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Effect of Mixed dispersants on Suppression of the Gel Effect during Aqueous Adiabatic Terpolymerization of AM,NaAA,and DMC

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China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2023年第3期25卷 83-91页

作者： Yang Junfeng Zhou Manli Wang Meng Qingyuan Yakoo Chemical Co. LtdQingyuan 510640China Department of Polymer Science and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China

Gelation adversely affects the aqueous adiabatic terpolymerization of acrylamide (AM), sodium acrylate (NaAA),and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride (DMC). Here, the mixed dispersants sorbitan monooleate (Span80) and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) were introduced to the terpolymerization system in an attemptto mitigate the gel effect. This enabled the preparation of high-performance amphoteric polyacrylamides, which werecharacterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The influences of the dispersanttype and content as well as the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) on the gel effect were examined, and the mechanismunderlying the suppression of the gel effect was considered. The obtained results indicated that the gel effect can beeffectively mitigated using an aqueous adiabatic terpolymerization system containing mixed Span 80/Tween 80 dispersantsat various contents. In particular, mixed dispersant contents of 0.6%–0.8% with HLB values of 5.0–6.0 afforded the optimalperformance (e.g., high viscosity, fast aqueous dissolution time, and the like).

关键词： gel effect dispersants amphoteric polyacrylamide terpolymerization

Influence of the Precipitating Reagents and dispersants on the Formation Nano-Aluminum Hydroxide

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2013年第5期1卷 11-15页

作者： G. Sarsenbay L. A. Myltykbaeva R. A. Abdulwalyev B. M. Sukurov Center of the Earth Sciences Metallurgy and Benefication JSC Science and Education Ministry of the Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Kazakhstan Center of the Earth Sciences Metallurgy and Benefication JSC Science and Education Ministry of the Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty Kazakhstan National Science and Technology Holding “Parasat” JSC Science and Education Ministry of the Republic of Kazakhstan Astana Kazakhstan

The influence of the precipitating reagents and dispersants on the formation of nano-aluminum hydroxide from sodium aluminate solution by chemical precipitation was investigated. The influence of the dispersed seeds on the decomposi-tion process was investigated too. The alkaline aluminate solutions were used as original solutions with a concentration of Al2O3 having 14.78 g/dm3, αk—1.6 and127 g/dm3, αk—1.6. For the precipitation processes there were used follow-ing precipitating reagents—solutions HCl, NaHCO3 and NH4HCO3 with a concentration of 80 g/dm3, dispersants—PEG 6000, (NaPO3)6 and Tween 20. For the decomposition process the dispersed seeds and factories seeds were used. Structural studies of the aluminum hydroxide particles were carried out by means of the electron-probe microanalysis and scanning electron microscopy, and phase composition of products was determined by means of X-ray diffraction analysis. Ammonium bicarbonate and Tween 20 were determined as the optimal precipitating reagent and dispersant, correspondingly, resulting in dispersed aluminum hydroxide, which is used as a seed in the decomposition process. It was established that this product in form of dispersed seed considerably reduces the duration of the decomposition process;the maximal decomposition of solution (73.9%) was observed after injection of dispersеd aluminum hydroxide into solution. The final aluminum hydroxide having 90% of particles less than 100 nanometers was obtained within 7 hours of steady decreasing temperature from 70°C to 48°C.

关键词： Nano-Aluminum Hydroxide Precipitating Reagents dispersants Alkaline Aluminate Solution Precipitation Particles Decomposition Particle Diameter

Crude oil wax:A review on formation,experimentation,prediction,and remediation techniques

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Petroleum Science 2022年第5期19卷 2343-2357页

作者： Wyclif Kiyingi Ji-Xiang Guo Rui-Ying Xiong Li Su Xiao-Hui Yang Shi-Ling Zhang Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Sinopec Northwest Oil Field Branch UrumqiXinjiang830011China CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited BeijingChina

Wax deposition during crude oil production,transportation,and processing has been a headache since the early days of oil *** may lead to low mobility ratios,blockage of production tubing/pipelines as well as fouling of surface and processing facilities,among *** snags cause massive financial constraints increasing projects’*** of meticulous research have been dedicated to this problem that is worth a ***,this paper reviews the mechanisms,experimentation,thermodynamic and kinetic modeling,prediction,and remediation techniques of wax *** overall assessment suggests that available models are more accurate for single than multi-phase flows while the kind of remediation and deployment depend on the environment and severity *** severe cases,both chemical and mechanical are synergistically ***,future prospective research areas that require attention are ***,this review could be a valuable tool for novice researchers as well as a foundation for further research on this topic.

