the antitumor effect of a vascular disrupting agent(VDA)would be enhanced by combining with an antiangiogenic agent,and whether such synergistic effects can be effectively evaluated with separate calculation of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging(DW-MRI).METHODS:Thirty-seven rats with implanted liver tumors were randomized into the following three groups:(1)ZD6126,a kind of VDA;(2)ZDTHA,ZD6126 in combination with an antiangiogenic,thalidomide;and(3)control.Morphological DW-MRI were performed and quantified before,4 h and 2 d after treatment.The apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)values were calculated separately for low b values(ADC low),high b values(ADC high)and all b values(ADC all).The tissue perfusion contribution,ADC perf,was calculated as ADC low-ADC high.Imaging findings were finally verified by histopathology.RESULTS:The combination therapy with ZDTHA significantly delayed tumor growth due to synergistic effects by inducing cumulative tumor necrosis.In addition to delaying tumor growth,ZDTHA caused tumor necrosis in an additive manner,which was verified by HE staining.Although both ADC high and ADC all in the ZD6126and ZDTHA groups were significantly higher compared to those in the control group on day 2,the entire tumor ADC high of ZDTHA was even higher than that of ZD6126,but the significant difference was not observed for ADCall between ZDTHA and ZD6126.This indicated that the perfusion insensitive ADC high values calculated from high b value images performed significantly better than ADC all for the monitoring of tumor necrosis on day 2.The perfusion sensitive ADC perf derived from ADC low by excluding high b value effects could better reflect the reduction of blood flow due to the vessel shutdown induced by ZD6126,compared to the ADC low at 4 h.The ADC perf could provide valuable perfusion information from DW-MRI data.CONCLUSION:The separate calculation of ADC is more useful than conventional averaged ADC in evaluating the efficacy of combination therapy with ZD6126a

关键词： Diffusion weighted imaging Magnetic resonance imaging Therapeutic assessment Liver tumor Rats Vascular disrupting agent Antiangiogenic agentAnimal model Rodents

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Determination of Nonylphenol, Octylphenol and Bisphenol-A in Water and Sediments of Two Major Rivers in Lagos, Nigeria

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第7期4卷 38-45页

作者： Adebola A. Oketola Taiwo K. Fagbemigun Department of Chemistry University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria.

The continuous uncontrolled discharge of pollutants into aquatic systems in developing countries like Nigeria has prompted a more sensitive assessment of the level of pollutants inhabiting the environment. Sediments and waters of River Ogun and River Ibeche in southwestern part of Nigeria were collected and analysed for 4-t-Octyphenol (4-t-OP), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and Bisphenol-A (BPA), that have been shown to possess endocrine-disrupting properties. Prior to analysis by GC-MS technique, targeted compounds were extracted from samples by ultrasonication and liquid-liquid extraction, respectively. Physicochemical properties of the samples such as temperature, pH, total organic carbon and particle size distribution were also determined. 4-NP and 4-t-Op were detected in all the water samples with concentration ranging between 43.9 ng/L - 79.4 ng/L and 57.1 ng/L - 68.6 ng/L, respectively. No trace of BPA was found in all the water samples collected. However, BPA in sediment samples from both rivers ranged from non detectable to ≤0.4 ng/g, while 4-t-OP and 4-NP were between 2.2 ng/g - 24.5 ng/g and 1.1 ng/g - 79.4 ng/g, respectively. The presence of these compounds in surface water and sediments may be attributed to the release of pollutants into the studied rivers from both domestic and industrial activities. Further studies are however needed to investigate the potential ecological and health effects of these compounds on aquatic organisms that inhabit the rivers.

关键词： Endocrine disrupting Compounds Surface Water Sediment Pollution

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