关键词： Oil wax Phase modeling Inhibitors dispersants Multi-phase flow

Transport and behavior of marine oil spill containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mesocosm experiments

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第1期41卷 166-173页

作者： Dawei SHI Houlei JIA Department of Marine Ecology Research South China Sea Institute of Planning and Environmental ResearchState Oceanic AdministrationGuangzhou 510300China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are one of the most important groups in oil,and re sponsible for major toxic and/or carcinogenic impact on humans and *** is important to understand the behavior of PAHs in marine environment after an oil-spill ***,interaction between petroleum PAHs and microbial communities in a marine environment remains ***,a series of mesocosm experiments were *** which water-accommodated fraction(WAF)of oil was generated to simulate an oil-spill scenario and to analyze the transport and behavior of marine oil spill containing PAHs with and without *** indicate that the application of dispersant could increase the concentration of total PAHs in water column due mainly to significant increase in the concentration of highmolecular weight(HMW)PAHs at a lower removal *** the end of the 7-day experiment,significant amount of HMW PAHs were accumulated in *** general,the application of dispersant did not increase the sediment uptake of PAHs but increased the PAHs concentration in water column.

关键词： polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) marine oil spill mesocosm dispersants degradation and transport

Comparison of Setting Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Various Silica-bonded No-cement Castables

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China's Refractories 2017年第1期26卷 8-12页

作者： Hong PENG BjФrn MYHRE Elkem Silicon Materials Kristiansand NO-4621 Norway

Microsilica-gel bonded bauxite based no-cement refractory castables（NCCs）have been produced using two readily available *** NCCs were compared to NCC with Siox X-Zero,a purposely-developed product for microsilica-gel bonded no-cement castable systems to control flow properties and setting *** mixing and curing temperatures were applied：5℃,20℃and 35℃.The results show that setting-behaviour and mechanical properties strongly vary with the type of dispersant and the curing ***,both setting and strength are less temperature dependent in the castables with Siox ***,the drying and firing of microsilica-gel bonded NCCs were *** microsilica-gel bond system contains only a small amount of bound water,the castables can be fired at very high heating rates,once the free water has been removed.

关键词： dispersants setting curing temperature no-cement castable (NCCs) microsilica-gel bond fastdrying

The Biodegradation of Dispersed Oil Does Not Induce Toxicity at Environmentally-Relevant Concentrations

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2019年第3期9卷 113-120页

作者： Roger C. Prince Bryan M. Hedgpeth Aaron D. Redman Josh D. Butler ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences Inc. Annandale NJ USA

Applying dispersants to spilled crude oil results in an oil in water dispersion of microscopic oil droplets that soon dilutes to levels below 1 ppm oil. These levels are substantially below those known to induce acute toxicity in 96-hour tests. We show here that oil hydrocarbons are biodegraded very rapidly in such situations (50% loss in 4 days in this experiment), and that no increase in acute toxicity to mysids (Americamysis bahia) is seen during this biodegradation, or over the following 20 days as the oil is further degraded (78% loss of detectable hydrocarbons in this experiment).

关键词： Oil Spills dispersants Biodegradation Acute Toxicity Hopane Americamysis bahia

A Proposed New Laboratory Protocol for Dispersant Effectiveness Testing Adapted for Subsea Dispersant Injection

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2019年第5期10卷 694-709页

作者： Per Johan Brandvik Per S. Daling Dorien Dunnebier Panagiotis E. Makatounis Frode Leirvik Daniel F. Krause SINTEF Ocean Marine Environmental Technology Trondheim Norway National Technical University of Athens Athens Greece

The main objective of this study is to develop a new protocol for bench-scale dispersant effectiveness testing adapted for subsea dispersants injection (SSDI). The new approach includes turbulence conditions, dispersant injection techniques and quantification of effectiveness, more representative for a SSDI operation. Results from the new system are compared to dispersant effectiveness measured with established laboratory methods, used for screening dispersants for surface application. The most significant result is that the dispersant ranking obtained with the new test relevant for subsea releases was very different compared to the ranking obtained by screening methods used for surface application of dispersants. This strongly indicates that existing standard methods for dispersant effectiveness testing designed for simulating conditions relevant for surface application of dispersants, are less relevant for SSDI effectiveness testing and justify the need for a more relevant method. Such a Dispersant Injection Effectiveness Test (DIET) is suggested and documented in this study.

关键词： Subsea Oil Spill Laboratory Effectiveness Testing dispersants